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Arnaut Plagues
Arnaut Plagues or Plages (fl. c. 1230–1245) was a troubadour probably from Provence. Only one song of his survives, a ''tenso'' with the trobairitz Felipa, ''Ben volgra midons saub(r)es''. Though this song has also been attributed to Peirol and Peire Rogier, textual evidence and the bulk of manuscripts seem to point to Arnaut. A line that reads ''hom plagues'' ("one would be pleased") seems to be a play on Arnaut's name. Intertextually the dialogue has some commonalities with the work of Falquet de Romans (1212–1220), who travelled in Provence and Lombardy. The exchange between Arnaut and the trobairitz is difficult to follow, however, because the chansonniers do not clearly mark the beginning and end of stanzas. Uc de Saint Circ composed a song, ''Messonget, un sirventes'', that acknowledges that it is written to ''el son d'en Arnaut Plagues'' ("the melody of lord Arnaut Plagues rom ''Ben volgra''). When Uc composed this (1226 or 1245) would provide the only concret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, ''trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his ''De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of troubadou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It largely corresponds with the modern administrative region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and includes the departments of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, as well as parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse.''Le Petit Robert, Dictionnaire Universel des Noms Propres'' (1988). The largest city of the region and its modern-day capital is Marseille. The Romans made the region the first Roman province beyond the Alps and called it ''Provincia Romana'', which evolved into the present name. Until 1481 it was ruled by the Counts of Provence from their capital in Aix-en-Provence, then became a province of the Kings of France. While it has been part of France for more than 500 years, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenso
A ''tenso'' (; french: tençon) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God (Peire de Vic), the poet's horse (Gui de Cavalhon) or his cloak (Bertran Carbonel). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the ''partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the ''cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples *Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. *Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. *Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trobairitz
The ''trobairitz'' () were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. ''Trobairitz'' is both singular and plural. The word ''trobairitz'' is first attested in the 13th-century romance '' Flamenca''. It comes from the Provençal word ''trobar'', the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the technical meaning of which is "to compose". The word ''trobairitz'' is used very rarely in medieval Occitan, as it does not occur in lyrical poetry, grammatical treatises or in the biographies (''vidas'') of the ''trobairitz'' or troubadours.Paden It does occur in the treatise ''Doctrina d'acort'' by Terramagnino da Pisa, written between 1282 and 1296. He uses it as an example of a word the plural and singular of which are the same.Elizabeth W. Poe, "Cantairitz e Trobairitz: A Forgotten Attestation of Old Provençal »Trobairitz«," ''Romanische Forschungen'', 114, 2 (2002), pp. 206–215, at 207: "which are correctly used on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peirol
Peirol or PeiròlIn Occitan, ''peir'' (French "pierre") means "stone" and ''-ol'' is a diminutive suffix, the name Peirol being understood as the equivalent of "Little Stone" but also "Petit Pierre" (Lil' Peter) or "Pierrot" (Pete or Petey); however, "peiròl" also meant a cauldron or a stove. The Occitan usually write Peiròl with an accented "ò" because "Peirol" would be pronounced . (, ; born c. 1160, fl. 1188–1222Nichols, 129./1225,Aubrey, "References to Music in Old Occitan Literature", 123. died in the 1220s) was an Auvergnat troubadour who wrote mostly ''cansos'' of courtly love in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.Switten, 320. Thirty-four surviving poems written in Occitan have been attributed to him; of these, seventeen (sixteen of them love songs) have surviving melodies. He is sometimes called Peirol d'Auvergne or Peiròl d'Auvèrnha, and erroneously Pierol. Biography Not much is known of his life, and any attempt to establish his biography from a rea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peire Rogier
Peire Rogier (born c. 1145) was a twelfth-century Auvergnat troubadour ( fl. 1160 – 1180) and cathedral canon from Clermont. He left his cathedral to become a travelling minstrel before settling down for a time in Narbonne at the court of the Viscountess Ermengard. His life and career are known because his late thirteenth-century ''vida'' survives, as well as some of his works. The reliability of his ''vida'', upon which all the details of his goings and comings are known, however, is not complete. According to it, he left the religious life to become a jongleur. He fell in love with his hostess and patron and wrote many songs in her honour, giving Ermengard the nickname ''Tort-n'avetz'' ("You are wrong"), but for what reasons is unknown.Cheyette, 8. Eventually the people of the Narbonnaise believed that he was in a sexual relationship with the viscountess and so she asked him to leave. He moved on to the court of Raimbaut d'Aurenga, where he also remained for a long time. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falquet De Romans
Falquet (or Folquet) de RomansFalquet always appears in Latin documents as ''Falquetus de Rotmanis'' and his Occitan name is sometimes spelled ''Falqet'', ''Falqetz'', or ''Falkez'' and ''Rotmans'' or ''Roman''. His Italian name is ''Falchetto di Romans''. ( fl. 1215–1233) was the most famous troubadour attached to the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, where he garnered a high reputation despite the fact that his career began as a jongleur. His surviving work consists of fourteen or fifteen pieces: seven ''sirventes'' (two religious and two ''canso sirventes'' as well as one Crusade song), three ''tensos'' (each two ''coblas'' long), two or three ''cansos'' on courtly love, a ''salut d'amor'' (or ''epistola'') of 254 lines, and a religious ''alba''. His poetry is, in general, clear and elegant, and he was apparently very religious. Falquet was originally from Romans d'Isèra, a birthplace shared by the trobairitz Bieiris de Romans. According to his '' vida'' he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lombardy
Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Over a fifth of the Italian gross domestic product (GDP) is produced in the region. The Lombardy region is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the Po river, and includes Milan, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the European Union (EU). Of the fifty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, eleven are in Lombardy. Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Gerolamo Cardano, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta and Alessandro Manzoni; and popes Pope John XXIII, John XXIII and Pope Paul VI, Paul VI originated in the area of modern-day Lombardy region. Etymology The name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chansonnier
A chansonnier ( ca, cançoner, oc, cançonièr, Galician and pt, cancioneiro, it, canzoniere or ''canzoniéro'', es, cancionero) is a manuscript or printed book which contains a collection of chansons, or polyphonic and monophonic settings of songs, hence literally " song-books"; however, some manuscripts are called chansonniers even though they preserve the text but not the music, for example, the Cancioneiro da Vaticana and Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, which contain the bulk of Galician-Portuguese lyrics. The most important chansonniers contain lyrics, poems and songs of the troubadours and trouvères used in the medieval music. Prior to 1420, many song-books contained both sacred and secular music, one exception being those containing the work of Guillaume de Machaut. Around 1420, sacred and secular music was segregated into separate sources, with large choirbooks containing sacred music, and smaller chansonniers for more private use by the privileged. Chansonniers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uc De Saint Circ
Uc de Saint Circ (San Sir) or Hugues (Hugh) de Saint Circq ( fl. 1217–1253Aubrey, ''The Music of the Troubadours'', 22–23.) was a troubadour from Quercy. Uc is perhaps most significant to modern historians as the probable author of several '' vidas'' and ''razos'' of other troubadours, though only one of Bernart de Ventadorn exists under his name.Gaunt and Kay, 290. Forty-four of his songs, including fifteen ''cansos'' and only three ''canso'' melodies, have survived, along with a didactic manual entitled ''Ensenhamen d'onor''.Egan, 111. According to William E. Burgwinkle, as "poet, biographer, literary historian, and mythographer, Uc must be accorded his rightful place as the 'inventor' (trobador) of 'troubadour poetry' and the idealogical trappings with which it came to be associated." Uc is probably to be identified with the Uc Faidit (meaning "exiled" or "dispossessed") who authored the ''Donatz proensals'', one of the earliest Occitan grammars. This identity fits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnaut Catalan
Arnaut Catalan ( fl. 1219–1253) was a troubadour active in the Languedoc, Catalonia Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the north ..., and Castile (historical region), Castile. He left behind five ''Canso (song), cansos'', three ''tensos'', and one religious song. Arnaut's origins are disputed. Most Catalan people, Catalan scholars, such as Milà and Fontanals, believe him to be a Catalan, hence his nickname. Others, such as Chabaneau, assign him to a prominent family from Toulouse named "Catalan". If the latter is correct he is probably the same as the Dominican Order, Dominican Inquisitor who persecuted Cathars with such force that he was almost killed by a mob in Albi in 1234. The troubadour was probably in Lombardy at the House of Este, Este court in Caleone between 1221 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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