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Bathyteuthoidea
The Bathyteuthoidea are small, mesopelagic to bathypelagic squid that in some ways resemble myopsid squid, such as ''Loligo'' and in others the pelagic oegopsid squid. Its two families, the Bathyteuthidae and Chtenopterygidae, each containing a single genus, have previously been included with the oegopsids. As with the oegopsids, the Bathyteuthoidea lack corneal membranes covering their eyes, something common to myopsid squid, and have paired oviducts, lacking in myopsids. As with the myopsids, bathyteuthoids have tentacle pockets in the head and small suckers on the buccal supports, found only in this group, Loliginidae, and Sepiidae; neither is found in true oegopsids. The Bathyteuthoidea do share the open ocean pelagic habitat with the oegopsid squid, uniting them in that way with that diverse group. The Bathyteuthidae and Chtenopterygidae differ in body conformation, the internal shell, and in the manner in which buccal supports attach to the lowermost arms (pair IV). Buc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oegopsina
Oegopsida is one of the two orders of squid in the superorder Decapodiformes, in the class Cephalopoda. Together with the Myopsina, it was formerly considered to be a suborder of the order Teuthida, in which case it was known as Oegopsina. This reclassification is due to Oegopsina and Myopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade. The Oegopsida are an often pelagic squid, with some nerito-oceanic species associated with sea mounts. They consist of 24 families and 69 genera. They have these characters in common: the head is without tentacle pockets, eyes lack a corneal covering, arms and tentacle clubs may have hooks, the buccal supports are without suckers, and oviducts in females are paired. Two families, the Bathyteuthidae and Chtenopterygidae, which have features characteristic of the Myopsida while retaining others common to the Oegopsina, are sometimes placed in the Bathyteuthoidea. The Oegopsida differ from the coastal Myopsida, characterised by the genus ''Loli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyteuthidae
''Bathyteuthis'' is the singular genus of squid in the family Bathyteuthidae, encompassing three species. ''Bathyteuthis'' species are found scattered throughout the world’s oceans at mesopelagic to bathypelagic depths, commonly between 700 and 2,000 meters. They are found in deep-sea territories and can be spotted on the coast of New England. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Description ''Bathyteuthis'' are deep reddish maroon in colour and small in size, with none exceeding 80 mm in mantle length. The arms on ''Bathyteuthis'' are short, joined by a low, fleshy web, with suckers arranged in irregular rows (two proximally increasing to four distally). Tentacular clubs are short and narrow, with 8-10 longitudinal series of numerous, minute suckers. Buccal connectives have small suckers attached to the dorsal border of the ventral arms (arms IV). Fins are small, round and separate. The head has eyes turned slightly to the front. Suckers lack circularis muscles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathyteuthis Abyssicola
''Bathyteuthis abyssicola'', also known as the deepsea squid, is a species of squid in the family Bathyteuthidae. ''Bathyteuthis abyssicola'' is the type species of ''Bathyteuthis''. It is a small (less than 8 cm mantle length), deep maroon-colored squid that inhabits the meso- and bathypelagic zones of all oceans of the world, and is particularly abundant in the Southern Ocean where it seems to be the dominant small deep-sea squid. ''B. abyssicola'' normally occurs at depths from , but has been recorded from . The arms of ''B. abyssicola'' are short, with blunt tips. Protective membranes are low, fleshy, without free trabeculae (beam- or finger-like protuberances). Suckers are relatively few in number, about 100 on each of the upper six arms (pairs I–III). Sucker rings on the arms have 8–18 separated, bluntly rounded to truncate protuberances. The tentacles and clubs are relatively short. Gills are short and narrow. They have large photosensitive vesicles Vesicle may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chtenopterygidae
''Chtenopteryx'' is a genus of small, muscular, midwater squid in the monotypic family Chtenopterygidae. Four species are presently recognized in the genus, but more are believed to exist. These squid occupy tropical to subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ... waters, probably at depths of between 500 and 1,000 m during the day and near-surface waters at night. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Species * '' Chtenopteryx canariensis'' Salcedo-Vargas & Guerrero-Kommritz, 2000 * '' Chtenopteryx chuni'' * Pfeffer, 1912 * '' Chtenopteryx sepioloides'' Rancurel, 1970 * '' Chtenopteryx sicula'' (Vérany, 1851), comb-finned squid or toothed-fin squid The species listed above with an asterisk (*) is questionable and needs further study to determine if it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesopelagic
The mesopelagic zone (Greek μέσον, middle), also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone, is the part of the pelagic zone that lies between the photic epipelagic and the aphotic bathypelagic zones. It is defined by light, and begins at the depth where only 1% of incident light reaches and ends where there is no light; the depths of this zone are between approximately 200 to 1,000 meters (~656 to 3,280 feet) below the ocean surface. The mesopelagic zone occupies about 60% of the planet's surface and about 20% of the ocean's volume, amounting to a large part of the total biosphere. It hosts a diverse biological community that includes bristlemouths, blobfish, bioluminescent jellyfish, giant squid, and a myriad of other unique organisms adapted to live in a low-light environment. It has long captivated the imagination of scientists, artists and writers; deep sea creatures are prominent in popular culture. Physical conditions The mesopelagic zone includes the reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathypelagic
The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above, and the abyssopelagic below. The bathypelagic is known as the midnight zone because of the lack of sunlight; this feature does not allow for photosynthesis-driven primary production, preventing growth of phytoplankton or aquatic plants. Although larger by volume than the photic zone, our knowledge of the bathypelagic zone remains limited by our ability to explore the deep ocean. Physical characteristics The bathypelagic zone is characterized by a nearly constant temperature of approximately and a salinity range of 33-35 g/kg. This region has little to no light, because sunlight does not reach this deep in the ocean and bioluminescence is limited. The hydrostatic pressure in this zone ranges 100-400 atmospheres (atm), due to the increase of 1 atm for every 10 m depth. It is belie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myopsina
Myopsida is one of the four orders of squid. It consists of two families: the monotypic ''Australiteuthis'' and the diverse and commercially important Loliginidae (~50 species). Some taxonomists classify this taxon as a suborder of the order Teuthida, in which case it is known as Myopsina. This reclassification is due to Myopsina and Oegopsina not being demonstrated to form a clade. A number of morphological features distinguish members of Myopsida from those of its sister group, Oegopsida. Some of the most obvious differences are found in the structure of the eyes: those of myopsid squids lack a secondary eyelid and are instead covered by a transparent corneal membrane, the opening of which is reduced to a microscopic anterior pore in most species. The arms and tentacles are ornamented with simple suckers (hooks are never present), with additional suckers usually borne on the buccal lappets. The carpal ("wrist") portion of the tentacular club lacks a locking apparatus, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loligo
''Loligo'' is a genus of squid and one of the most representative and widely distributed groups of myopsid squid. The genus was first described by Jean Baptiste Lamarck in 1798. However, the name had been used earlier than Lamarck ( Schneider, 1784; Linnaeus, 1758) and might even have been used by Pliny. In the early 19th century, this generic name was often used as a grouping for all true squid. All three species of ''Loligo'' are caught by commercial fisheries, most abundantly by traditional trawling methods (mobile gear). In the United States of America, Longfin squid are federally regulated under the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish Management Plan. ''Loligo vulgaris'' and others are noted for being attracted to lights at night; they can therefore be fished using different light-attraction methods. Commercial fishing is heavily regulated in the United States, and fishing using mobile gear is only permitted during daylight hours. However, the recreational fisherman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loliginidae
Loliginidae, commonly known as pencil squids, is an aquatic family of squid classified in the order Myopsida. Taxonomy The family Loliginidae was formerly classified in the order Teuthida. Taxonomic list The classification below follows Vecchione ''et al.'' (2005) and the Tree of Life Web Project (2010).Vecchione, M. & R.E. Young. (2010)Loliginidae Lesueur, 1821 The Tree of Life Web Project. Several doubtfully distinct species have also been described; see the genus articles for these. *Genus '' Afrololigo'' **'' Afrololigo mercatoris'', Guinean thumbstall squid *Genus ''Alloteuthis'' **''Alloteuthis africanus'', African squid **''Alloteuthis media'', midsize squid **''Alloteuthis subulata'', European common squid *Genus ''Doryteuthis'' **Subgenus ''Amerigo'' ***''Doryteuthis gahi'', Patagonian squid ***''Doryteuthis ocula'', bigeye inshore squid ***''Doryteuthis opalescens'', opalescent inshore squid ***''Doryteuthis pealeii'', longfin inshore squid ***''Doryteuthis suri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepiidae
Sepiidae is a family of cephalopods in the order Sepiida. Classification *Order Sepiida: cuttlefish **Family Sepiadariidae **Family Sepiidae ***Genus ''Metasepia'' ****''Metasepia pfefferi'', flamboyant cuttlefish ****'' Metasepia tullbergi'', paintpot cuttlefish ***Genus ''Sepia'' ****Subgenus undetermined *****? ''Sepia bartletti'' *****? '' Sepia baxteri'' * *****? '' Sepia dannevigi'' * *****? '' Sepia elliptica,'' ovalbone cuttlefish *****'' Sepia filibrachia'' *****'' Sepia mira'' *****'' Sepia plana'' *****'' Sepia senta'' *****'' Sepia subplana'' *****? '' Sepia whitleyana'' ****Subgenus ''Acanthosepion'' *****'' Sepia aculeata'', needle cuttlefish *****'' Sepia brevimana'', shortclub cuttlefish *****''Sepia esculenta'', golden cuttlefish *****''Sepia lycidas'', kisslip cuttlefish *****'' Sepia prashadi'', hooded cuttlefish *****'' Sepia recurvirostra'', curvespine cuttlefish *****'' Sepia savignyi'', broadback cuttlefish *****'' Sepia smithi'', Smith's cuttlefish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorsal (anatomy)
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ventral
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek language, Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axis, anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
