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Austro-Hungarian General Staff
The Imperial and Royal General Staff (german: k.u.k. Generalstab) of Austria-Hungary was part of the Ministry of War. It was headed by the Chief of the General Staff for the Whole Armed Forces (''Chef des Generalstabes für die gesamte bewaffnete Macht''), who had direct access to the Emperor. Responsibilities The general staff was responsible for planning and preparations, while the ''Armeeoberkommando'' (AOK) was the operational high command. In fact, since the AOK was under the direct command of the Emperor and the Chief of the General Staff was his chief adviser, in practice the AOK was under the control of the Chief of the General Staff. List of chiefs of the general staff † denotes people who died in office. Bibliography *Lackey, Scott W. ''The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff''. Greenwood Press, 1995. *Rothenberg, Gunther E. ''The Army of Francis Joseph''. Purdue University Press, 1998. *Sondhaus, Lawrence. ''Fran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wappen Kaisertum Österreich 1815 (Klein)
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full achievement (heraldry), heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest (heraldry), crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation. The term itself of 'coat of arms' describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail 'surcoat' garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Roll of arms, Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a nobility, noble family, and therefore its genealogy across tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armeeoberkommando
''Armeeoberkommando'' ("Army Higher Command"; AOK) was a command level in the German and Austro-Hungarian armies, especially during the World War I and World War II. It was equivalent to a British, French, American, Italian, Japanese, or Imperial Russian "Army". World War I Germany The army of the German Empire had so-called ''Armee-Inspektionen'' ("Army Inspectorates") as the command authorities above army corps. These were numbered from I to VIII. During World War I, they were renamed to ''Armeeoberkommandos''. Austria-Hungary In Austria-Hungary an ''Armeeoberkommando'' (AOK) - there was only one - was established in summer 1914 at the outbreak of the war. It was the command center for all land and naval forces of the Dual Monarchy. It was led by the following ''Armeeoberkommandanten'' ("army commanders-in-chief"): Archduke Frederick; from 2 December 1916, Emperor Charles I himself; on 3 November 1918, Arthur Arz; 4-11 November 1918, Hermann Kövess. Its chiefs of genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Of Austria-Hungary
The Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces (german: Bewaffnete Macht or ''Wehrmacht'') or Imperial and Royal Armed Forces were the military forces of Austria-Hungary. It comprised two main branches: The Army (''Landstreitkräfte'') and the Navy (''Kriegsmarine''). Both of them organised their own aviation branches – the Army's Aviation Troops (''K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen'') and the Navy's Naval Aviation (''K.u.k. Seeflieger''). The Army in turn consisted of its own three branches: The Common Army (''Gemeinsame Armee''), the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (''kaiserlich-königliche Landwehr'') and the Royal Hungarian Honvéd (''königlich ungarische Landwehr''). Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces was the Emperor-King, the professional leader was the Chief of the General Staff and the head of the joint Ministry for military affairs was the Minister of War. The Armed Forces served as one of the Empire's core unifying institutions and the principal instrument for the national de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Austria-Hungary
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Commander Of The Imperial And Royal Armed Forces
The Supreme Commander of the Imperial and Royal Armed Forces (german: Oberkommandierender der Streitkräfte von Österreich-Ungarn) was the ultimate authority of the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces – which comprised the Army, Navy and Aviation Troops of Austria-Hungary. Highest Commander-in-Chief The Supreme Commander was usually the Emperor of Austria as Highest Commander-in-Chief (''Allerhöchste Oberbefehl''). The Emperor ran the armed forces (''Bewaffnete Macht'' or ''Wehrmacht'') through the Military Chancellery of His Imperial and Royal Majesty the Emperor-King (''Militärkanzlei Seiner Majesty des Kaisers and Königs'') that was established on 11 July 1867. Amongst its heads, who usually bore the title Adjutant General ('' Generaladjutant''), were: * Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky (11 Jul 1867–1881) * Arthur Freiherr von Bolfras (1889–5 Ja 1917) In his old age Franz Joseph I only rarely exercised the function of supreme commander in person. Instead, in 1905 af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalfeldmarschall
''Generalfeldmarschall'' (from Old High German ''marahscalc'', "marshal, stable master, groom"; en, general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal; ; often abbreviated to ''Feldmarschall'') was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire (''Reichsgeneralfeldmarschall''); in the Habsburg monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank ''Feldmarschall'' was used. The rank was the equivalent to ''Großadmiral'' ( en, Grand Admiral) in the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' and ''Kriegsmarine'', a five-star rank, comparable to OF-10 in today's NATO naval forces. Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary The rank existed in the Austrian Empire as ''Kaiserlicher Feldmarschall'' ("imperial field marshal") and in Austria-Hungary as '' Kaiserlicher und königlicher Feldmarschall'' - ''Császári és királyi tárbornagy'' ("imperial and royal field marshal"). Both were based on prior usage during the Holy Roman Empire. The Emperor-King held the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blasius Von Schemua
, native_name_lang = German, Slovene , birth_name = , other_name = , nickname = , birth_date = , birth_place = Klagenfurt, Austrian Empire(now Austria) , death_date = , death_place = Klagenfurt, First Austrian Republic , placeofburial = , placeofburial_label = , placeofburial_coordinates = , allegiance = , branch = , serviceyears = 1874–1915 , serviceyears_label = , rank = General of the Infantry , rank_label = , servicenumber = , unit = , commands = Austro-Hungarian General Staff16th Corps2nd Corps , battles = World War I * Eastern Front **Battle of Galicia *** Battle of Komarów , battles_label = , awards = , memorials = , alma_mater = Theresian Military Academy , spouse = , children = , relations = , laterwork = , signature = , signature_size = , signature_alt = , websit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalmajor
is the Germanic variant of major general, used in a number of Central and Northern European countries. Austria Belgium Denmark is the second lowest general officer rank in the Royal Danish Army and Royal Danish Air Force. As a two-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of counter admiral in the Royal Danish Navy. The rank is rated OF-7 within NATO. It has the grade of M404 within the Ministry of Defence's pay structure. The rank of major general is reserved for the Chief of the army and air force. History On 25 May 1671, the ranks were codified, by King Christian V, with the publication of the Danish order of precedence. Here generals of the branch were placed below Lieutenant field marshal ( da, Feltmarskal Lieutenant), and above the noble rank of Count and the military rank of Lieutenant general. As part of the Army Reform of 1867, the ranks of Major, Lieutenant colonel were removed and only a single "General" rank was kept. After the 1880 reform, the gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Conrad Von Hötzendorf
Franz Xaver Josef Conrad von Hötzendorf (after 1919 Franz Conrad; 11 November 1852 – 25 August 1925), sometimes anglicised as Hoetzendorf, was an Austrian general who played a central role in World War I. He served as ''K.u.k. Feldmarschall'' (field marshal) and Austro-Hungarian General Staff, Chief of the General Staff of the military of the Austro-Hungarian Army and Austro-Hungarian Navy, Navy from 1906 to 1917. He was in charge during the July Crisis of 1914 that caused World War I. For years he had repeatedly called for preemptive war against Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia to rescue the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was, he believed, nearing disintegration. Later on, he came to believe that the Dual Monarchy had taken action at the eleventh hour. The Army was also unprepared and he had resorted to politics to further his goals. He was unaware that German Empire, Germany would relocate the majority of his forces to the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern Front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Von Beck-Rzikowsky
Friedrich Graf von Beck-Rzikowsky (21 March 1830 – 9 March 1920), sometimes Friedrich Beck, was an Austrian Generaloberst and Chief of the general staff of the Imperial and Royal army from 1881 to 1906. Beck was born at Freiburg im Breisgau, and entered the army of the Austrian Empire in 1848. He distinguished himself as chief-of-staff of an infantry division at the Battle of Magenta, and in 1863 was made personal aide-de-camp to the Emperor. He held this position, with that of adjutant-general and chief of the imperial military chancery until 1881, winning the Emperor's confidence and exercising the greatest influence on all military questions. In 1866 he acted as the Emperor's confidential agent at the headquarters of ''Feldzeugmeister'' Ludwig von Benedek, before and after the Battle of Königgrätz, and his advice was of great importance, though it was not always followed. In 1878 he was entrusted with a similar mission to the commander-in-chief of the troops operating in Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Of The Artillery (Austria)
''Feldzeugmeister'' was a historical military rank in some German and the Austro-Hungarian armies, especially in use for the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found at the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries. In the army of Habsburg Empire, the rank of Feldzeugmeister was an equivalent of lieutenant general. Etymology The German term ''Feldzeugmeister'' literally translates as "ordnance master" or "gun master". (''Feld-'' means battlefield, as used in the German title for field marshal (''Feldmarschall''), and ''-zeug-'' refers to the guns used by the artillery.) In French, the equivalent expression was , used since the days of Philip VI of France (). Military rank Originally, the ranks above ''Feldzeugmeister'' were ''Feldhauptmann'' and ''Feldmarschall''. The third most important person in the army was the ''Feldzeugmeister''. Although the expression was common in the German artillery, Austrian, Hungarian and F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Von Gallina
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries. In Portuguese and Spanish, the name is "José". In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled '' Yūsuf''. In Persian, the name is "Yousef". The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and ''Joseph'' was one of the two names, along with ''Robert'', to have remained in the top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especially common in contemporary Israel, as either "Yossi" or "Yossef", and in Italy, where the name "Giuseppe" was the most common male name in the 20th century. In the first century CE, Joseph was the second most popular male name for Palestine Jews. In the Book of Genesis Joseph is Jacob's eleventh son and Rachel's first son, and k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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