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Baseline Surface Radiation Network
Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) is a project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment ( GEWEX) and as such is aimed detecting important changes in the Earth's radiation field at the Earth's surface which may be related to climate changes. The central archive of the BSRN is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC) which was initiated by Atsumu Ohmura in 1992 and operated at ETH until 2007. Since 2008 the WRMC is operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany. Objectives * To monitor the background (least influenced by immediate human activities which are regionally concentrated) shortwave and longwave radiative components and their changes with the best methods currently available. * To provide data for the calibration of satellite-based estimates of the surface radiative fluxes. * To produce high quality observational data to be used for validating the theoretical computation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Climate Research Programme
The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is an international programme that helps to coordinate global climate research. The WCRP was established in 1980, under the joint sponsorship of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Council for Science (ICSU), and has also been sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO since 1993. The programme is funded by its three sponsors and additional contributions by nation states or other donors. WCRP uses these funds to organize science workshops or conferences and support collaboration between climate scientists at an international level. Its expert groups also develop international standards for climate data and propose future emphasis areas in international climate research, among others. Mandate WCRP's objective is stated as "a better understanding of the climate system and the causes of climate variability and change" and "to determine the predictability of climate; and to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Energy And Water Exchanges
The Global Energy and Water Exchanges Project (abbreviated GEWEX, formerly named the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment from 1990 to 2012) is an international research project and a core project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). In the beginning, the project intended to observe, comprehend and model (abstract), model the Earth's water cycle. The experiment also observes how much energy the Earth receives, and studies how much of that energy reaches the surfaces of the Earth and how that energy is transformed. Sunlight's energy evaporates water to produce clouds and rain and dries out land masses after rain. Rain that falls on land becomes the water budget which can be used by people for agricultural and other processes. GEWEX is a collaboration of researchers worldwide to find better ways of studying the water cycle and how it transforms energy through the atmosphere. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Radiation Monitoring Center
{{notability, date=April 2012 The World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC) is the central archive of all Baseline Surface Radiation Network measurements. In 1992 the WRMC was founded at ETH Zurich. Since 2008-07-01 the WRMC is hosted by the Alfred Wegener Institute. Data were transferred to AWI from the original ftp-site at ETH (colloquially) , former_name = eidgenössische polytechnische Schule , image = ETHZ.JPG , image_size = , established = , type = Public , budget = CHF 1.896 billion (2021) , rector = Günther Dissertori , president = Joël Mesot , ac ... Zurich until about 2008-03-01. More recent data were submitted directly to AWI were all data are archived in the ftp-server. Additionally, data are available via PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. The data within the WRMC are read account restricted. Only persons who follow the BSRN data release guidelines are allowed to use the data. Read accounts for both - PANGAEA and ftp access - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsumu Ohmura
is a Japanese climatologist, known for his discovery and contributions to the theory of global dimming. Ohmura was born in the Bunkyō ward of Tokyo in 1942. In 1965 he graduated with a B.Sc. from the University of Tokyo and in 1969 received an M.Sc. from McGill University. He later received a Dr.sc.nat from the ETH Zurich. Ohmura is a professor emeritus of the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at ETH Zurich, where he was the leader of the institute's climate research group. The group has strong interests in the planetary boundary layer and the cryosphere including its interaction with the atmosphere and ocean. The group maintains a general circulation model. Ohmura also initiated the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). In March 2021 he was awarded the IASC Medal by the International Arctic Science Committee The International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) is a non-governmental organization which is composed of international science groups participating in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Wegener Institute For Polar And Marine Research
The Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (German: ''Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung'') is located in Bremerhaven, Germany, and a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. It conducts research in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the high and mid latitude oceans. Additional research topics are: North Sea research, marine biological monitoring, and technical marine developments. The institute was founded in 1980 and is named after meteorologist, climatologist, and geologist Alfred Wegener. History The foundation of the AWI happened in a political environment that was characterized by system competition between East and West. The East Germany, GDR had been conducting its own Antarctic research for decades. In the 1970s it became clear that there would be one scarcity of biological- and mineral resources. Also due to the experience of the Oil crisis of 1973, oil crisis of 1973, the We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Dimming
Global dimming is the reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface that has been observed since systematic measurements began in the 1950s. The effect varies by location, but worldwide it has been estimated to be of the order of a 4–20% reduction. However, after discounting an anomaly caused by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991, a very slight reversal in the overall trend has been observed. Global dimming is thought to have been caused by an increase in particulates or aerosols, such as sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere due to human action. It has interfered with the hydrological cycle by reducing evaporation and may have reduced rainfall in some areas. Global dimming has been attributed as the leading factor in the 1984 Ethiopian famine by reducing heating at the tropics which drives the annual monsoon, or wet season. Causes It is thought that global dimming is probably due to the increased presence of aerosol particles in Earth's atmos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
