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Baths Of Nero
The Baths of Nero (''Thermae Neronis'') or Baths of Alexander (''Thermae Alexandrinae'') were a complex of ancient Roman baths on the Campus Martius in Rome, built by Nero in either 62 or 64 and rebuilt by Alexander Severus in 227 or 229. It stood between the Pantheon and the Stadium of Domitian and were listed among the most notable buildings in the city by Roman authors and became a much-frequented venue. These ''thermae'' were the second large public baths built in Rome, after the Baths of Agrippa, and it was probably the first "imperial-type" complex of baths, with a monumental scale and symmetrical, axially-planned design. While in the sixteenth century the foundations of the ''caldarium'' were still visible, nothing else of the structure remains above ground except some fragments of walls incorporated into the structure of Palazzo Madama. Overview The ''thermae'' covered an area of about 190 by 120 metres. Their extent is shown by the modern-day Piazza della Rotonda, Via ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sant' Eustachio
Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular church and minor basilica in Rome, named for the martyr Saint Eustace. It is located on Via di Sant'Eustachio in the rione Sant'Eustachio, a block west of the Pantheon and via della Rotonda, and a block east of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza and the Via della Dogana Vecchia. History A church at the site was founded by the 8th century. The church was recorded as a ''diaconia'' (a centre for helping the poor and the sick) at the end of the pontificate of Pope Gregory II (715-731). It is mentioned in some documents dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, where this church is called ''in platana'' (between the plane trees) referring to the tree planted in the garden of the martyr Eustace. However, tradition holds that the emperor Constantine I had previously built an oratory here. This church was called "ad Pantheon in regione nona e iuxta templum Agrippae" (at the Pantheon in the ninth ''rione'' and next to the temple of Agrippa"). The churc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus (Latin for "largest circus"; Italian: ''Circo Massimo'') is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy. In the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills, it was the first and largest stadium in ancient Rome and its later Empire. It measured in length and in width and could accommodate over 150,000 spectators. In its fully developed form, it became the model for circuses throughout the Roman Empire. The site is now a public park. Events and uses The Circus was Rome's largest venue for ''ludi'', public games connected to Roman religious festivals. ''Ludi'' were sponsored by leading Romans or the Roman state for the benefit of the Roman people (''populus Romanus'') and gods. Most were held annually or at annual intervals on the Roman calendar. Others might be given to fulfil a religious vow, such as the games in celebration of a triumph. In Roman tradition, the earliest triumphal ''ludi'' at the Circus were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Concrete
Roman concrete, also called , is a material that was used in construction in ancient Rome. Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement. It is durable due to its incorporation of pozzolanic ash, which prevents cracks from spreading. By the middle of the 1st century the material was used frequently, often brick-faced, although variations in aggregate allowed different arrangements of materials. Further innovative developments in the material, called the concrete revolution, contributed to structurally complicated forms, such as the Pantheon dome, the world's largest and oldest unreinforced concrete dome. Roman concrete was normally faced with stone or brick, and interiors might be further decorated by stucco, fresco paintings, or thin slabs of fancy colored marbles. Made up of aggregate and a two-part cementitious system it differs significantly from modern concrete. The aggregates were typically far larger than in modern concrete as well, often amounting to rubble, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fontana Di Palazzo Madama
Fontana may refer to: Places Italy *Fontana Liri, comune in the Province of Frosinone *Fontanafredda, comune in the Province of Pordenone *Fontanarosa, comune in the Province of Avellino *Francavilla Fontana, comune in the Province of Brindisi *Serrara Fontana, comune in the Province of Napoli Switzerland * Fontana GR, a settlement in Tarasp in the Canton of Graubünden * Fontana (Airolo), a settlement in Airolo, in the Canton of Ticino United States * Fontana, California * Fontana, Kansas * Fontana, Texas * Fontana Village, North Carolina *Fontana-on-Geneva Lake, Wisconsin *Fontana Dam in the U.S. state of North Carolina Elsewhere * Fontana, Chaco, a settlement in San Fernando Department, Chaco Province, Argentina *Fontana, Gozo, on Gozo Island, Republic of Malta *Fontana (Belgrade), a neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia *Fontana (lunar crater), an impact crater on the Moon *Fontana (Martian crater), an impact craters on Mars *Fontana metro station, a rapid transit station in Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laconicum
The ''laconicum'' (i.e. Spartan, ''sc.'' ''balneum'', bath). Cf. Greek ''pyriaterion to lakonikon'' "the Laconian vapour-bath"; , . was the dry sweating room of the Roman ''thermae'', contiguous to the ''caldarium'' or hot room. The name was given to it as being the only form of warm bath that the Spartans admitted. The ''laconicum'' was usually a circular room with niches in the axes of the diagonals and was covered by a conical roof with a circular opening at the top, according to Vitruvius (v. 10), from which a brazen shield is suspended by chains, capable of being so lowered and raised as to regulate the temperature. It is similar to a sudatorium, or steam bath, where water is added to produce steam. Sometimes, as in the old baths at Pompeii, the ''laconicum'' was provided in an apse at one end of the ''caldarium'', but as a rule it was a separate room raised to a higher temperature and had no bath in it. In addition to the hypocaust under the floor, the wall was lined with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudatorium
In architecture, a sudatorium is a vaulted sweating-room ('' sudor'', "sweat") or steam bath (Latin: ''sudationes'', steam) of the Roman baths or thermae. The Roman architectural writer Vitruvius (v. 2) refers to it as ''concamerata sudatio''. It is similar to a ''laconicum'', or dry heat bath, with the addition of water to produce steam. In order to obtain the great heat required, the whole wall was lined with vertical terracotta flue pipes of rectangular section, placed side by side, through which hot air and smoke from the suspensura passed to an exit in the roof. When Arabs and Turks overran the Eastern Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ..., they adopted and developed this feature in their baths or hammams. References Ancient Roman baths Rooms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tepidarium
The tepidarium was the warm (''tepidus'') bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system. The speciality of a tepidarium is the pleasant feeling of constant radiant heat which directly affects the human body from the walls and floor. There is an interesting example at Pompeii; this was covered with a semicircular barrel vault, decorated with reliefs in stucco, and round the room a series of square recesses or niches divided from one another by telamones. The tepidarium was the great central hall around which all the other halls were grouped, and which gave the key to the plans of the thermae. It was probably the hall where the bathers first assembled prior to passing through the various hot baths ( caldaria) or taking the cold bath (frigidarium). The tepidarium was decorated with the richest marbles and mosaics; it received its light through clerestory windows on the sides, the front, and the rear, and would seem to have been the hall in which th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apodyterium
In ancient Rome, the apodyterium (from grc, ἀποδυτήριον "undressing room") was the primary entry in the public baths, composed of a large changing room with cubicles or shelves where citizens could store clothing and other belongings while bathing.PBS https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/apodyterium.html Privately owned slaves, or one hired at the baths (called a capsarius), would look after belongings while citizens enjoyed the pleasures of the baths. A contemporary Roman schoolbook quotes a wealthy young Roman schoolboy who entered the baths, leaving his slave behind in the apodyterium: "Do not fall asleep, on account of the thieves" (''ne addormias propter fures, ''CGL 3.651.10). A wealthy person might even bring more than one slave along, as parading one's slaves at the baths was a way to show one's elevated social status. For wealthy free men and women slaves carried the bathing paraphernalia: exercise and bathing garments, sandals, linen towels, and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frigidarium
A frigidarium is one of the three main bath chambers of a Roman bath or ''thermae'', namely the cold room. It often contains a swimming pool. The succession of bathing activities in the ''thermae'' is not known with certainty, but it is thought that the bather would first go through the apodyterium, where he would undress and store his clothes, and then enter the ''elaeothesium'' or ''unctuarium'' to be anointed with oil. After exercising in a special room or court, he would enjoy the hot room, known as ''calidarium'' or ''caldarium'', then the steam room (a moist ''sudatorium'' or a dry ''laconicum''), where he would most likely scrape the by now grimy oil with the help of a curved metal ''strigil'' off his skin, before finally moving to the ''frigidarium'' with its small pool of cold water or sometimes with a large swimming pool (though this, differently from the ''Baptisterium, piscina natatoria'', was usually covered). The water could be also kept cold by using snow. The bathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaestra
A palaestra ( or ; also (chiefly British) palestra; grc-gre, παλαίστρα) was any site of an ancient Greek wrestling school. Events requiring little space, such as boxing and wrestling, took place there. Palaestrae functioned both independently and as a part of public gymnasia; a palaestra could exist without a gymnasium, but no gymnasium existed without a palaestra. Etymology Compare Ancient Greek ''palaiein'' - "to wrestle" and ''palē'' - "wrestling". Palaestrophylax or palaistrophylax ( el, παλαιστροφύλαξ), meaning “palaestra guard”, was the guardian or the director of a Palaestra. Architecture Greek The architecture of the palaestra, although allowing for some variation, followed a distinct, standard plan. The palaestra essentially consisted of a rectangular court surrounded by colonnades with adjoining rooms. These rooms might house a variety of functions: bathing, ball playing, undressing and storage of clothes, seating for socializing, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peristyle
In ancient Greek and Roman architecture, a peristyle (; from Greek ) is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. Tetrastoön ( grc, τετράστῳον or τετράστοον, lit=four arcades, label=none) is a rarely used archaic term for this feature. The peristyle in a Greek temple is a peristasis (). In the Christian ecclesiastical architecture that developed from the Roman basilica, a courtyard peristyle and its garden came to be known as a cloister. Etymology The Greek word περίστυλον ''perístylon'' is composed of περί ''peri'', "around" or "surrounded", and στῦλος ''stylos'', "column" or "pillar", together meaning "surrounded by columns/pillars". It was Latinised into synonyms ''peristylum'' and ''peristylium''. In Roman architecture In rural settings, a wealthy Roman could surround a villa with terraced gardens; within the city, Romans created their gardens inside the '' domus''. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Da Sangallo The Younger
250px, A model of the Apostolic Palace, which was the main project of Bramante during Sangallo's apprenticeship. 250px, The church of Santa Maria di Loreto near the Rome.html"_;"title="Trajan's_Market_in_Rome">Trajan's_Market_in_Rome. image:Palazzo_Farnese_(Caprarola).jpg.html" ;"title="Rome..html" ;"title="Rome.html" ;"title="Trajan's Market in Trajan's_Market_in_Rome.">Rome.html"_;"title="Trajan's_Market_in_Rome">Trajan's_Market_in_Rome. image:Palazzo_Farnese_(Caprarola).jpg">thumb.html" ;"title="Rome">Trajan's Market in Rome.html"_;"title="Trajan's_Market_in_Rome">Trajan's_Market_in_Rome. image:Palazzo_Farnese_(Caprarola).jpg">thumb">250px.html" ;"title="Rome.">Rome.html" ;"title="Trajan's Market in Rome">Trajan's Market in Rome. image:Palazzo Farnese (Caprarola).jpg">thumb">250px">The Villa Farnese in Caprarola; the initial design was by Sangallo and Baldassare Peruzzi. image:Hendrik Frans van Lint - Rome, A View of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.jpg, 250px, San Giovanni de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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