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Bab El-Khemis (Meknes)
Bab el-Khemis ( ar, باب الخميس, lit=gate of Thursday, translit=''Bāb al-Ḫamīs'') is a historical city gate in the west of the old town (medina) of Meknes, Morocco. Name The name of the gate (or the ''Bab'') is spelled in different ways such as ''El Khemiss'' or ''Lakhmis.'' The literal meaning of the name is the Thursday door or gate in Arabic, in reference to the weekly market or souk, held on a Thursday, which is accessible using the gate. Such reference is commonly used to refer to city gates in other Moroccan towns such as Bab el-Khemis in Marrakesh. History The city gate was completed in 1686 or 1687 during the reign of Alaouite Sultan Moulay Ismail who ruled between 1672 and 1727. It was once the main entrance to the Jewish quarter or Mellah and the western entrance to the City of the Garden of Amber, Madinat Ar-Riad Al Anbari, which housed the Oudaya's army and the members of the Ismail's court. The Mellah was razed in 1729 by Moulay Abdallah, the so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Moulay Ismail
Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif ( ar, مولاي إسماعيل بن الشريف), born around 1645 in Sijilmassa and died on 22 March 1727 at Meknes, was a Sultan of Morocco from 1672–1727, as the second ruler of the Alaouite dynasty. He was the seventh son of Moulay Sharif and was governor of the province of Fez and the north of Morocco from 1667 until the death of his half-brother, Sultan Moulay Rashid in 1672. He was proclaimed sultan at Fez, but spent several years in conflict with his nephew Moulay Ahmed ben Mehrez, who also claimed the throne, until the latter's death in 1687. Moulay Ismail's 55-year reign is the longest of any sultan of Morocco. The reign of Moulay Ismail marked a high watermark for Moroccan power. His military successes are explained by the creation of a strong army, originally relying on the 'Guichs' (especially the Udaya) and on the Black Guard (or Abid al-Bukhari), black slaves who were totally devoted to him. As a result, the central power could be l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bab Mansur Al-'Alj
Bab Mansur al-'Alj or Bab Mansour (also variously spelled as Bab Mansour al-'Ilj, Bab Mansour al-Eulj, Bab el-Mansour, Bab Mansur, etc.) is a monumental gate in the city of Meknes, Morocco. Located on the south side of ''Place el-Hedim'' (el-Hedim Square) in the old city, it was originally the main ceremonial entrance to the Kasbah (royal citadel) of Sultan Moulay Isma'il, built in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Today it is one of the most famous and admired landmarks in the city. History Begun in the later years of Moulay Isma'il's reign, the gate was finished in 1732 by his son Moulay Abdallah. The gate's purpose was more ceremonial than defensive, aiming to impress visitors. Its name comes from the architect and designer of the gate, Mansour al-'Alj (the "Victorious Apostate"), a former Christian slave who converted to Islam. Another ornate gate, Bab Jama' en-Nouar, also stands a short distance to the southwest along the same wall. It has similar decoration to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijri Year
The Hijri year ( ar, سَنة هِجْريّة) or era ( ''at-taqwīm al-hijrī'') is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina). This event, known as the Hijrah, is commemorated in Islam for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community (''ummah''). In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as AH ( la, Anno Hegirae , 'in the year of the Hijra') in parallel with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish eras (AM) and can similarly be placed before or after the date. In predominantly Muslim countries, it is also commonly abbreviated H ("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation '' hāʾ'' (). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijrah"), which should follow the date. A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently its New Year's Day occurs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bab El-Bardayin
Bab al-Barda'in or Bab Berdaïne is the northern gate of the historic ''medina'' of Meknes, Morocco. History Bab al-Barda'in existed as one of the original gates of the 11th-century city fortified by the Almoravids. This original medieval gate is partly preserved to the south of the present-day gate.El Khammar, Abdeltif (2005). "Mosquées et oratoires de Meknès (IXe-XVIIIe siècle) : géographie religieuse, architecture et problème de la Qibla". PhD Thesis. Université Lumière-Lyon 2. The current gate at the northern end of the medina was built under the Alaouite sultan Moulay Isma'il (ruled 1672–1727). Isma'il made Meknes his capital and refortified the city while building a new imperial palace complex to the southeast. According to Ibn Zaydan the new gate was completed in 1695, though other sources cite 1687 1720 as the completion date. Around the same period, the nearby Bab al-Barda'in Mosque, named after the gate, was completed in 1709. Moulay Isma'il also built a pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdallah Of Morocco
Moulay Abdallah (1694 – 10 November 1757) ( ar, مولاي عبدالله بن إسماعيل ) was the Sultan of Morocco six times between 1729 and 1757. He ascended the throne in the years 1729–1734, 1736, 1740–1741, 1741–1742, 1743–1747 and 1748–1757. He was a son of Sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif. Life He was born in 1694 to Sultan Moulay Ismail and one of his wives Lalla Khanatha bint Bakkar. He ascended the throne numerous times, fighting his half-brothers. He was first proclaimed sultan after the death of his half-brother Sultan Moulay Ahmad on 5 March 1729. The Abids, the Udayas, all the caids gathered and agreed to proclaim him the new sultan of Morocco. They sent a troop of horsemen to fetch for him in Sijilmasa where he resided. At the same time, they wrote to the Ulemas of Fez inviting them to pledge the Bay'ah to Moulay Abdallah, which they agreed to. Moulay Abdallah favorable of his proclamation traveled to Fez for his Bay'ah which was planned to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guich
''Guich'' tribes, ''Gish'' tribes, or ''Jaysh'' tribes ( jaysh, literally "Army"), or sometimes ''Makhzen'' tribes, were tribes of Arab origin organized by the sultans of Moroccan dynasties to serve as troops and military garrisons, as well as to protect the outskirts of the capital and suppress rebellions. They were usually cantoned in their own lands and maintained a state of perpetual military mobilization. The contingents were formed in order to be loyal to the sultan only instead of to other local interests, but they often maintained a coherent group identity long after the death of the sultan and were sometimes the source of political instability. The historical ''guich'' system took shape primarily under the reign of the 'Alawid sultan Mawlay Isma'il, although variations of similar military organisations were used by prior rulers and dynasties. The major historical ''guich'' tribes were the Cheraga, the Udayas, the Cherarda, and the Bwakher. The ''guich'' constituted one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mellah
A ''mellah'' ( or 'saline area'; and he, מלאח) is a Jewish quarter of a city in Morocco. Starting in the 15th century and especially since the beginning of the 19th century, Jewish communities in Morocco were constrained to live in ''mellah'' districts in many Moroccan cities. The name ''mellah'' derives from a local toponym in Fez which became the name of the first separate Jewish district in Morocco (the Mellah of Fez) created in that city during the 15th century. In cities, a ''mellah'' was often surrounded by a wall with a fortified gateway. Usually, the Jewish quarter was situated near the royal palace or the residence of the governor, in order to protect its inhabitants from recurring riots since its inhabitants played a vital role in the local economy. In contrast, rural ''mellahs'' were separate villages inhabited solely by the Jews. History Origins of the first ''Mellah'' in Fez (15th century) The first ''Mellah'' of Morocco was created in the city of Fez. Fez had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaouite Dynasty
The Alawi dynasty ( ar, سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, translit=sulālat al-ʿalawiyyīn al-fīlāliyyīn) – also rendered in English as Alaouite, Alawid, or Alawite – is the current Morocco, Moroccan royal family and reigning dynasty. They are an Arab Sharifism, sharifian dynasty and claim descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson, Hasan ibn Ali. Their ancestors originally migrated to the Tafilalt region, in present-day Morocco, from Yanbu on the coast of the Hejaz in the 12th or 13th century. The dynasty rose to power in the 17th century, beginning with Sharif ibn Ali, Mawlay al-Sharif who was declared sultan of the Tafilalt in 1631. His son Al-Rashid of Morocco, Al-Rashid, ruling from 1664 to 1672, was able to unite and pacify the country after a long period of regional divisions caused by the weakening of the Saadi Dynasty. His brother Ismail Ibn Sharif, Isma'il presided over a period of strong central rule between 1672 and 1727, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meknes
Meknes ( ar, مكناس, maknās, ; ber, ⴰⵎⴽⵏⴰⵙ, amknas; french: Meknès) is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco, located in northern central Morocco and the sixth largest city by population in the kingdom. Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravids as a military settlement, Meknes became the capital of Morocco under the reign of Sultan Moulay Ismaïl (1672–1727), son of the founder of the Alaouite dynasty. Moulay Ismaïl created a massive imperial palace complex and endowed the city with extensive fortifications and monumental gates. The city recorded a population of 632,079 in the 2014 Moroccan census. It is the seat of Meknès Prefecture and an important economic pole in the region of Fès-Meknès. Etymology Meknes is named after a Berber tribe which, was known as ''Miknasa'' (native Berber name: Imeknasen) in the medieval North African documents. History Early history (8th–16th centuries) Volubilis, a major Roman-era settlement in Morocco and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marrakesh
Marrakesh or Marrakech ( or ; ar, مراكش, murrākuš, ; ber, ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, translit=mṛṛakc}) is the fourth largest city in the Kingdom of Morocco. It is one of the four Imperial cities of Morocco and is the capital of the Marrakesh-Safi region. The city is situated west of the foothills of the Atlas Mountains. Marrakesh is southwest of Tangier, southwest of the Moroccan capital of Rabat, south of Casablanca, and northeast of Agadir. The region has been inhabited by Berber farmers since Neolithic times. The city was founded in 1070 by Emir Abu Bakr ibn Umar as the imperial capital of the Almoravid Empire. The Almoravids established the first major structures in the city and shaped its layout for centuries to come. The red walls of the city, built by Ali ibn Yusuf in 1122–1123, and various buildings constructed in red sandstone afterwards, have given the city the nickname of the "Red City" ( ''Almadinat alhamra) or "Ochre City" (). Marrakesh grew rapidly an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bab El-Khemis (Marrakesh)
Bab el-Khemis () is the main northern gate of the medina (historic walled city) of Marrakesh, Morocco. Description The gate is located in the northern/northeastern corner of the city walls and dates back to around 1126 CE when the Almoravid emir Ali ibn Yusuf built the first walls of the city. It was originally known as Bab Fes ("Gate of Fes"), but this name was apparently lost during the Marinid era. The gate's current name (el-Khemis) refers to the souk or open-air market which historically took place here every Thursday (''al-Khamis'' in Arabic). Nowadays, the market continues almost all week right outside the gate, while a permanent flea market, ''Souk al-Khemis'', has been constructed a few hundred meters to the north. Also just outside the gate is a ''qubba'' (domed mausoleum) housing the tomb of a local marabout or Muslim saint. The gate's outer entrance is flanked on either side by square bastions. The gate's passage originally consisted of a bent entrance which eff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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