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Banaba
BanabaThe correct spelling and etymology in Gilbertese should be ''Bwanaba'' but the Constitution of Kiribati writes Banaba. Because of the spelling in English or French, the name was very often written Paanapa or Paanopa, as it was in 1901 Act. (; formerly Ocean Island) is an island of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. A solitary raised coral island west of the Gilbert Island Chain, it is the westernmost point of Kiribati, lying east of Nauru, which is also its nearest neighbour. It has an area of , and the highest point on the island is also the highest point in Kiribati, at in height. Along with Nauru and Makatea (French Polynesia), it is one of the important elevated phosphate-rich islands of the Pacific. History According to ''Te Rii ni Banaba (The Backbone of Banaba)'' by Raobeia Ken Sigrah, Banaban oral history supports the claim that the people of the Te Aka clan, which originated in Melanesia, were the original inhabitants of Banaba, having arrived before the arri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiribati
Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the central Pacific Ocean. Its permanent population is over 119,000 as of the 2020 census, and more than half live on Tarawa. The state comprises list of islands of Kiribati, 32 atolls and one remote raised coral atoll, raised coral island, Banaba. Its total land area is dispersed over of ocean. The islands' spread straddles the equator and the 180th meridian. The International Date Line goes around Kiribati and swings far to the east, almost reaching 150th meridian west, 150°W. This brings Kiribati's easternmost islands, the southern Line Islands south of Hawaii, into the same day as the Gilbert Islands and places them in the most advanced time zone on Earth: UTC+14:00, UTC+14. Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a sovereign state in 1979. The capital, South Tarawa, now the most populated area, consists of a number of islets, connect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micronesians
The Micronesians or Micronesian peoples are various closely related ethnic groups native to Micronesia, a region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. They are a part of the Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, which has an Urheimat in Taiwan. Ethno-linguistic groups classified as Micronesian include the Carolinians (Northern Mariana Islands), Chamorros (Guam & Northern Mariana Islands), Chuukese, Mortlockese, Namonuito, Paafang, Puluwat and Pollapese ( Chuuk), I-Kiribati (Kiribati), Kosraeans (Kosrae), Marshallese (Marshall Islands), Nauruans ( Nauru), Palauan, Sonsorolese, and Hatohobei (Palau), Pohnpeians, Pingelapese, Ngatikese, Mwokilese ( Pohnpei), and Yapese, Ulithian, Woleian, Satawalese ( Yap). Origins Based on the current scientific consensus, the Micronesians are considered, by linguistic, archaeological, and human genetic evidence, to be a subset of the sea-migrating Austronesian people, who include the Polynesians and the Melanesians. Austron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banabans
The Micronesians or Micronesian peoples are various closely related ethnic groups Indigenous peoples of Oceania, native to Micronesia, a region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. They are a part of the Austronesian peoples, Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, which has an Urheimat in Taiwan. Ethno-linguistic groups classified as Micronesian include the Carolinian people, Carolinians (Northern Mariana Islands), Chamorro people, Chamorros (Guam & Northern Mariana Islands), Chuukese people, Chuukese, Mortlockese language, Mortlockese, Namonuito language, Namonuito, Pááfang language, Paafang, Puluwat language, Puluwat and Pollapese (Chuuk State, Chuuk), Kiribati people, I-Kiribati (Kiribati), Kosraeans (Kosrae), Marshallese people, Marshallese (Marshall Islands), Nauruans (Nauru), #Palauan people, Palauan, Sonsorolese language, Sonsorolese, and Hatohobei (Palau), Pohnpeians, Pingelapese language, Pingelapese, Ngatikese language, Ngatikese, Mokilese language, Mwokilese (Pohnpei), and Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Phosphate Company
John T. Arundel (1 September 1841 – 30 November 1919) was an English entrepreneur who was instrumental in the development of the mining of phosphate rock on the Pacific islands of Nauru and Banaba (Ocean Island). Williams & Macdonald (1985) described him as "a remarkable example of that mid-Victorian phenomenon, the upright, pious and adventurous Christian English businessman." Early life His father owned a gentleman's outfitter in the City of London and a warehouse business on the Thames estuary; the family lived at Gravesend, Kent. They were active in the Congregational Church, and through a church connection he joined Houlder Brothers & Co., a firm that provided ships for migration to New Zealand and Australia. Early career In 1860, Arundel travelled on a Houlder Brothers & Co ship into the Pacific, calling at the Chincha Islands, on which guano was mined for refining into the fertiliser superphosphate. He took an interest in the potential of the fertiliser busines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphate Mining In Banaba And Nauru
The economy of Banaba and Nauru has been almost wholly dependent on phosphate, which has led to environmental disaster on these islands, with 80% of the islands' surface having been strip-mined. The phosphate deposits were virtually exhausted by 2000, although some small-scale mining is still in progress on Nauru. Mining ended on Banaba in 1979. First discovery of phosphate In 1896, a cargo officer ( supercargo) for the Pacific Islands Company on the ''Lady M'', Henry Denson, found a strange-looking rock on Nauru during a brief stop on the island. He originally believed it to be a piece of petrified wood. Denson, according to legend, had planned on making children's marbles from it but, as fate would have it, it ended up as a door stop in the company's Sydney office. In 1899, Albert Ellis, a management official of the phosphate division of the Pacific Islands Company, was transferred to the Sydney office to "analyse rock samples coming from the Pacific Islands." Ellis notic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Phosphate Commission
The British Phosphate Commissioners (BPC) was a board of Australian, British, and New Zealand representatives who managed extraction of phosphate from Christmas Island, Nauru, and Banaba (Ocean Island) from 1920 until 1981. Nauru was a mandate territory governed on behalf of Nauru by Australia, Britain and New Zealand. However, representatives on the Permanent Mandates Commission argued that the activities of the BPC on Nauru were exploitative and not to the benefit of Nauruans. Australia intentionally suppressed information about its activities in Nauru. In 1968, Nauru brought Australia up before the International Court of Justice over the environmental devastation that they had caused on Nauru. Nauru and the B.P.C. Nauru Island Agreement In 1900, the German colonial administration of Nauru granted phosphate rights to British businessman John T. Arundel's Pacific Islands Company (PIC). The PIC was replaced by the Pacific Phosphate Company (PPC) in 1902, with German interests ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Islands
The Gilbert Islands (;Reilly Ridgell. ''Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia.'' 3rd. Ed. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. p. 95. formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill IslandsVery often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago, the northern half being designated as the Scarborough Islands. ''Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary''. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam Webster, 1997. p. 594) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii. They constitute the main part of the country of Kiribati (the name of which is a rendering of "Gilberts" in the phonology of the indigenous Gilbertese language, Gilbertese). Geography The atolls and islands of the Gilbert Islands lie in an approximate north-to-south line. The northernmost island in the group, Makin (atoll), Makin, it is approximately from southernmost, Arorae, as the crow flies. Geographi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocean (1794 Ship)
''Ocean'' was an English merchant ship and whaler built in 1794, at South Shields, England. She performed two voyages as an "extra" ship for the British East India Company (EIC) and later, in 1803, she accompanied HMS Calcutta (1795), HMS ''Calcutta'' to History of Victoria#1803 British settlement, Port Phillip. The vessels supported the establishment of a settlement under the leadership of David Collins (lieutenant governor), Lt Col David Collins. ''Calcutta'' transported convicts, with ''Ocean'' serving to transport supplies. When the settlers abandoned Port Phillip, ''Ocean'', in two journeys, relocated the settlers, convicts and marines to the River Derwent (Hobart Town) in 1804. ''Ocean'' continued to sail as a London-based transport until 1823. Description ''Ocean'' was a three-masted, copper sheathing, copper-sheathed brig. She was built in 1794 at South Shields. Originally, ''Ocean'' was to be a whaler owned by the newly operating South Sea fishers, Thomas and Edward H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makatea
Makatea, or Mangaia-te-vai-tamae, is a raised coral atoll in the northwestern part of the Tuamotus, which is a part of the French overseas collectivity of French Polynesia. It is located southwest from Rangiroa to the west of the Palliser Islands, Palliser group, which also is in French Polynesia. Makatea is surrounded by spectacular cliffs, rising to a plateau above sea level. This island is long, with a maximum width of in the south. It is in area. Makatea is one of only four islands of the Tuamotus, Tuamotu Archipelago (along with filled atolls Nukutavake, Tikei, and Tepoto (North), Tepoto Nord) that do not take the form of a typical atoll. History Makatea is one of the only Paumotuan islands with Drinking water, potable water. Its native name derived from the drinking water being brought out of its dark caves by the local people. "Mā," pure, clear; used here to mean water, "Atea," light of day and "K" for euphony. The other name of the Island was Mangaia-te-vai-tamāe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Western Pacific Territories
The British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) was a colonial entity created in 1877 for the administration of a series of Pacific islands in Oceania under a single representative of the British Crown, styled the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific. Except for Fiji and the Solomon Islands, most of these colonial possessions were relatively minor. History The Pacific Islanders Protection Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 51), then later, the Foreign Jurisdiction Act 1890 (53 & 54 Vict. c. 37), provided for jurisdiction over British subjects in the Pacific. In 1877 the position of Western Pacific High Commissioner was formalised by the Western Pacific Order in Council 1877 by the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Article 12 established the Chief Justice of Fiji as the Chief Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific. The Order in Council created the colonial entity – the British Western Pacific Territories – and granted the authority to manage the engagement of in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbertese Language
Gilbertese (), also known as Kiribati (sometimes ''Kiribatese'' or ''Tungaru''), is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Kiribati. It belongs to the Micronesian branch of the Oceanic languages. The word ''Kiribati'', the current name of the islands, is the local adaptation of the European name "Gilberts" to Gilbertese phonology. Early European visitors, including Commodore John Byron, whose ships happened on Nikunau in 1765, had named some of the islands the Kingsmill or Kings Mill Islands or for the Northern group ''les îles Mulgrave'' in French but in 1820 they were renamed, in French, ''les îles Gilbert'' by Admiral Adam Johann von Krusenstern, after Captain Thomas Gilbert, who, along with Captain John Marshall, had passed through some of these islands in 1788. Frequenting of the islands by Europeans, Americans and Chinese dates from whaling and oil trading from the 1820s, when no doubt Europeans learnt to speak it, as Gilbertese learnt to speak English and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocean Island Railway
The Ocean Island Railway (later Banaba Island Railway) was a -long phosphate mining railway on Ocean Island (later renamed Banaba Island). It had an initial gauge of . After 1937, the gauge was widened to and, finally, to .Thomas Kautzor''Feldbahnen in Ozeanien (Nauru).''18 January 2015. Route The track ran along the coast from the northern guano mining areas, through the European Settlement ( English:Tabwewa, French: Tapiwa) and the Native Labour Quarters (Tabiang, Tapiang) to the depot and Boat Harbour (Uma, Ooma). Operation Initially, steam locomotives manufactured by Orenstein & Koppel Orenstein & Koppel (normally abbreviated to "O&K") was a major German engineering company specialising in railway vehicles, escalators, and heavy equipment. It was founded on April 1, 1876, in Berlin by Benno Orenstein and Arthur Koppel. Ori ... (O&K), and a saddle tank locomotive manufactured by Bagnall, were used. One O&K locomotive was named ''Florence'', one had the number 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
