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Bajadda
Bājaddā was a small town in the Balikh River valley inhabited during the early Islamic period. It is identified with the present-day Khirbat al-Anbār, located a few kilometers south of the contemporary town of Hisn Maslama. The site measures 800x700 m in size and consists of a low mound with a flat top, which suggests that there was only one main building phase. It has not been explored by archaeologists; the only monument visible from the surface is a large dome that may cover an underground cistern or well. The name "Bajadda" is Syriac, probably indicating a local Syriac-speaking population. The town was the place of origin of the Banu Taymiyya family of Hanbali scholars. According to Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi, who visited the Balikh valley in 884-5, Bajadda had originally formed part of the Umayyad general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik's landed estates in the region. Maslama then granted it to a lieutenant of his, Usayd al-Sulamī, who built the small town up and forti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hisn Maslama
Ḥiṣn Maslama ("the fort of Maslama") was a small city in the upper Balikh River valley that was inhabited during the early Islamic period. It was located at the present-day ruin site of Madīnat al-Fār, located 6 km east of the Balikh river near its junction with the Wadi Hamar. The site consists of a northern enclosure and a southern extension. Originally founded as a rural estate by the Umayyad general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik in the 700s, it expanded significantly during the Abbasid period and grew into a small city. No coins from Maslama's lifetime have been found at Hisn Maslama – he died in 738, and the earliest coin finds are from the 740s. This is probably because Hisn Maslama was then a self-sufficient rural estate that had no need for local markets and therefore coins. Hisn Maslama itself was probably the administrative center of Maslama's rural estates in the region, and when he retired from military service in 732 he probably came here. The nearby small town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maslama Ibn Abd Al-Malik
Maslama ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ( ar, مسلمة بن عبد الملك, in Greek sources , ''Masalmas''; – 24 December 738) was an Umayyad prince and one of the most prominent Arab generals of the early decades of the 8th century, leading several campaigns against the Byzantine Empire and the Khazar Khaganate. He achieved great fame especially for leading the second and last Arab siege of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. He launched his military career leading the annual summer raids against the Byzantines in Anatolia. By 709, he was governor over Qinnasrin (northern Syria), the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), Armenia, and Adharbayjan, giving him control over the Caliphate's northern frontier. From this position, he launched the first Arab expeditions against the Khazars across the Caucasus. Maslama's brother, Caliph Sulayman, appointed him to lead the campaign to capture Constantinople in 715, but it ended in disaster for the Arabs and he was ordered to withdraw by Sulayman' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asid Ibn Zafir Al-Sulami
Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami was a Jaziran general of the Umayyad Caliphate who fought in Transcaucasia under Muhammad ibn Marwan and his son, Marwan ibn Muhammad, in the early 8th century. His origin is unknown, but his descendants remained important in the region for long after. This his son Yazid and his grandsons, Khalid and Ahmad, served as governors of '' Arminiya''. See also *Bajadda Bājaddā was a small town in the Balikh River valley inhabited during the early Islamic period. It is identified with the present-day Khirbat al-Anbār, located a few kilometers south of the contemporary town of Hisn Maslama. The site measures 800x ... Sources * 8th-century deaths Generals of the Abbasid Caliphate Arminiya Umayyad people of the Arab–Khazar wars Year of birth unknown 8th-century Arabs Banu Sulaym {{Armenia-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tall Mahra
Tall Maḥrā was a small city of the central Balikh River valley, in what is now northern Syria, inhabited from the Hellenistic period until about the 13th century. It is identified with the 21-hectare tell now called Tall Shaykh Hasan, also romanized as Tell Sheikh Hasan. Karin Bartl did a survey of the site's ceramics in the 1990s, and the Syrian Antiquities Service also conducted excavations here by digging a few test trenches. Tall Mahra peaked under the Abbasid Caliphate, when it was the main town between Raqqa and Hisn Maslama on the way to Harran. It is best known as the birthplace of Dionysius I Telmaharoyo, the 9th-century Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. The oldest pottery fragments found at Tall Mahra date from the Hellenistic period. Later, it formed a Christian settlement under the Byzantine Empire. The Late Roman/Byzantine settlement (from the 3rd/4th until 7th centuries) covered perhaps 7 ha. The only remains found from this period were two mud-brick walls, cov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Jarud
al-Jārūd was a small city in the Wadi Hamar area, about 40 km east of the Balikh River in present-day Syria, inhabited during the 9th century. It is identified with Kharāb Sayyār, a ruin site covering 42 hectares and consisting of a square-shaped town surrounded by a system of walls and ditches. At its peak during the mid-9th century, al-Jarud was a minor regional center in the middle of "a flourishing agricultural landscape" on the fertile Wadi Hamar, with at least 60 contemporary settlements identified within a 13 km radius. History Excavator Jan-Waalke Meyer originally proposed that occupation at the site began during the Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad period, perhaps in the 730s or 740s, but has since revised her chronology of the site to exclude an Umayyad and early Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid phase at al-Jarud. In any case, according to Stefan Heidemann, al-Jarud was only built "to any significant extent" in the middle of the 9th century. At this point, the Abbasid ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajarwan (Syria)
Bājarwān was a small town or village in the Balikh River valley inhabited during the early Islamic period, located between Raqqa and Tall Mahra. It is attested in textual sources until the 10th century and probably peaked during the early Abbasid period, in the late 8th/early 9th centuries. Karin Bartl has identified it with the present-day sites of Tall Dāmir al-Sharqī and Tall Dāmir al-Gharbī on opposite sides of the river. Neither one has been explored by archaeologists. See also *Hisn Maslama * Tall Mahra *al-Jarud *Bajadda Bājaddā was a small town in the Balikh River valley inhabited during the early Islamic period. It is identified with the present-day Khirbat al-Anbār, located a few kilometers south of the contemporary town of Hisn Maslama. The site measures 800x ... References {{coord missing, Syria Former populated places in Syria Syria under the Abbasid Caliphate Medieval Upper Mesopotamia Archaeological sites in Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balikh River
The Balikh River ( ar, نهر البليخ) is a perennial river that originates in the spring of Ain al-Arous near Tell Abyad in the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests ecoregion. It flows due south and joins the Euphrates at the modern city of Raqqa. The Balikh is the second largest tributary to the Euphrates in Syria, after the Khabur River. It is an important source of water and large sections have recently been subjected to canalization. Geography The primary source of the Balikh River is the karstic spring of Ain al-Arous, just south of the Syria–Turkey border. Additionally, the Balikh receives water from a number of periodical streams and wadis that drain the Harran Plain to the north, as well as the plains to the west and east of the river valley. These streams are the Jullab, the Wadi Qaramogh, and the Wadi al-Kheder. A few kilometres south of Ain al-Arous, the Balikh is joined by the channel of the Jullab. This small river rises from sprin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistern
A cistern (Middle English ', from Latin ', from ', "box", from Greek ', "basket") is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. Cisterns are distinguished from wells by their waterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few litres to thousands of cubic metres, effectively forming covered reservoirs. Origins Early domestic and agricultural use Waterproof lime plaster cisterns in the floors of houses are features of Neolithic village sites of the Levant at, for instance, Ramad and Lebwe, and by the late fourth millennium BC, as at Jawa in northeastern Lebanon, cisterns are essential elements of emerging water management techniques in dry-land farming communities. The Ancient Roman impluvium, a standard feature of the domus house, generally had a cistern underneath. The impluvium and associated structures collected, filtered, cooled, and stored the water, and also cooled and ventilated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syriac Language
The Syriac language (; syc, / '), also known as Syriac Aramaic (''Syrian Aramaic'', ''Syro-Aramaic'') and Classical Syriac ܠܫܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (in its literary and liturgical form), is an Aramaic language, Aramaic dialect that emerged during the first century AD from a local Aramaic dialect that was spoken by Arameans in the ancient Aramean kingdom of Osroene, centered in the city of Edessa. During the Early Christian period, it became the main literary language of various Aramaic-speaking Christian communities in the historical region of Syria (region), Ancient Syria and throughout the Near East. As a liturgical language of Syriac Christianity, it gained a prominent role among Eastern Christian communities that used both Eastern Syriac Rite, Eastern Syriac and Western Syriac Rite, Western Syriac rites. Following the spread of Syriac Christianity, it also became a liturgical language of eastern Christian communities as far as India (East Syriac ecclesiastical province), India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Taymiyya
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Banu or BANU may refer to: * Banu (name) * Banu (Arabic), Arabic word for "the sons of" or "children of" * Banu (makeup artist), an Indian makeup artist * Banu Chichek, a character in the ''Book of Dede Korkut'' * Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, a political party Places * Banu, Iran (other), various places in Iran * Bannu or Banū City, in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan * Banu, a village in the commune of Dumești, Iași, Romania * Banú, a village in County Wexford, Ireland See also * * Bangu (other) * Banhu, Chinese musical instrument * Bannu (other) *Banou, Burkina Faso *Bhanu (other) * Bianhu *Bonu (other) Benow or Bonu ( fa, بنو, link=no) may refer to various places in Iran: * Benow, Lamerd Benow ( fa, بنو) is a village in Kal Rural District, Eshkanan District, Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanbali
The Hanbali school ( ar, ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنۢبَلِي, al-maḏhab al-ḥanbalī) is one of the four major traditional Sunni schools (''madhahib'') of Islamic jurisprudence. It is named after the Arab scholar Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 855), and was institutionalized by his students. The Hanbali madhhab is the smallest of four major Sunni schools, the others being the Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi`i. The Hanbali school derives ''sharia'' primarily from the ''Qur'an'', the ''Hadiths'' (sayings and customs of Muhammad), and the views of Sahabah (Muhammad's companions). In cases where there is no clear answer in sacred texts of Islam, the Hanbali school does not accept ''istihsan'' (jurist discretion) or '''urf'' (customs of a community) as a sound basis to derive Islamic law, a method that Hanafi and Maliki Sunni '' madh'habs'' accept. Hanbali school is the strict traditionalist school of jurisprudence in Sunni Islam. It is found primarily in the countries of Saudi Arabia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Al-Tayyib Al-Sarakhsi
Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi ( fa, أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي; died 899 CE) was a Persian traveler, historian and philosopher from the city of Sarakhs. He was a pupil of al-Kindi. Al-Sarakhsi was killed by Caliph al-Mu'tadid because, according to an anecdote preserved in Yaqut al-Hamawi's ''Mu'jam al-Udaba, he had urged the caliph towards apostasy. Al-Biruni Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973 – after 1050) commonly known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian in scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously the "founder of Indology", "Father of Co ... reports in his ''Chronology'' that al-Sarakhsi had written books in which he denounced prophecy and ridiculed the prophets, whom he styled charlatans. However, Rosenthal has disputed the historicity of the stories that claim al-Sarakhsi was executed for heretical beliefs. References {{Authority control 899 deaths Islamic philosophers Arabic commentators o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
