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BMW M70
The BMW M70 is a naturally-aspirated, SOHC, V12 petrol engine, which was BMW's first production V12 and was produced from 1987 to 1996. The BMW S70/2 engine, largely unrelated to the M70 and S70B56 engines, is a naturally-aspirated, DOHC, V12 petrol engine, which powered the 1993 to 1998 McLaren F1. Design The M70's design is similar to that of two 2.5 L M20 straight-six engines joined at a 60 degree angle, due to the following features: single overhead camshaft valvetrain, bore spacing of , bore of , stroke of , and a compression ratio of 8.8:1. The M70 has the following differences with the M20 engine: * Aluminium alloy engine block (AluSil) instead of cast-iron (both engines have an aluminium cylinder head), to reduce weight. * Airflow measurement using Mass air flow sensors (MAFs) instead of Air flow meters (AFMs) to improve fuel economy. * Electronic Throttle Control instead of a mechanical throttle cable. * A timing chain was used instead of a timing belt, to reduce s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V12 Engine
A V12 engine is a twelve-cylinder piston engine where two banks of six cylinders are arranged in a V configuration around a common crankshaft. V12 engines are more common than V10 engines. However, they are less common than V8 engines. The first V12 engine was built in 1904 for use in racing boats. Due to the balanced nature of the engine and the smooth delivery of power, V12 engines were found in early luxury automobiles, boats, aircraft, and tanks. Aircraft V12 engines reached their apogee during World War II, following which they were mostly replaced by jet engines. In Formula One racing, V12 engines were common during the late 1960s and early 1990s. Applications of V12 engines in the 21st century have been as marine engines, in railway locomotives, as large stationary power as well as in some European sports and luxury cars. Design Balance and smoothness Each bank of a V12 engine essentially functions as a straight-six engine, which by itself has perfect primary and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timing Belt (camshaft)
In a piston engine, either a timing belt (also called a ''cambelt'') or timing chain or set of timing gears is used to synchronize the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft. This synchronisation ensures that the engine's valves open and close at the correct times in relation to the position of the pistons. Design In most piston engines, the camshaft(s) are mechanically connected to the crankshaft. The crankshaft drives the camshaft (via a timing belt, timing chain or pushrods), which in turn actuates the intake and exhaust valves. These valves allow the engine to inhale air (or an air/fuel mixture) and exhale the exhaust gasses. The most common devices to transfer the drive are toothed rubber belts, metal timing chains or a set of gears. The teeth of the belt/chain/gears mesh with both the crankshaft and camshaft(s), thereby synchronising their motion. In many older overhead valve engines, the camshaft is located in the block near the crankshaft, therefore a simple gear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Cooling
Cooling tower and water discharge of a nuclear power plant Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion. Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. Water coolers utilising convective heat transfer are used inside high-end personal computers to lower the temperature of CPUs. Other uses include the cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; for cooling buildings in HVAC and in chillers. Mechanism Advantages Water is inexpensive, non-toxic, and available over most of the earth's surface. Liquid cooling offers higher thermal conductivity than air cooling. Water has unusually high specific heat capacity among commonly available liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure allowing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Getrag
Getrag (), stylized as GETRAG, was a major supplier of transmission systems for passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The company was founded on 1 May 1935, in Ludwigsburg, Germany, by Hermann Hagenmeyer; as the ''Getriebe und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer GmbH & Cie KG''. Headquartered in Untergruppenbach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Getrag manufactured and developed passenger car transmission products and solutions for the important automotive markets Europe, Asia, and North America with 24 locations and about 12,500 employees worldwide. In 2011, the company had a turnover of three billion euros. The company had three joint ventures: Getrag Ford Transmissions headquartered in Cologne with Ford Motor Company, Getrag (Jiangxi) Transmission Co. Ltd. with Jiangling Motors Corporation., Ltd. and Dongfeng Getrag Transmission with Dongfeng Motor Corporation. In addition, Getrag supplied transmissions to a variety of automotive manufacturers, including BMW (Mini), Daimler A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 8 Series (E31)
The BMW E31 is the first generation of the BMW 8 Series. It is a grand tourer built by BMW from 1990 to 1999 as a 2-door coupé, powered by either a V8 or V12 engine. Whilst it did supplant the original E24 based 6 Series in 1990, it was not a direct successor, but a new model class with a substantially higher price and performance than the 6 Series. Development Development of the 8 Series began in July 1981, with both the final design phase reaching completion in 1986, although the launch was delayed due to still-strong 6 Series sales. The 8 Series debuted at the Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA) in early September 1989. The 8 Series was designed to move beyond the market of the original 6 Series. The 8 Series had substantially improved performance, as well as a far higher purchase price. Over 1.5 billion Deutsche Marks were spent on total development (2019 USD nearly $900 million). BMW used CAD tools, still unusual at the time, to design the car's all-new body. Combined with wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 4HP24 Transmission
The ZF 4HP24 is a four-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars from ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Introduced in 1987, it was used in a variety of cars from Audi, BMW, Jaguar, and Land Rover. Applications 4HP24 *1986–1994 BMW E32 750i M70/B50 *1986–1994 BMW E32 750iL M70/B50 *1986–1994 Jaguar XJ40 *1989–1994 BMW E31 850Ci M70/B50 *1989–1994 BMW E31 850i M70/B50 *1989–1996 Jaguar XJS 4.0 *1995–1997 Jaguar XJ6 (X300) 4.0 *1994–2002 Range Rover V8 4.6L *1999–2002 Range Rover V8 4.0L *2003–2004 Land Rover Discovery V8 4.6L 4HP24A Audi version *1990–1991 Audi V8 3.6 V8 *1992–1994 Audi V8 4.2 V8 *1994–1996 Audi D2 A8 4.2 V8 quattro *1995–1997 Audi S6 4.2 V8 C4 100 See also *List of ZF transmissions This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions created by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company. There are two fundamental types of motor vehicle transmission: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMW 7 Series (E32)
The BMW E32 is the second generation of the BMW 7 Series luxury cars and was produced from 1986 until 1994. It replaced the E23 and was initially available with straight-six or V12 powerplants. In 1992, V8 engines became available. From its inception, the E32 was among the most technologically advanced series of cars in its day. The E32 introduced numerous features including adaptive suspension (EDC), traction control, two available wheelbases (i and iL), and dual-zone climate control. The E32 750i was the first car adhering to "gentlemen's agreement" amongst the German manufacturers limiting maximum speed to . Other automotive passenger vehicles features introduced with the E32 included: projector lens headlamps (1986); double glazing windows (1991); HID (Xenon) headlamps (1991). E32 also introduced BMW's first V8 engine since the BMW 501/502, last produced in 1962, and their first V12 engine, which was also Germany's first post-war V12 engine for a passenger vehicle. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S70/3
S7 or S-7 may refer to: Electronics and software * Acer Aspire S7, a laptop * Samsung Galaxy S7, a smartphone * Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, a tablet computer * , an automation system based on Programmable Logic Controller from Siemens, successor to Simatic S5 PLC * Sub7, a computer backdoor Media * ''Sovereign Seven'', a superhero team and comic book published by DC Comics in 1995–1998 * '' Samurai 7'', a 2004 anime series Science and technology * 7-sphere (''S''7), an n-sphere * Heptasulfur (S7), a cyclic allotrope of sulfur * S7 or S-7, a grade of tool steel * S7: Keep container tightly closed, a safety phrase in chemistry Transportation Air * Ambrosini S.7, an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II * Rans S-7 Courier, a light aircraft * S7 Airlines, a Russian commercial airliner, its IATA Airlines code is also S7 Automobiles * Audi S7, a German executive sports sedan * BYD S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV formerly known as S6 * Haima S7, a Chinese compact SUV * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S70/2
S7 or S-7 may refer to: Electronics and software * Acer Aspire S7, a laptop * Samsung Galaxy S7, a smartphone * Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, a tablet computer * , an automation system based on Programmable Logic Controller from Siemens, successor to Simatic S5 PLC * Sub7, a computer backdoor Media * ''Sovereign Seven'', a superhero team and comic book published by DC Comics in 1995–1998 * '' Samurai 7'', a 2004 anime series Science and technology * 7-sphere (''S''7), an n-sphere * Heptasulfur (S7), a cyclic allotrope of sulfur * S7 or S-7, a grade of tool steel * S7: Keep container tightly closed, a safety phrase in chemistry Transportation Air * Ambrosini S.7, an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II * Rans S-7 Courier, a light aircraft * S7 Airlines, a Russian commercial airliner, its IATA Airlines code is also S7 Automobiles * Audi S7, a German executive sports sedan * BYD S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV formerly known as S6 * Haima S7, a Chinese compact SUV * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S70B56
S7 or S-7 may refer to: Electronics and software * Acer Aspire S7, a laptop * Samsung Galaxy S7, a smartphone * Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, a tablet computer * , an automation system based on Programmable Logic Controller from Siemens, successor to Simatic S5 PLC * Sub7, a computer backdoor Media * '' Sovereign Seven'', a superhero team and comic book published by DC Comics in 1995–1998 * '' Samurai 7'', a 2004 anime series Science and technology * 7-sphere (''S''7), an n-sphere * Heptasulfur (S7), a cyclic allotrope of sulfur * S7 or S-7, a grade of tool steel * S7: Keep container tightly closed, a safety phrase in chemistry Transportation Air * Ambrosini S.7, an Italian racing aircraft flown before World War II * Rans S-7 Courier, a light aircraft * S7 Airlines, a Russian commercial airliner, its IATA Airlines code is also S7 Automobiles * Audi S7, a German executive sports sedan * BYD S7, a Chinese mid-size SUV formerly known as S6 * Haima S7, a Chinese compact SUV * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M70B50
M7, M-7, or M.7 may refer to: Transportation Air * M7 Aerospace, a United States aerospace company * Macchi M.7, an Italian flying boat fighter in service from 1923 to 1930 * Miles M.7 Nighthawk, a 1930s British training and communications monoplane * Maule M-7, an American single-engine light aircraft * Marsland Aviation (IATA code), a Sudanese airline * Tropical Airways (IATA code), a defunct small airline based in Haiti Rail * Bucharest Metro Line M7, a planned line of the Bucharest Metro * M7 (Istanbul Metro), a metro line under construction in Istanbul, Turkey * LSWR M7 class, a steam locomotive * M7 (railcar), a Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad railcar * M7 (NMBS/SNCB), a National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB) railcar Road * M7 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan * Westlink M7, an urban motorway in the Sydney, Australia area * Metroad 7 (Brisbane) (M7), an urban motorway in Brisbane, Australia * M-7 (Michigan highway), the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
