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Bartsia Chilensis
''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was named after Johann Bartsch (Latinized as Johannes Bartsius, 1709-1738), a botanist of Königsberg. The plant was named for him by his associate Carl Linnaeus, and the genus has been sometimes spelt as ''Bartschia''. ''Starbia'', an anagram of ''Bartsia'', is another genus of Orobanchaceae, synonym of ''Alectra''. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Bartsia'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. ''Bartsia'' sensu stricto (e.g. '' B. alpina'') is the sister genus to ''Odontites'', '' Bellardia'', ''Tozzia'', ''Hedbergia'', and ''Euphrasia''. Classification In 1990, the genus was revised to contain 49 species; 45 of them are endemic to the Andes. The most familiar species might be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartsia Alpina
''Bartsia alpina'' is a species of perennial flowering plant, known by the common name alpine bartsia or velvetbells. It is found in the mountainous regions of Europe and also occurs in Iceland, Greenland and north‐eastern Canada. Description ''Bartsia alpina'' is a hemiparasitic perennial plant with a woody rhizome, growing to a height of between . The stem is erect and sometimes branched, hairy and purple in colour. The leaves are in opposite pairs, with oval leaf blades up to long and toothed margins. At the base of the plant, the leaves are green, but higher up they are tinged with purple. The corolla is dark purple and is about long. It is narrow at the base and has two lips, an obtuse upper lip and a smaller lower one, with three blunt, equal-sized lobes. It has four stamens fused to the corolla and two ovaries fused to the style. The fruit is an oval brown capsule. File:Bartsia alpina Sturm57.jpg, Botanical illustration by Jacob Sturm, 1796 File:Bartsia alpina T69.jpg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959, and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962. The discoveries that the chloroplast contains ribosomes and performs protein synthesis revealed that the chloroplast is genetically semi-autonomous. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences were published in 1986, ''Nicotiana tabacum'' (tobacco) by Sugiura and colleagues and ''Marchantia polymorpha'' (liverwort) by Ozeki et al. Since then, a great number of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced. Molecular structure Chloroplast DNAs are circular, and are typically 120,000–170,000 base pairs long. They can have a contour length of around 30–60 micrometers, and have a mass of about 80 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Traugott Pursh
Frederick Traugott Pursh (or Friedrich Traugott Pursch) (February 4, 1774 – July 11, 1820) was a German people, German–United States, American botanist. Born in Großenhain, Saxony, under the name Friedrich Traugott Pursh, he was educated at Dresden Botanical Gardens, and emigrated to the United States in 1799. From 1802 to 1805, he worked in Philadelphia as the botanical manager of the extensive gardens of William Hamilton, Esq., "The Woodlands (Philadelphia), The Woodlands." By 1805, he was working for Benjamin Smith Barton on a new Flora (publication), flora of North America, under whom he studied the plants collected on the Lewis and Clark Expedition. His work with Barton allowed him to travel farther afield. In 1805, he traveled south from Maryland to the Carolinas and, in 1806, he traveled north from the mountains of Pennsylvania to New Hampshire. He made both trips principally on foot, with only his dog and a gun, covering over three thousand miles each season. Barton' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartsia Acuminata
''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was named after Johann Bartsch (Latinized as Johannes Bartsius, 1709-1738), a botanist of Königsberg. The plant was named for him by his associate Carl Linnaeus, and the genus has been sometimes spelt as ''Bartschia''. ''Starbia'', an anagram of ''Bartsia'', is another genus of Orobanchaceae, synonym of ''Alectra''. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Bartsia'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. ''Bartsia'' sensu stricto (e.g. '' B. alpina'') is the sister genus to ''Odontites'', '' Bellardia'', '' Tozzia'', ''Hedbergia'', and ''Euphrasia''. Classification In 1990, the genus was revised to contain 49 species; 45 of them are endemic to the Andes. The most familiar species might be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedbergia Longiflora
''Hedbergia longiflora'', formerly ''Bartsia longiflora'', is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is an afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa. A subspecies, ''Hedbergia longiflora'' subsp. ''macrophylla'' Hedberg, has also been described. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Hedbergia longiflora'' groups with ''Hedbergia decurva'' and '' Hedbergia abyssinica'' into a ''Hedbergia'' clade nested within the core Rhinantheae. These three taxa share evolutionary affinities with genera '' Tozzia'', '' Bellardia'', '' Neobartsia'', '' Parentucellia'', and ''Odontites ''Odontites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Odontites'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. It is the sister genus t ...''. References {{Taxonbar , from1=Q177153 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter
Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (16 February 1787 – 20 February 1860) was a German botanist and Protestant minister. Biography Hochstetter was born in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg. He was the father of geologist Ferdinand Hochstetter (1829–1884). In 1807 Hochstetter received his degree of Master of Divinity in Tübingen. While still a student, he became a member of a secret organization headed by Carl Ludwig Reichenbach (1788–1869) that had designs on establishing a colony on Tahiti (''Otaheiti-Gesellschaft''). In 1808 the organization was discovered by authorities, and its members suspected of treason and arrested. Hochstetter was imprisoned for a short period of time for his small role in the secret society. Later on, he spent six months as a teacher in a private institution in Erlangen, and afterwards was a tutor for four years in the house of the Minister of Altenstein in Thuringia. In 1816 he became a pastor and school inspector in Brno, moving to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedbergia Decurva
''Hedbergia decurva'', formerly ''Bartsia decurva'', is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is an afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Hedbergia decurva'' groups with ''Hedbergia longiflora'' and '' Hedbergia abyssinica'' into a ''Hedbergia'' clade nested within the core Rhinantheae. These three taxa share evolutionary affinities with genera '' Tozzia'', '' Bellardia'', '' Neobartsia'', '' Parentucellia'', and ''Odontites ''Odontites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Odontites'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. It is the sister genus t ...''. References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q17715313, from2=Q15347584 decurva Species described in 1846 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartsia Trixago
''Bellardia trixago'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae (it has been formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae). The only member of the monotypic genus ''Bellardia'', it is known as trixago bartsia or Mediterranean lineseed. This plant is native to the Mediterranean Basin, but it is known in other places with similar climates, such as California and parts of Chile, where it is an introduced species and noxious weed. Etymology The genus name ''Bellardia'' is a taxonomic patronym in honor of Carlo Antonio Lodovico Bellardi (1741-1826), an Italian botanist from Piedmont. The species name ''trixago'' has two possible etymologies. * It derives from the ancient Greek word (), meaning "hair", and the Latin suffix ''ago'' used to indicate a property, and refers to the glandular-hairy characteristic of the plant. * It derives from the ancient Greek word , , or (, , or ), meaning "triple", and refers to the trilobate lower lip of the flower. It is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine. Dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afromontane
The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions of Africa are discontinuous, separated from each other by lower-lying areas, and are sometimes referred to as the Afromontane archipelago, as their distribution is analogous to a series of sky islands. Geography Afromontane communities occur above elevation near the equator, and as low as elevation in the Knysna-Amatole montane forests of South Africa. Afromontane forests are generally cooler and more humid than the surrounding lowlands. The Afromontane archipelago mostly follows the East African Rift from the Red Sea to Zimbabwe, with the largest areas in the Ethiopian Highlands, the Albertine Rift Mountains of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Tanzania, and the Eastern Arc highlands of Kenya and Tanzan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumboreal Region
The Circumboreal Region in phytogeography is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan. It is the largest floristic region in the world by area, comprising most of Canada, Alaska, Europe, Caucasus and Russia, as well as North Anatolia (as the southernmost part of the region) and parts of northern New England, Michigan, Minnesota, and the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota. Northern portions of the region include polar desert, taiga and tundra biomes. Many geobotanists divide Eurasian and North American areas into two distinct regions. The continents, however, share much of their boreal flora (e.g. ''Betula nana'', ''Alnus viridis'', ''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'', ''Arctostaphylos uva-ursi''). The flora was severely impoverished during glaciations in the Pleistocene. The region is bordered by Eastern Asiatic, North American Atlantic, Rocky Mountain, Mediterranean an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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