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Apilan And Kota Mara
Apilan and kota mara are two Malay nautical terms which refers to the structure on a vessel where the cannon is installed. This term is used especially on Malay ships and boats. Apilan Apilan (or ampilan) is the wooden gunshield found in Malay prahus where cannons are placed. It has a hole to place long gun, and sometimes swivel gun can be placed over the top of the apilan. Apilan is not permanent, it can be assembled, disassembled, and moved. The crew of Malay prahu operated the long gun behind an apilan. The apilan usually situated at the bow of a prahu. This gun-shield was only put on when the ship went into action. Sunting apilan is the name given to two lelas or light guns standing on the gun-shield of a heavy gun. Etymology Apilan is a true Malay word, it was not descended from any word. It is also a standalone word, due to the fact that the syllable is api-lan instead of apil-an. Kota mara Kota mara is the breastwork or casement of Malay prahus. The function ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Prahu Warboat (1863)
Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesian language, the official form of the Malay language in Indonesia ** Malaysian Malay, the official form of the Malay language in Malaysia * Malayic languages, a group of closely related languages in the Malay Archipelago * Malay trade and creole languages, a set of pidgin languages throughout the Sumatra, Malay Peninsula and the entire Malay archipelago * Brunei Malay, an unofficial national language of Brunei distinct from standard Malay * Kedah Malay, a variety of the Malaya languages spoken in Malaysia and Thailand * Sri Lanka Malay language, spoken by the Malay race minority in Sri Lanka * Songkhla Malay, variety of Malay spoken in Songkhla province, Thailand Race and ethnic groups * Malay race, a racial category used in the late 19t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting impact on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Old Indo-Aryan language varieties. The most archaic of these is the Vedic Sanskrit found in the Rig Veda, a colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Warfare
Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river. Mankind has fought battles on the sea for more than 3,000 years. Even in the interior of large landmasses, transportation before the advent of extensive railroads was largely dependent upon rivers, canals, and other navigable waterways. The latter were crucial in the development of the modern world in Britain, the Low Countries and northern Germany, for they enabled the bulk movement of goods and raw materials without which the Industrial Revolution would not have occurred. Before 1800, war materials were largely moved by river barges or sea vessels and needed a naval defence against enemies. History Mankind has fought battles on the sea for more than 3,000 years. Even in the interior of large landmasses, transportation before the advent of extensive railways was largely dependent upon rivers, canals, and other navigable waterways. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and other floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history. Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both commercial and military, are referred to as "naval engineering". The construction of boats is a similar activity called boat building. The dismantling of ships is called ship breaking. History Pre-history The earliest known depictions (including paintings and models) of shallow-water sailing boats is from the 6th to 5th millennium BC of the Ubaid period of Mesopotamia. They were made from bundled reeds coated in bitumen and had bipod masts. They sailed in shallow coastal waters of the Persian Gulf. 4th millennium BC Ancient Egypt Evidence from Ancient Egypt shows that the early Egyptians knew how to assemble planks of wood into a ship hull as early as 3100 BC. Egyptian potte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watercraft Components
Any vehicle used in or on water as well as underwater, including boats, ships, hovercraft and submarines, is a watercraft, also known as a water vessel or waterborne vessel. A watercraft usually has a propulsive capability (whether by sail, oar, paddle, or engine) and hence is distinct from a stationary device, such as a Floating dock (jetty), pontoon, that merely Buoyancy, floats. Types Most watercraft may be described as either a ship or a boat. However, numerous items, including surfboards, robot, underwater robots, seaplanes and torpedoes, may be considered neither ships nor boats. Although ships are typically larger than boats, the distinction between those two categories is not one of size per se. *Ships are typically large ocean-going vessels; whereas boats are smaller, and typically travel most often on inland or coastal waters. *A rule of thumb says "a boat can fit on a ship, but a ship can't fit on a boat", and a ship ''usually'' has sufficient size to carry its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swivel Gun
The term swivel gun (or simply swivel) usually refers to a small cannon, mounted on a swiveling stand or fork which allows a very wide arc of movement. Another type of firearm referred to as a swivel gun was an early flintlock combination gun with two barrels that rotated along their axes to allow the shooter to switch between rifled and smoothbore barrels. Swivel guns should not be confused with pivot guns, which were far larger weapons mounted on a horizontal pivot, or screw guns, which are a mountain gun with a segmented barrel. An older term for the type is peterero (alternative spellings include "paterero" and "pederero"). The name was taken from the Spanish name for the gun, pedrero, a combination of the word piedra (stone) and the suffix -ero (-er), because stone was the first type of ammunition fired. Configuration Swivel guns are among the smallest types of cannon, typically measuring less than in length and with a bore diameter of up to . They can fire a variety o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riau-Lingga Sultanate
Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Malay language, Malay/Indonesian language, Indonesian: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ, ''Kesultanan Riau-Lingga''), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay people, Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention. The sultanate came into existence as a result of the Partition (politics), partition of the Johor Sultanate#Golden Age, Johor-Riau Sultanate that separated Johor, Peninsular Johor, together with the island of Singapore, from the Riau archipelago. This partition followed the succession dispute following the death of Mahmud Shah III of Johor, Mahmud III of Johor, when Abdul Rahman was crowned as the first Sultan of Riau-Lingga. The Island country, maritime kingdom was recognised by both the British Empire, British and the Dutch Empire, Dutch following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Its historical territory is almost parallel to the present-day ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rentaka
The ''Lantaka'' (Baybayin: pre virama: ''ᜎᜆᜃ'': post virama: ''ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜃ'') also known as ''rentaka'' (In Malay) was a type of bronze portable cannon or swivel gun, sometimes mounted on merchant vessels and warships in Maritime Southeast Asia. It was commonly equipped by native seafaring vessels from the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia. Lela and rentaka are known by the Malays as ''meriam kecil'' (lit. "small cannon"), the difference is that rentaka is smaller in length and bore than a lela. and Lantakas are often called ''Kanyon'' in Filipino (literal meaning Cannon). The ''lantaka'' was cited by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines as an intangible cultural heritage of the country under the 'Traditional Craftsmanship' category that the government may nominate in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. The documentation of the craft was aided by ICHCAP of UNESCO. Etymology The name may stem from the Malay w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rattan
Rattan, also spelled ratan, is the name for roughly 600 species of Old World climbing palms belonging to subfamily Calamoideae. The greatest diversity of rattan palm species and genera are in the closed-canopy old-growth tropical forests of Southeast Asia, though they can also be found in other parts of tropical Asia and Africa. Most rattan palms are ecologically considered lianas due to their climbing habits, unlike other palm species. A few species also have tree-like or shrub-like habits. Around 20% of rattan palm species are economically important and are traditionally used in Southeast Asia in producing wickerwork furniture, baskets, canes, woven mats, cordage, and other handicrafts. Rattan canes are one of the world's most valuable non-timber forest products. Some species of rattan also have edible scaly fruit and heart of palm. Despite increasing attempts in the last 30 years at commercial cultivation, almost all rattan products still come from wild-harvested plants. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncosperma Tigillarium
''Oncosperma tigillarium'' is an Asian species of palm tree in the family Arecaceae. Description ''Oncosperma tigillarium'' grows to 12m (possibly up to 30m) in height in dense thickets of up to 50 palm trees. The trunks of the palms are covered with long black spines. ''Oncosperma tigilarium'' has finely pinnate leaves, with drooping leaflets. Common names Its common name in Indonesian is ''nibung'' meaning ''thorn'', for the long thorns that arise along the length of the trunk of the palm. In parts of the Philippines it is known as ''anibung'' in the Hiligaynon language. In Khmer it is called sla: ta 'aôn Distribution The species is known from inland, lower salinity waters, near mangrove swamps of southern Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia, in Southeast Asia. It is native to these areas west of the Wallace Line growing at elevations below 150 metres. It is endangered in some areas due to deforestation, and it is invasive to a few tropical islands ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Crawfurd
John Crawfurd (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, colonial administrator, diplomat, and author who served as the second and last Resident of Singapore. Early life He was born on Islay, in Argyll, Scotland, the son of Samuel Crawfurd, a physician, and Margaret Campbell; and was educated at the school in Bowmore. He followed his father's footsteps in the study of medicine and completed his medical course at the University of Edinburgh in 1803, at the age of 20. Crawfurd joined the East India Company, as a Company surgeon, and was posted to India's Northwestern Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh), working in the area around Delhi and Agra from 1803–1808. He saw service in the campaigns of Baron Lake. In the East Indies Crawfurd was sent in 1808 to Penang, where he applied himself to the study of the Malay language and culture. In Penang, he met Stamford Raffles for the first time. In 1811, Crawfurd accompanied Raffles on Lord Minto's Java Invasion, which o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanong Sketches By Rafael Monleón (1890)
''Lanong'' were large outrigger warships used by the Iranun and the Banguingui people of the Philippines. They could reach up to in length and had two biped shear masts which doubled as boarding ladders. They also had one to three banks of oars rowed by galley slaves. They were specialized for naval battles. They were prominently used for piracy and slave raids from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century in most of Southeast Asia. The name ''lanong'' is derived from ''Lanun'',''Lanun'' also became the word for "pirate" in the Malay language an exonym of the Iranun people. Like the ''karakoa'', large ''lanong'' were also known by the Spanish as ''joanga'' or '' juanga'' (Spanish for " junk"), a name which was also applied to other large ships in Southeast Asia. Description ''Lanong'' can reach up to long and wide amidships. They were crewed by up to 150 to 200 men, led by a ''panglima'' (commander). Unlike the similar ''karakoa'', the ''lanong'' were heavily armed spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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