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Balwyn, Victoria
Balwyn () is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Balwyn recorded a population of 13,495 at the 2021 census. Whitehorse Road runs east–west along the ridgeline through the centre of Balwyn. Balwyn Road runs north–south from Koonung Creek Reserve (adjacent to the Eastern Freeway) to Canterbury Road. The south western part of Balwyn was excised as the city of Deepdene in 2010. Balwyn is one of Victoria's most exclusive and affluent suburbs, regularly ranking in the state's top 10 most expensive suburbs. History The formally recognised traditional owners for the area in which Balwyn is located are the Wurundjeri People, who lived on the land for at least 14,000 years. The Wurundjeri People are represented by the Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung Cultural Heritage Aboriginal Corporation. Following the Foundation of Melbourne, Balwyn was part of Henry Elgar's Sp ...
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Electoral District Of Kew
The electoral district of Kew is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. Located in eastern Melbourne, a few kilometres from the city centre, it is centred on the suburbs of Kew and Kew East. It also contains Balwyn, Balwyn North, Deepdene, and parts of Canterbury, Mont Albert, and Surrey Hills. The current member for Kew is Jess Wilson. The seat is located almost entirely within the federal seat of Kooyong. Geography The boundaries of the Victorian electoral districts and regions, including Kew, are determined by the independent and impartial Electoral Boundaries Commission. Redivisions typically occur when there have been two state elections since the last redivision. As of the 2022 Victorian state election, Kew follows the Yarra River along the north and west, follows Winfield Rd, Evelina St, Kerry Pde, Barloa Rd, and York St on the east, and follows Mont Albert Rd and Barkers Rd with the boundary extending down into Canterbury Rd between Balwyn R ...
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Koonung Creek Reserve
Koonung Creek Reserve is a linear park in the suburb of Balwyn North, Melbourne, Australia. It follows the path of the Eastern Freeway (Melbourne), Eastern Freeway from Bulleen Road in the west to Doncaster Road to the east. History The area has been green open space since before European settlement, being situated in a valley near the Yarra River. It was not formally declared as parkland as late as 1966, and its exact date of proclamation is unknown. It remained relatively unaffected by suburban development in its immediate vicinity until the construction of the second stage of the Eastern Freeway in 1982. To provide some compensation for the significant loss of green space by the construction of the freeway, the Country Roads Board and the affected municipalities of City of Camberwell, Camberwell and City of Doncaster & Templestowe, Doncaster & Templestowe planted over 12,000 trees, primarily on the North Balwyn side of the freeway. The works also included undergrounding Koo ...
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Palace Cinemas (Australia)
Palace Cinemas is the fifth largest major cinema chain in Australia, with various locations in CBD and inner suburban areas of most capital cities. Palace Cinemas currently comprises 24 cinemas with 180 screens and more than 550 staff. Its head office is based in the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra, close to its Cinema Como flagship. In 2015, the chain saved The Astor Theatre which remains the southern hemisphere's oldest continuously running single screen theatre. Palace Cinemas The Palace Cinema chain operates in most states, except Tasmania and the Northern Territory. They exhibit films of either a mainstream, classic or an arthouse type, but the cinemas are usually focused on one film type or the other. The mainstream cinemas usually have several auditoriums that are fitted for projecting RealD 3D films, but unlike other major chains this is only on one or two dedicated screens. Initially Palace used Dolby 3D for several years before converting to the cheaper 3D format. Due to ...
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Palace Balwyn
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word is derived from the Latin name palātium, for Palatine Hill in Rome which housed the Imperial residences. Most European languages have a version of the term (''palais'', ''palazzo'', ''palacio'', etc.), and many use it for a wider range of buildings than English. In many parts of Europe, the equivalent term is also applied to large private houses in cities, especially of the aristocracy; often the term for a large country house is different. Many historic palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels, or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavishly ornate building used for public entertainment or exhibitions such as a movie palace. A palace is distinguished from a castle while the latter clearly is fortified or has the style of a fortification, whereas a pa ...
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Trams In Melbourne
Trams are a major form of public transport in Melbourne, the capital city of the state of Victoria, Australia. As of May 2017, the Melbourne tramway network consists of of double track, 493 trams, 24 routes, and 1,763 tram stops. The system is the largest operational urban tram network in the world. Trams are the second most used form of public transport in overall boardings in Melbourne after the commuter railway network, with a total of 206 million passenger trips in 2017–18. Trams have operated continuously in Melbourne since 1885 (the horse tram line in Fairfield opened in 1884, but was at best an irregular service). Since then they have become a distinctive part of Melbourne's character and feature in tourism and travel advertising. Melbourne's cable tram system opened in 1885, and expanded to one of the largest in the world, with of double track. The first electric tram line opened in 1889, but closed only a few years later in 1896. In 1906 electric tram syste ...
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Deepdene Railway Station, Melbourne
Deepdene was a railway station on the Outer Circle railway line, located in the suburb of Balwyn, Melbourne, Australia. Located between Abercrombie Street and Whitehorse Road, it was opened on 24 March 1891, along with the line though it, and was named after the adjacent Deepdene House. There was a crossing loop on the single track, with two side platforms. A station building was situated on the east platform. The loop was removed after the initial closure, but replaced on reopening. For a time, the station was also open for goods. Deepedene station was first closed, along with the line, on 12 April 1893. However, it reopened on 14 May 1900, becoming the terminus of the reopened section of the Outer Circle line from Riversdale station. It was served by what became known, ironically, as the ''Deepdene Dasher'', a shuttle service from Riversdale, consisting of one or two "American-style" carriages hauled by a steam locomotive. The line was reopened beyond Deepdene on 11 February ...
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Outer Circle Railway Line
The Outer Circle Railway was opened in stages in 1890 and 1891, as a steam-era suburban railway line, in Melbourne, Australia. It traversed much of the modern City of Boroondara, including the suburbs of (from north to south) Kew East, Camberwell, Burwood, Ashburton, and Malvern East. At its longest, it ran from Fairfield station, on what is today the Hurstbridge line, to Oakleigh station, on the current Pakenham and Cranbourne lines. History The Outer Circle railway was first advocated in 1867, by a group known as the Upper Yarra Railway League, who suggested that the Gippsland Railway could be brought into Melbourne via the outer suburbs. However, the term itself was coined in 1873 by Engineer-in-Chief of the Victorian Railways, Thomas Higinbotham, who suggested an "outer circle route". Construction of the Gippsland line was authorised in 1873, but the line, which was to be operated by the Victorian Railways, could not be brought into Melbourne by the direct route use ...
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Josh Frydenberg
Joshua Anthony Frydenberg () (born 17 July 1971) is an Australian former politician who served as the treasurer of Australia and deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 2018 to 2022. He also served as a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Kooyong from 2010 to 2022. After leaving university, Frydenberg served as an adviser to Prime Minister John Howard and Foreign Minister Alexander Downer during the Howard Government. He also worked for Deutsche Bank until his election to the Australian House of Representatives at the 2010 federal election. Quickly appointed to the frontbench, he went on to serve in several ministerial roles during the Abbott and Turnbull governments from 2013 to 2018, including as Minister for Resources and Minister for the Environment and Energy. In August 2018, he was elected as deputy leader of the Liberal Party following a leadership spill, which saw Scott Morrison elected as leader and prime minister. Morrison subsequently appointed Frydenbe ...
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Fintona Girls' School
Fintona Girls' School is a small, independent, non-denominational, day school for girls, located in Balwyn, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Established in 1896, Fintona is a non-selective school and currently caters for approximately 600 students from the Early Learning Centre (ELC) to Year 12. Fintona is a member of Girls Sport Victoria (GSV),Girls Sport Victoria: Member Schools
(accessed:10-08-2007)
the Alliance of Girls Schools Australia (AGSA),The Alliance of Girls Schools Australasia: Member Schools
(accessed:10-08-2007)
the

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Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic ( gd, Gàidhlig ), also known as Scots Gaelic and Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names. In the 2011 census of Scotland, 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over 3 years old) reported being able to speak Gaelic, 1,275 fewer than in 2001. The highest percentages of Gaelic speakers were in the Outer Hebrides. Nevertheless, there is a language revival, and the number of speakers of the language under age 20 did not decrease between the 2001 and ...
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The Argus (Australia)
''The Argus'' was an Australian daily morning newspaper in Melbourne from 2 June 1846 to 19 January 1957, and was considered to be the general Australian newspaper of record for this period. Widely known as a conservative newspaper for most of its history, it adopted a Left-wing politics, left-leaning approach from 1949. ''The Argus''s main competitor was David Syme's more liberal-minded newspaper, ''The Age''. History The newspaper was originally owned by William Kerr, who was also Melbourne's town clerk from 1851–1856 and had been a journalist at the ''Sydney Gazette'' before moving to Melbourne in 1839 to work on John Pascoe Fawkner's newspaper, the ''Port Phillip Patriot''. The first edition was published on 2 June 1846. The paper soon became known for its scurrilous abuse and sarcasm, and by 1853, after he had lost a series of libel lawsuits, Kerr was forced to sell the paper's ownership to avoid financial ruin. The paper was then published by Edward Wilson (journali ...
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Andrew Murray (journalist)
Andrew Murray (1813–1880) was an Australian journalist. Andrew Murray was born in Scotland, and educated at the Andersonian University in Glasgow, winning prizes as an essayist. He emigrated to Adelaide in 1839, and founded a drapery business in Hindley Street (at that time Adelaide's foremost shopping precinct) with George Greig as Murray, Greig, & Co. Murray married Jessie Spence, sister of Catherine Helen Spence, in 1841. In 1841, the business failed, and Murray was able to find employment as a journalist with the ''Southern Australian'', the second newspaper to be established in South Australia. In 1844, he purchased the ''Southern Australian'' from the proprietor, Richard Blackham, and was its editor and proprietor till the exodus of workers to the gold-fields of Victoria severely strained South Australia's economy, and the ''South Australian'', as Murray had renamed it, reverted from bi-weekly to weekly, then in July 1851 was forced to fold. He was responsible for p ...
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