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Arthoniaceae
The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in '' Arthonia'' which is the largest genus with 500 species. The second and third largest genus is '' Arthothelium'' with 80 species, and ''Cryptothecia'' with 60 species. ''Arthonia'' is the type genus of Arthoniaceae, and it is known to be a polyphyletic and paraphyletic genus. The process of splitting ''Arthonia'' into monophyletic groups is an ongoing process. In order to make ''Arthonia'' monophyletic, several genera have been described or resurrected. Distribution The species in Arthoniaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are especially prevalent in tropical areas with a Mediterranean climate. They are known from arctic to tropical latitudes, as well as variating altitudes from sea level to alpine regions, distributed in both humid forests and dry habit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptothecia
''Cryptothecia'' is a genus of white to greenish crustose lichens that grow on bark, wood, or leaves. in tropical or subtropical areas worldwide. It has a conspicuous prothallus that develops around its periphery which can be bright red in some species, hence the common name wreath lichen. The main vegetative body (thallus) lacks a cortex (ecorticate and is often immersed in the substrate or byssoid (whispy, like teased wool). The medulla is white, well defined, and often peppered with calcium oxalate crystals. Ascomata are not well defined, being cushions of soft white mycelium immersed in the medullary tissue, hence the name from the Greek ''krypto'' = "to conceal" and ''theke'' = "a container or sheath". There are about 45 described species in the genus according to one source, and 75 species according to another. The genus is in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains '' Trentepohlia'', a green alga, as its photobiont partner. Two species have been described in North America.B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthoniales
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. The order contains around 1500 species, while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species. Classification The Arthoniales is one of two orders of the class Arthoniomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. The order includes seven families ( Andreiomycetacae, Arthoniaceae, Chrysotrichaceae, Lecanographaceae, Opegraphaceae, Roccellaceae and Roccellographaceae). Lecanographaceae, Roccellographaceae, Opegraphaceae and Roccellaceae are well-supported families within Arthoniales, and they were circumscribed in 2011. Andreiomycetaceae was described as a new family by Hodkinson and Lendemer in 2013. The Arthoniales is the sister group to Dothideomycetes. Figure 1. Cladogram of the Arthoniales, rooted with ''Curvularia brachyspora'', ''Cudonia circinans'' and ''Seynesia erumpens'' as the outgroup. The cladogram shows the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Briancoppinsia
''Briancoppinsia'' is a fungal genus in the family Arthoniaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species ''Briancoppinsia cytospora'', a lichenicolous fungus that parasitises lichens, as well as ''Cladonia'', '' Lepra'', and ''Lecanora conizaeoides'', among others. The species was first described scientifically by Léon Vouaux in 1914 as ''Phyllosticta cytospora''. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Paul Diederich, Damien Ertz, James Lawrey, and Pieter van den Boom. The genus was named for Brian John Coppins, who is, according to the authors, an "eminent British lichenologist and expert of lichenicolous fungi". Its morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ... is reminiscent of '' Phoma cytospora'', a lichenicolous coelomycete found on several genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthothelium
''Arthothelium'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...: * '' Arthothelium ampliatum'' * '' Arthothelium atrorubrum'' * '' Arthothelium aurantiacopruinosum'' * '' Arthothelium cinereoargenteum'' * '' Arthothelium desertorum'' * '' Arthothelium dictyosporum'' * '' Arthothelium diffluens'' * '' Arthothelium evanescens'' * '' Arthothelium feuereri'' * '' Arthothelium frischianum'' * '' Arthothelium huegelii'' * '' Arthothelium hymeniicola'' * '' Arthothelium infuscatum'' * '' Arthothelium interveniens'' * '' Arthothelium isidiatum'' * '' Arthothelium japonicum'' * '' Arthothelium lirellans'' * '' Arthothelium macounii'' * '' Arthothelium macrothecum'' * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coniarthonia
''Coniarthonia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Arthoniaceae The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in '' Arthonia'' which is .... References Arthoniaceae Lichen genera Arthoniomycetes genera {{Arthoniomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazonomyces
''Amazonomyces'' is a lichenized genus of fungi in the family Arthoniaceae The Arthoniaceae are a family of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi in the order Arthoniales. The Arthoniaceae is the largest family of Arthoniales, with around 800 species. Most species in Arthoniaceae belong in '' Arthonia'' which is .... The genus contains 3 species: * '' Amazonomyces farkasiae'' (Lücking) Lücking, Sérus. & G. Thor, 1998 * '' Amazonomyces palmae'' Bat. & Cavalc., 1963 * '' Amazonomyces sprucei'' (R. Sant.) Lücking, Sérus. & G. Thor, 1998 References Arthoniaceae Arthoniomycetes genera Lichen genera {{Arthoniomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthonia
''Arthonia'' is a genus of lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It was circumscribed by Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1806. It is a genus of thin crustose lichen of widely varying forms, commonly called comma lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Gallery Image:Arthonia_caesia.jpg, '' Arthonia caesia'' Image:Arthonia caesia-5.jpg, Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of ''A. caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 400. Image:Arthonia caesia-6.jpg, Photograph of two spores (3-septate, 4-celled) from ''Arthonia caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 1000. (spores measure 21 x 5 micrometres) Species * '' Arthonia abbreviata'' Müll. Arg., 1895 * '' Arthonia abnormis'' (Ach.) Müll. Arg., 1880 * '' Arthonia abrothallina'' Nyl., 1856 * '' Arthonia accolens'' Stirt., 1878 * '' Arthonia acharii'' A. Massal., 1860. * '' Arthonia aciniformis'' Stirt., 1878 * ''Arthonia adhaerens'' Müll. Arg., 1880 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthonia Radiata-2
''Arthonia'' is a genus of lichens in the family Arthoniaceae. It was circumscribed by Swedish botanist Erik Acharius in 1806. It is a genus of thin crustose lichen of widely varying forms, commonly called comma lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Gallery Image:Arthonia_caesia.jpg, '' Arthonia caesia'' Image:Arthonia caesia-5.jpg, Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of ''A. caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 400. Image:Arthonia caesia-6.jpg, Photograph of two spores (3-septate, 4-celled) from ''Arthonia caesia'' taken through a compound microscope, x 1000. (spores measure 21 x 5 micrometres) Species * '' Arthonia abbreviata'' Müll. Arg., 1895 * '' Arthonia abnormis'' (Ach.) Müll. Arg., 1880 * '' Arthonia abrothallina'' Nyl., 1856 * '' Arthonia accolens'' Stirt., 1878 * '' Arthonia acharii'' A. Massal., 1860. * '' Arthonia aciniformis'' Stirt., 1878 * ''Arthonia adhaerens'' Müll. Arg., 1880 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classification (biology)
In biology, taxonomy () is the science, scientific study of naming, defining (Circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxon, taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain (biology), domain, kingdom (biology), kingdom, phylum (''division'' is sometimes used in botany in place of ''phylum''), class (biology), class, order (biology), order, family (biology), family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms. With advances in the theory, data and analytical technology of biologica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist and ornithologist. It was he who first requested Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka, Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate models for scientific education and museum showcasing, the successful commission giving rise to the creation of the Blaschkas' Glass sea creatures and, subsequently and indirectly, the more famous Glass Flowers. Early life Born in Leipzig and the son of Johann Friedrich Jakob Reichenbach (the author in 1818 of the first Greek-German dictionary) Reichenbach studied medicine and natural science at the University of Leipzig in 1810 and, eight years later in 1818, he the now Professor became an instructor before, in 1820, he was appointed the director of the Dresden natural history museum and a professor at the Surgical-Medical Academy in Dresden, where he remained for many years. Glass sea creatures Director of the natural history museum in Dresden, Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are ''MycoBank'' and ''Fungal Names''. Current names in ''Index Fungorum'' (''Specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Reichenbach
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist and ornithologist. It was he who first requested Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate models for scientific education and museum showcasing, the successful commission giving rise to the creation of the Blaschkas' Glass sea creatures and, subsequently and indirectly, the more famous Glass Flowers. Early life Born in Leipzig and the son of Johann Friedrich Jakob Reichenbach (the author in 1818 of the first Greek-German dictionary) Reichenbach studied medicine and natural science at the University of Leipzig in 1810 and, eight years later in 1818, he the now Professor became an instructor before, in 1820, he was appointed the director of the Dresden natural history museum and a professor at the Surgical-Medical Academy in Dresden, where he remained for many years. Glass sea creatures Director of the natural history museum in Dresden, Professor Reichenbach was fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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