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Arendal Line
The Arendal Line ( no, Arendalsbanen) is a long railway line between Arendal and Simonstad in Norway. At Nelaug, north of Arendal, the line intersects with the Sørland Line. The southern section is electrified and provides a feeder passenger service. The line originally ran north from Arendal to Treungen and the lake Nisser, but the upper-most part has been removed. The line is owned by the Norwegian Railway Directorate and operated by Go-Ahead Norge using Class 69 trains. Originally named the Arendal–Åmli Line, the first part of the line, from Arendal to Froland, opened on 23 November 1908. The line was extended to Åmli on 17 December 1910 and to Treungen on 14 December 1913, and was named the Arendal–Treungen Line. The line also had a branch, the Grimstad Line built 1907, from Rise to Grimstad. At this time this was the only railway at any of its stations, as the Sørland Line was not built in this region yet. Originally the line was narrow gauge; in 1935, the Sørla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NSB Class 69
NSB Class 69 ( no, NSB type 69) is an electric multiple unit used by Norwegian State Railways for a variety of commuter trains on the Norwegian railway system, as well as a few medium distance and branch line trains. It is the most common type of trainset in Norway, although the newer NSB Class 72 has also been introduced. All the trains were built by Strømmen. History During the 1960s NSB realized that they would need a new generation of electric multiple units for local traffic. Both the Class 65, 67 and 68 had for thirty years been built with slight modifications, and NSB needed both new and more modern trains for their operations. Among the inspiration was the successful X1 units used in Sweden. NSB decided on a number of rationalizations, first of all a new interior so that two new cars could hold the same capacity as three units from the older models. Secondly NSB wanted quicker trains, and increased the maximum speed from 70 to . This increase in speed was sufficient to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Froland
Froland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Blakstad, which along with Osedalen form the main population center of the municipality. Other villages in Froland include Bøylefoss, Bøylestad, Froland, Frolands verk, Heldalsmo, Hinnebu, Hynnekleiv, Jomås, Lauvrak, Libru, Løvjomås, Mjåvatn, Mjølhus, Mykland, and Risdal. The municipality is the 176th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Froland is the 156th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,098. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 16% over the previous 10-year period. General information The municipality of Froland was established when it was separated from the municipality of Øyestad in 1850. The new municipality had an initial population of 1,976. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogaland
Rogaland () is a Counties of Norway, county in Western Norway, bordering the North Sea to the west and the counties of Vestland to the north, Vestfold og Telemark to the east and Agder to the east and southeast. In 2020, it had a population of 479,892. The administrative centre of the county is the Stavanger (city), city of Stavanger, which is one of the largest cities in Norway. Rogaland is the centre of the Norwegian petroleum industry. In 2016, Rogaland had an unemployment rate of 4.9%, one of the highest in Norway. In 2015, Rogaland had a fertility rate of 1.78 children per woman, which is the highest in the country. The Diocese of Stavanger for the Church of Norway includes all of Rogaland county. Etymology ''Rogaland'' is the region's Old Norse name, which was revived in modern times. During Denmark's rule of Norway until the year 1814, the county was named ''Stavanger amt (subnational entity), amt'', after the large city of Stavanger. The first element is the plural ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aust-Agder County Municipality
Aust-Agder County Municipality ( no, Aust-Agder fylkeskommune) was the regional governing administration of the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The county municipality was established on 1 January 1976 when the law was changed to allow elected county councils in Norway. The county municipality was dissolved on 1 January 2020, when Aust-Agder was merged with the neighboring Vest-Agder county, creating the new Agder county which is led by the Agder County Municipality. The main responsibilities of the county municipality included the running of eight upper secondary schools with about 4,500 pupils. It was also in charge of county-wide regional planning, county roads, public transport, dental care, culture, and cultural heritage. The administrative centre of the county is the town of Arendal. Stein Ytterdahl was the last County Governor of Aust-Agder (from 2016 until its dissolution in 2020, there was one county governor for both Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder counties). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agderposten
''Agderposten'' is a daily newspaper published in Arendal, Norway. History and profile ''Agderposten'' was founded by teacher Jens Svendsen and published for the first time on 1 July 1874. Svendsen was the owner and editor-in-chief until 1919. His son Jens Svendsen Jr. was a co-editor for a couple of years. Later editors were Jens Vevstad from 1919 to 1928, Magne Torsvik from 1928 to 1936, then Robert Knudsen. Regarding ownership, a stock company named Agderposten was set up in 1919. Among the members of the board of directors were Torjus Værland. In 1936 a new team of owners took over; Robert Knudsen, Alv Kristiansen and Liberal Party politician Christian Stray. Stray soon became the sole owner. His daughter Anne Lise was given 70% of the shares in 1963, and took over at Christian's death in 1981. This family ownership is an anomaly in Norway. The newspaper was affiliated with the Liberal Party until the party split in 1972. It then followed the Liberal People's Party for a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Roundhouse
A railway roundhouse is a building with a circular or semicircular shape used by railways for servicing and storing locomotives. Traditionally, though not always the case today, these buildings surrounded or were adjacent to a turntable. Overview Early steam locomotives normally traveled forwards only. Although reverse operations capabilities were soon built into locomotive mechanisms, the controls were normally optimized for forward travel, and the locomotives often could not operate as well in reverse. Some passenger cars, such as observation cars, were also designed as late as the 1960s for operations in a particular direction. Turntables allowed locomotives or other rolling stock to be turned around for the return journey, and roundhouses, designed to radiate around the turntables, were built to service and store these locomotives. Most modern diesel and electric locomotives can run equally well in either direction, and many are push-pull trains with control cabs at ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Tower
A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a water distribution system, distribution system for potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection. Water towers often operate in conjunction with underground or surface service reservoirs, which store treated water close to where it will be used. Other types of water towers may only store raw (non-potable) water for fire protection or industrial purposes, and may not necessarily be connected to a public water supply. Water towers are able to supply water even during power outages, because they rely on hydrostatic pressure produced by elevation of water (due to gravity) to push the water into domestic and industrial water distribution systems; however, they cannot supply the water for a long time without power, because a pump is typically required to refill the tower. A water tower also serves as a reservoir to help with water needs during peak us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global System For Mobile Communications – Railway
GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers. The system is based on GSM and ''EIRENE – MORANE'' specifications which guarantee performance at speeds up to 500 km/h (310 mph), without any communication loss. GSM-R could be supplanted by LTE-R, with the first production implementation being in South Korea. However, LTE is generally considered to be a " 4G" protocol, and the UIC's Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) program is considering moving to something " 5G"-based (specifically 3GPP R15/16), thus skipping two technological generations. History GSM-R is built on GSM technology, and benefits from the economies of scale of its GSM technology heritage, aiming at being a cost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centralized Traffic Control
Centralized traffic control (CTC) is a form of railway signalling that originated in North America. CTC consolidates train routing decisions that were previously carried out by local signal operators or the train crews themselves. The system consists of a centralized train dispatcher's office that controls railroad interlockings and traffic flows in portions of the rail system designated as CTC territory. One hallmark of CTC is a control panel with a graphical depiction of the railroad. On this panel, the dispatcher can keep track of trains' locations across the territory that the dispatcher controls. Larger railroads may have multiple dispatcher's offices and even multiple dispatchers for each operating division. These offices are usually located near the busiest yards or stations, and their operational qualities can be compared to air traffic towers. Background Key to the concept of CTC is the notion of ''traffic control'' as it applies to railroads. Trains moving in opposite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Gauge
A standard-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge of . The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after George Stephenson), International gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge and European gauge in Europe, and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with approximately 55% of the lines in the world using it. All high-speed rail lines use standard gauge except those in Russia, Finland, and Uzbekistan. The distance between the inside edges of the rails is defined to be 1435 mm except in the United States and on some heritage British lines, where it is defined in U.S. customary/Imperial units as exactly "four feet eight and one half inches" which is equivalent to 1435.1mm. History As railways developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the track gauge (the distance, or width, between the inner sides of the rails) to be used. Different railways used different gauges, and where rails of different gauge met – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narrow Gauge
A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with tighter curves, smaller structure gauges, and lighter rails, they can be less costly to build, equip, and operate than standard- or broad-gauge railways (particularly in mountainous or difficult terrain). Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often used in mountainous terrain, where engineering savings can be substantial. Lower-cost narrow-gauge railways are often built to serve industries as well as sparsely populated communities where the traffic potential would not justify the cost of a standard- or broad-gauge line. Narrow-gauge railways have specialised use in mines and other environments where a small structure gauge necessitates a small loading gauge. In some countries, narrow gauge is the standard; Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grimstad
Grimstad () is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It belongs to the geographical region of Sørlandet. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Grimstad. Some of the villages in Grimstad include Eide, Espenes, Fevik, Fjære, Håbbestad, Hesnes, Homborsund, Jortveit, Kroken, Landvik, Nygrenda, Prestegårdskogen, Reddal, Roresand, Rønnes, Skiftenes, Tjore, Vik, and Østerhus. The municipality is centered around the little maritime town of Grimstad which is surrounded by many small islands (''Skjærgård''). There is a harbor, a main street, a small market square, Grimstad Church, and a museum dedicated to the early life of Henrik Ibsen, who served as an apprentice to Grimstad's local pharmacist Reimann, from 1844 to 1847, before leaving Grimstad in 1850. Ibsen's intimate knowledge of the local people and surroundings can be seen in his poem ''Terje Vigen''. The majority of the inhabitants live in and around the town, while the rest of the municip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
