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Assizes (other)
Assize or Assizes, in Old French originally "meeting, conference", may refer to judicial institutions or legal measures taken by those. Judicial institutions * Courts of Assizes, a former judicial institution in England and Wales * Assize (Scotland), in Scots law a trial by jury * Assizes (Ireland), an obsolete judicial inquest (Court of Assize) * ''Cour d'assises'', French court in charge of felonies * ''Corte d'Assise'', Italian court * Council of Assizes, lawmaking body in New York after its capture from the Dutch * Court of assizes, criminal court in Belgium * European Assizes, a one-time assembly of the European Parliament and the national parliaments in 1990 Legal regulations and measures * Assize of Bread and Ale, an obsolete English statute regulating the price, weight, and quality of the bread and beer * Assize of Clarendon, 1166 act taken by King Henry II of England * Assize of darrein presentment, action over right to appoint to a benefice * Assize of mort d'ancest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Courts Of Assizes
The courts of assize, or assizes (), were periodic courts held around England and Wales until 1972, when together with the quarter sessions they were abolished by the Courts Act 1971 and replaced by a single permanent Crown Court. The assizes exercised both civil and criminal jurisdiction, though most of their work was on the criminal side. The assizes heard the most serious cases, which were committed to it by the quarter sessions (local county courts held four times per year), while the more minor offences were dealt with summarily by justices of the peace in petty sessions (also known as magistrates' courts). The word ''assize'' refers to the sittings or sessions ( Old French ''assises'') of the judges, known as "justices of assize", who were judges who travelled across the seven circuits of England and Wales on commissions of " oyer and terminer", setting up court and summoning juries at the various assize towns. Etymology Middle English < [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assize Of Northampton
The Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England that solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law. The assize is believed to have been passed at a council held in Northampton in January 1176. Clarendon extended The assize confirmed the offences to be brought forward by the jury of presentment according to Clarendon, and added arson and forgery to the list. It also set down new and severe punishments that could be handed down, including the removal of an offender's right hand. Aftermath of revolt Following as it did the Revolt of 1173–74, the Assizes included a wide-ranging oath of fealty (Item 6), as well as items concerning castles (8 and 11), insisting especially that "the justices see to it that the castles which have been destroyed are utterly demolished." Administrative reforms The assize is connected wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloody Assizes
The Bloody Assizes were a series of trials started at Winchester on 25 August 1685 in the aftermath of the Battle of Sedgemoor, which ended the Monmouth Rebellion in England. History There were five judges: Sir William Montague (Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer), Sir Robert Wright, Sir Francis Wythens (Justice of the King's Bench), Sir Creswell Levinz (Justice of the Common Pleas) and Sir Henry Pollexfen, led by Lord Chief Justice George Jeffreys. Over 1,000 rebels were in prison awaiting the trials, which started in the Great Hall of Winchester Castle in Winchester on 26 August. The first notable trial was that of an elderly gentlewoman named Dame Alice Lisle. The jury reluctantly found her guilty and, the law recognising no distinction between principals and accessories in treason, she was sentenced to be burned. This was commuted to beheading, with the sentence being carried out in Winchester market-place on 2 September 1685. From Winchester the court proceeded throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bloody Assize Of 1814
The Bloody Assize in Upper Canada was a series of trials held at Ancaster, Ontario, Ancaster during the War of 1812. The trials resulted in treason convictions and subsequent execution of Upper Canada residents who were found to have violently aided the enemy. History During the war, a number of settlers from the Niagara District, Upper Canada, Niagara and London District, Upper Canada, London Districts took up arms against their neighbours in aid of American raiders.Martin L. Friedland. Courts and Trials: A Multidisciplinary Approach'. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division; 15 December 1975. . p. 162–. Many were American born and later fled to the United States.Searching for the Forgotten War - 1812 Canada'. Xlibris Corporation; 15 February 2011. . p. 89–. In 1813, several groups were taken prisoner. In 1814, nineteen people were charged with high treason and charges were also filed against a number of persons then living outside Canada.Daily Lives of Civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Assize Of Oxford 1577
The Black Assize is a name given to multiple deaths in the city of Oxford in England between 6 July and 12 August 1577. At least 300 people, including the chief baron and sheriff, are thought to have died as a result of this event. It received its name because it was believed to have been associated with a trial at the Assize Court at Oxford Castle. Casualties Reports vary as to the total number of deaths that occurred in the "Black Assize". The casualties in Oxford itself are consistently recorded as approximately 300, but some reports say that further deaths occurred outside the city. One report records: This reported lack of deaths among women and children led to speculation about the causes of the casualties. Possible causes On the wall inside the Main Hall of the Old County Hall of Oxfordshire in New Road, an inscription reads: From the time of the Black Death in the mid-14th century until the second half of the 19th century, Oxford was regularly visited by plague, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Assize Of Exeter 1586
The Black Assizes is an epithet given to several outbreaks of "gaol fever" which struck various prisons and court-houses in England in the late 16th century and which caused the deaths of not only many prisoners awaiting trial but also the magistrates in the court buildings holding assizes. Causes The basic cause was fever spreading from insanitary jails via prisoners into dirty and overcrowded courtrooms.Cockburn, p.53 Notable outbreaks The most notable Black Assizes were: *1577: Black Assize of Oxford in Summer 1577. Among the dead victims were: Chief Baron Bell, Serjeant Barham, the Clerk of Assize, the Lord Lieutenant, the High Sheriff of Oxfordshire, the Coroner and almost 400 others. The names of the dead were recorded and survive as "The note of such as ar ded of this infection in Oxenford" in Bodleian manuscript Tanner 79 folio 182. *1598 Black Assizes of Northern Circuit. Among the dead were Baron Flowerdew, Justice Beaumont and "Serjeant Drewe", namely Edward Drew (c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assize Of Arms (other)
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Assize of Arms may refer to: * Assize of Arms of 1181, concerning the obligations of certain classes of persons to have arms, and of their obligation to swear allegiance to the king * Assize of Arms of 1252, concerning the enforcement of the Assize of Arms of 1181, and the appointment of constables to summon men to arms, quell breaches of the peace, and to deliver offenders to the sheriff See also * Assizes (other) Assize or Assizes, in Old French originally "meeting, conference", may refer to judicial institutions or legal measures taken by those. Judicial institutions * Courts of Assizes, a former judicial institution in England and Wales * Assize (Scotl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Last Judgment
The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Reckoning, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, Day of Resurrection or The Day of the Lord (; ar, یوم القيامة, translit=Yawm al-Qiyāmah or ar, یوم الدین, translit=Yawm ad-Dīn, label=none) is part of the Abrahamic religions and the ''Frashokereti'' of Zoroastrianism. Christianity considers the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to entail the final judgment by God of all people who have ever lived, resulting in the approval of some and the penalizing of others. The concept is found in all the canonical gospels, particularly in the Gospel of Matthew. The Christian tradition is also followed by Islam, where it is mentioned in the 43rd chapter (''Az-Zukhruf'') of the Quran, according to some interpretations. Christian futurists believe it will follow the resurrection of the dead and the Second Coming of Jesus, while full preterists believe it has already occurred. The Last Judgment has inspired numerous artistic depic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assizes Of Romania
The ''Assizes of Romania'' (french: Assises de Romanie), formally the ''Book of the Usages and Statutes of the Empire of Romania'' ( vec, Libro de le Uxanze e Statuti de lo Imperio de Romania),Setton (1975), pp. 154–155 is a collection of laws compiled in the Principality of Achaea that became the common law code of the states of Frankish Greece in the 13th–15th centuries, and continued in occasional use in the Venetian Ionian Islands until the 18th century. History The compilation comprises a prologue and 219 clauses. The traditional story of the law code's origin, recounted in the prologue, is that the first Latin Emperor, Baldwin I, based it on the ''Assizes of Jerusalem'', but this is disputed. The present collection was actually compiled in the Frankish Morea (the Principality of Achaea) between 1333 and 1346 and is based on a variety of legal traditions. The ''Assizes of Jerusalem'' were used in so far as, in the words of medievalist David Jacoby, "herethe Latins faced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assizes Of Jerusalem
The Assizes of Jerusalem are a collection of numerous medieval legal treatises written in Old French containing the law of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and Kingdom of Cyprus. They were compiled in the thirteenth century, and are the largest collection of surviving medieval laws. History As Peter Edbury says: "one group of sources from the Latin East that have long excited the attention of scholars are the legal treatises often known collectively, if somewhat misleadingly, as the Assises of Jerusalem." (Peter W. Edbury, ''John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pref.) The assizes, or ''assises'' in French, survive in written form only from the 13th century, at least a generation after the collapse of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The earliest laws of the Kingdom were promulgated at the Council of Nablus in 1120, but these laws seem to have fallen out of use and were replaced by the assizes by the 13th century and presumably even earlier. Although no laws or court cases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assizes Of Ariano
The Assizes of Ariano were a series of laws for the Kingdom of Sicily promulgated in the summer of 1140 at Ariano, near Benevento, by Roger II of Sicily. Having recently pacified the peninsula, constantly in revolt, he had decided to make a move to more centralised government. The assizes established the large Sicilian bureaucracy and sought to maintain the feudal system under strict royal control. It contained forty clauses that touched on all possible topics of contemporary legal concern: private property, public property, the church, civil law, royal finances, and the military. The work was advanced for its day, deriving its precepts not only from Norman and French, but also Muslim and Byzantine (especially Justinian) legal theories. The first half of 1140 was spent by Roger in Palermo preparing the Assizes. They were certainly well-planned. Despite having written the legislation in his capital, in July, he traveled in state to Salerno, the capital of the duchy of Apulia, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Assize
The Grand Assize (or Assize of Windsor) was a legal instrument set up in 1179 by King Henry II of England, to allow tenants to transfer disputes over land from feudal courts to the royal court. Origins Given the capacity of feudal justice for delays (essoin)s, and the arbitrariness of its methods of judgement (duel, ordeal), 12th C England had ample room for an alternative method of settling property disputes; and Henry II – acclaimed by Walter Map as one "clever in devising new and undiscovered legal procedure" – saw in the Grand Assize a means of preserving social order, avoiding the violence of self-help in the countryside, and at the same time of increasing royal revenue at the same time through the judicial system. ' Glanville' in his legal treatise termed the Grand Assize a "royal benefit...by this means men may escape the severe punishment of an unexpected and premature death.... For whilst the duel proceeds on the evidence of one juror, this assize requires the oaths of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
