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Baalbek Stones
The Baalbek Stones are six massive Roman worked stone blocks in Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis), Lebanon, characterised by a megalithic gigantism unparallelled in antiquity. The smallest three are part of a podium wall in the Roman complex of the Temple of Jupiter Baal (Heliopolitan Zeus) on Tel Baalbek and are known as the "Trilithon". Each of these is estimated at about . The remaining three are Roman monoliths, not part of a larger structure, conventionally known as the "Stone of the Pregnant Woman" (estimated at 1,000 t), the "Stone of the South" (est. 1,242 t), and the "Forgotten Stone" (est. 1,650 t). These are, in reverse order, the first, third, and tied fifth largest known stones ever quarried in human history. They are believed to have been intended for the nearby Jupiter Baal complex, possibly as an addition to the Trilithon; but, perhaps due to their size, they were never removed from their quarry. They have not been used since their extraction in ancient times. Nume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Pierre Adam
Jean-Pierre Adam (born 24 November 1937 in Paris) is a French architect and archaeologist specialising in ancient architecture. Biography Adam was born in Paris. Following a special diploma from the School of Architecture in 1965, he entered the ancient architecture department of the CNRS. He produced several monumental studies in France and worldwide, and became director of the Office of Ancient Architecture of Paris, located in the north tower of the Castle of Vincennes. He has conducted various studies on architectural excavation sites of various Ancient Roman, Greek and Egyptian sites around the Mediterranean, including in Pompeii and in 1999 he published a book about Roman architecture entitled ''Roman Building: Materials and Techniques''. Previously, he had also excavated the Tomb of Akhethetep in Saqqarah along with Christiane Ziegler and Guillemette Andreu-Lanoë between 1991 and 1999, publishing their findings in a book. He has authored books on Greek architecture ''L' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoliths
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. For instance, Savandurga mountain is a monolith mountain in India. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often made of very hard and solid igneous or metamorphic rock. Some monoliths are volcanic plugs, solidified lava filling the vent of an extinct volcano. In architecture, the term has considerable overlap with megalith, which is normally used for prehistory, and may be used in the contexts of rock-cut architecture that remains attached to solid rock, as in monolithic church, or for exceptionally large stones such as obelisks, statues, monolithic columns or large architraves, that may have been moved a considerable distance after quarrying. It may also be used of large glacial erratics moved by natural forces. The word derives, via the Latin , from the Ancient Greek word (), from () meaning "one" or "single" and () meaning "stone". Geological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Sites In Lebanon
Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible Roman or Romans may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Romans (band), a Japanese pop group * ''Roman'' (album), by Sound Horizon, 2006 * ''Roman'' (EP), by Teen Top, 2011 *" Roman (My Dear Boy)", a 2004 single by Morning Musume Film and television *Film Roman, an American animation studio * ''Roman'' (film), a 2006 American suspense-horror film * ''Romans'' (2013 film), an Indian Malayalam comedy film * ''Romans'' (2017 film), a British drama film * ''The Romans'' (''Doctor Who''), a serial in British TV series People *Roman (given name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters *Roman (surname), including a list of people named Roman or Romans *Ῥωμα ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Roman Buildings And Structures In Lebanon
Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history to as far as late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient history covers all continents inhabited by humans in the period 3000 BCAD 500. The three-age system periodizes ancient history into the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, with recorded history generally considered to begin with the Bronze Age. The start and end of the three ages varies between world regions. In many regions the Bronze Age is generally considered to begin a few centuries prior to 3000 BC, while the end of the Iron Age varies from the early first millennium BC in some regions to the late first millennium AD in others. During the time period of ancient history, the world population was already exponentially increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution, which was in full progress. While in 10,000 BC, the world population stood at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ancient Architectural Records
This is the list of ancient architectural records consists of record-making architectural achievements of the Greco-Roman world from c. 800 BC to 600 AD. Bridges *The highest bridge over the water or ground was the single-arched Pont d'Aël which carried irrigation water for Aosta across a deep Alpine gorge. The height of its deck over the torrent below measures 66 m. *The largest bridge by span was the Trajan's Bridge over the lower Danube. Its twenty-one timber arches spanned 50 m each from centreline to centreline. *The largest pointed arch bridge by span was the Karamagara Bridge in Cappadocia with a clear span of 17 m. Constructed in the 5th or 6th century AD across a tributary of the Euphrates, the now submerged structure is one of the earliest known examples of pointed architecture in late antiquity, and may even be the oldest surviving pointed arch bridge. *The largest rivers to be spanned by solid bridges were the Danube and the Rhin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Stone
The Western Stone is a Monolithic architecture, monolithic stone ashlar block forming part of the lower level of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. This largest stone in the Western Wall is visible within the Western Wall Tunnel. It is one of List of largest monoliths in the world, the largest building blocks in the world. Dimensions Exposed face The stone's exposed face can be freely measured and is long and high, but its width, or depth, is hidden within the wall. Depth In June 2006, Harry M. Jol, from the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire, performed Ground-penetrating radar, GPR measurements to determine the depth of the stone. The conclusion of his team was that its depth ranges from approximately . Weight The resulting calculated weight of the stone block is of 250–300 tonnes.Harry M. Jol, Paul D. Bauman and Dan Bahat: ''Looking into the Western Wall, Jerusalem, Israel''. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2006), June 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Period
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire remained the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. The terms "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" were coined after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire, and to themselves as Romans—a term which Greeks continued to use for themselves into Ottoman times. Although the Roman state continued and its traditions were maintained, modern historians prefer to differentiate the Byzantine Empire from Ancient Rome a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilith
A trilithon or trilith is a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel). It is commonly used in the context of megalithic monuments. The most famous trilithons are those of Stonehenge in England. The word ''trilithon'' is derived from the Greek "having three stones" (τρι- ''tri-'' "three" + λίθος ''líthos'' "stone") and was first used in its modern archaelogical sense by William Stukeley. Other famous trilithons include those found in the Megalithic temples of Malta (which like Stonehenge are a UNESCO World Heritage Site), the Osireion in Egypt, and the Haʻamonga ʻa Maui in Tonga, Polynesia. The term is also used to describes the groups of three stones in the Hunebed tombs of the Netherlands. See also * Dolmen * Standing stone * Henge * Megalithic architectural elements This article describes several characteristic architectural elements typical of European megalithic (Stone Age) s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilithon Of Baalbek 3
A trilithon or trilith is a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel). It is commonly used in the context of megalithic monuments. The most famous trilithons are those of Stonehenge in England. The word ''trilithon'' is derived from the Greek "having three stones" (τρι- ''tri-'' "three" + λίθος ''líthos'' "stone") and was first used in its modern archaelogical sense by William Stukeley. Other famous trilithons include those found in the Megalithic temples of Malta (which like Stonehenge are a UNESCO World Heritage Site), the Osireion in Egypt, and the Haʻamonga ʻa Maui in Tonga, Polynesia. The term is also used to describes the groups of three stones in the Hunebed tombs of the Netherlands. See also * Dolmen * Standing stone * Henge * Megalithic architectural elements This article describes several characteristic architectural elements typical of European megalithic (Stone A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (german: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, ''DAI'') is a research institute in the field of archaeology (and other related fields). The DAI is a "federal agency" under the Federal Foreign Office of Germany. History Eduard Gerhard founded the institute. Upon his departure from Rome in 1832, the headquarters of the ''Instituto di corrispondenza archeologica'', as it was then named, was established in Berlin. Its predecessor institute was founded there by Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, Theodor Panofka and August Kestner in 1829. Hans-Joachim Gehrke was president of the institute from March 2008 to April 2011, and has been succeeded by Friederike Fless. Facilities The DAI currently has offices in cities including Madrid, Rome, Istanbul, Athens, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Tehran and Sana'a. The DAI's Romano-Germanic Commission (Römisch-Germanische Kommission) includes the world's largest library for prehistoric archaeology and is located in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megaliths In Baalbek Quarry 10200
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. There are over 35,000 in Europe alone, located widely from Sweden to the Mediterranean sea. The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from the Ancient Greek words "mega" for great and "lithos" for stone. Most extant megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period (although earlier Mesolithic examples are known) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age. At that time, the beliefs that developed were dynamism and animism, because Indonesia experienced the megalithic age or the great stone age in 2100 to 4000 BC. So that humans ancient tribe worship certain objects that are considered to have supernatural powers. Some relics of the megalithic era are menhirs (stone monuments) and dolmens (stone tables). Types and definitions While "megalith" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
