|
Aterigena Ligurica
''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a clade in a phylogenetic analysis. The genus was later found to be monophyletic, further separating ''Eratigena ''Eratigena'' is a genus of spider in the family Agelenidae. Most of its species were moved from the genus ''Tegenaria'' in 2013. Which is what this genus is named after, being an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. Two species that frequently build webs i ...'' from ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica''. Species it contains five species: *'' Aterigena aculeata'' (Wang, 1992) – China *'' Aterigena aliquoi'' (Brignoli, 1971) – Italy (Sicily) *'' Aterigena aspromontensis'' Bolzern, Hänggi & Burckhardt, 2010 – Italy *'' Aterigena ligurica'' (Simon, 1916) – France, Italy *'' Aterigena soriculata'' (Simon, 1873) – France (Corsica), It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aterigena Ligurica
''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a clade in a phylogenetic analysis. The genus was later found to be monophyletic, further separating ''Eratigena ''Eratigena'' is a genus of spider in the family Agelenidae. Most of its species were moved from the genus ''Tegenaria'' in 2013. Which is what this genus is named after, being an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. Two species that frequently build webs i ...'' from ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica''. Species it contains five species: *'' Aterigena aculeata'' (Wang, 1992) – China *'' Aterigena aliquoi'' (Brignoli, 1971) – Italy (Sicily) *'' Aterigena aspromontensis'' Bolzern, Hänggi & Burckhardt, 2010 – Italy *'' Aterigena ligurica'' (Simon, 1916) – France, Italy *'' Aterigena soriculata'' (Simon, 1873) – France (Corsica), It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agelenidae
The Agelenidae are a large family of spiders in the suborder Araneomorphae. Well-known examples include the common "grass spiders" of the genus ''Agelenopsis''. Nearly all Agelenidae are harmless to humans, but the bite of the hobo spider (''Eratigena agrestis'') may be medically significant, and some evidence suggests it might cause necrotic lesions, but the matter remains subject to debate. The most widely accepted common name for members of the family is funnel weaver. Description The body length of the smallest Agelenidae spiders are about , excluding the legs, while the larger species grow to long. Some exceptionally large species, such as ''Eratigena atrica'', may reach in total leg span. Agelenids have eight eyes in two horizontal rows of four. Their cephalothorax, cephalothoraces narrow somewhat towards the front where the eyes are. Their abdomens are more or less oval, usually patterned with two rows of lines and spots. Some species have longitudinal lines on the dorsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tegenaria
''Tegenaria'' is a genus of fast-running funnel weavers that occupy much of the Northern Hemisphere except for Japan and Indonesia. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, though many of its species have been moved elsewhere. The majority of these were moved to '' Eratigena'', including the giant house spider (''Eratigena atrica'') and the hobo spider (''Eratigena agrestis''). They can be difficult to identify because they resemble wolf spiders Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (). They are robust and agile hunters with excellent eyesight. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or ... and other funnel-web spiders in their area, unless found in an area where they don't occur naturally. They live on sheet webs, usually stretching across the corner between two walls. They have eight eyes in two straight or almost straight rows. Size varies from one spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malthonica
''Malthonica'' is a genus of Agelenidae, funnel weavers first described by Eugène Simon in 1898. Many of its species were transferred to ''Aterigena'' and ''Tegenaria'' in 2010. Species it contains seven species: *''Malthonica africana'' Simon & Fage, 1922 – East Africa *''Malthonica daedali'' Brignoli, 1980 – Greece (Crete) *''Malthonica lusitanica'' Simon, 1898 – Portugal to France *''Malthonica minoa'' (Brignoli, 1976) – Greece (Crete) *''Malthonica oceanica'' Barrientos & Cardoso, 2007 – Portugal *''Malthonica paraschiae'' Brignoli, 1984 – Greece *''Malthonica spinipalpis'' Deltshev, 1990 – Greece References External links Agelenidae Araneomorphae genera Spiders of Africa Taxa named by Eugène Simon {{Agelenidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek language, Greek wikt:φυλή, φυλή/wikt:φῦλον, φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, Protein, protein Amino acid, amino acid sequences, or Morphology (biology), morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eratigena
''Eratigena'' is a genus of spider in the family Agelenidae. Most of its species were moved from the genus ''Tegenaria'' in 2013. Which is what this genus is named after, being an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. Two species that frequently build webs in and around human dwellings are now placed in this genus. ''Eratigena agrestis'' is the hobo spider, native to Europe and Central Asia, introduced to North America. ''Eratigena atrica'' is the giant house spider, native to Europe and also introduced into North America. Description They are medium to large spiders. Two symmetrical dark bands are present dorsally on the carapace, which can be serrated (as pictured) or reduced, usually to three or four conspicuous triangles. They also have plumose hairs on the carapace, legs, and opisthosoma. Their rows of eyes are only slightly curved, in either direction. Taxonomy Phylogeny Species now placed in the genus ''Eratigena'' were previously placed in ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica''. In 2013, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aterigena Aculeata
''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a clade in a phylogenetic analysis. The genus was later found to be monophyletic, further separating ''Eratigena'' from ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica''. Species it contains five species: *'' Aterigena aculeata'' (Wang, 1992) – China *'' Aterigena aliquoi'' (Brignoli, 1971) – Italy (Sicily) *'' Aterigena aspromontensis'' Bolzern, Hänggi & Burckhardt, 2010 – Italy *''Aterigena ligurica ''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a c ...'' (Simon, 1916) – France, Italy *'' Aterigena soriculata'' (Simon, 1873) – France (Corsica), Ita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aterigena Aliquoi
''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a clade in a phylogenetic analysis. The genus was later found to be monophyletic, further separating ''Eratigena'' from ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica''. Species it contains five species: *''Aterigena aculeata'' (Wang, 1992) – China *'' Aterigena aliquoi'' (Brignoli, 1971) – Italy (Sicily) *'' Aterigena aspromontensis'' Bolzern, Hänggi & Burckhardt, 2010 – Italy *''Aterigena ligurica ''Aterigena'' is a genus of funnel weavers first described by A. Bolzern, A. Hänggi & D. Burckhardt in 2010. The name is an anagram of ''Tegenaria''. It was created in 2010 for a group of ''Tegenaria'' and ''Malthonica'' species that formed a c ...'' (Simon, 1916) – France, Italy *'' Aterigena soriculata'' (Simon, 1873) – France (Corsica), Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
