|
Bakery Token
A bakery token is a form of commercial token sold by and used in bakeries in the United States and postconfederation Canada primarily in the late 19th and early 20th century. The tokens, usually made of brass, copper or aluminum, were given in lieu of change as a way of encouraging customers to return to the store. They were also given to suppliers in smaller locations as partial payments. They came in denominations of 1/2, 1, and 2 loaf. These tokens are similar to those used in pre-Revolutionary Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ... as well as the méreau used in France during late the Middle Ages and Reformation. References {{Reflist Token coins Exonumia Breads ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Washington University In St
Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered on Washington, D.C. * George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732, 1799) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of th ... (1732–1799), the first president of the United States Washington may also refer to: Places England * Washington, Tyne and Wear, a town in the City of Sunderland metropolitan borough ** Washington Old Hall, ancestral home of the family of George Washington * Washington, West Sussex, a village and civil parish Greenland * Cape Washington, Greenland * Washington Land Philippines *New Washington, Aklan, a municipality *Washington, a barangay in Catar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Currency In Pre-revolutionary Russia
In Russia, from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century limited means of payment got rather widespread among private individuals - owners of commercial firms, shop owners, owners of profitable outlets at clubs. Sometimes the use of surrogate money resulted in a temporary shortage of state paper bills of small denominations and small coins in some region of the country. But most often the initiators of such unofficial emissions were the desire to get a more concrete economic benefit, for example, when bons that were paid instead of usual wage went then to purchase goods in a trade points organized by the same entrepreneurs. All sorts of public organizations and clubs - class, national, professional, regimental-officer, charitable, hunting-sports and others - functioned actively, they had their buffets and canteens, organized some kind of activity. And in all the places listed, the surrogate local money of its own release was used, usually collectively referred to as " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Méreau (token)
Méreau (plural: ''méreaux''; obsolete spelling: ''merel, merelles, marelles, mereaulx'') was a token, most often made of metal but sometimes leather or parchment, used in France during the Late Middle Ages and Reformation. Its name goes back to la, merere, "to deserve". Méreaux emerged in churches as tokens that entitled clergy to receive certain amount of bread or other food in substantial amounts (part of which was supposed to be later distributed among the poor). In the 15th century there were méreaux of high denominations: 5, 20, 30 and 45 deniers, and priests could exchange them for real coins. Méreaux are similar to Notgeld by their function. Later on méreaux came into use by medieval guilds and professional corporations until their decline at the end of the 18th century. After abolition of the Edict of Nantes The Edict of Nantes () was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Token Coins
In numismatics, token coins or trade tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of token coins is part of exonumia and token coins are token money. Their denomination is shown or implied by size, color or shape. They are often made of cheaper metals like copper, pewter, aluminium, brass and tin, or non-metals like bakelite, leather and porcelain. A legal tender coin is issued by a governmental authority and is freely exchangeable for goods. A token coin is less useful and issued by a private entity. Trade or barter Coin-like objects from the Roman Empire called have been interpreted as an early form of token. Their functions are not documented, but they appear to have been brothel tokens or possibly gaming tokens. Medieval English monasteries issued tokens to pay for services from outsiders. These tokens circulated in nearby villages, where they were called "Abbot's money". Also, counters called jetons were used as small change without official blessing. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exonumia
Exonumia are numismatic items (such as tokens, medals, or scrip) other than coins and paper money. This includes "Good For" tokens, badges, counterstamped coins, elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, wooden nickels and other similar items. It is related to numismatics (concerned with coins which have been legal tender), and many coin collectors are also exonumists. Besides the above strict definition, others extend it to include non-coins which may or may not be legal tenders such as cheques, credit cards and similar paper. These can also be considered notaphily or scripophily. Etymology The noun ''exonumia'' is derived from two classical roots: ''exo'', meaning "out-of" in Greek, and ''nummus'', meaning "coin" in Latin (from Greek νοῦμμος – ''noummos'', "coin"); thus, "out ideof- he categoryoins". Usually, the term "exonumia" is applied to these objects in the United States, while the equivalent British term is paranumismatica. The words ''ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
