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Annie Kenney
Ann "Annie" Kenney (13 September 1879 – 9 July 1953) was an English working-class suffragette and socialist feminist who became a leading figure in the Women's Social and Political Union. She co-founded its first branch in London with Minnie Baldock. Kenney attracted the attention of the press and public in 1905 when she and Christabel Pankhurst were imprisoned for several days for assault and obstruction related to the questioning of Sir Edward Grey at a Liberal rally in Manchester on the issue of votes for women. The incident is credited with inaugurating a new phase in the struggle for women's suffrage in the UK with the adoption of militant tactics. Annie had friendships with Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Baroness Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt, Clara Codd, Adela Pankhurst, and Christabel Pankhurst. Early life Kenney was born in 1879 in Springhead, West Riding of Yorkshire., to Horatio Nelson Kenney (1849–1912) and Anne Wood (1852–1905). She was the fourth daug ...
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Jessie Kenney
Jessica "Jessie" Kenney (1887 – 1985) was an English suffragette who was jailed for assaulting the Prime Minister and Home Secretary in a protest to gain suffrage for women in the UK. Details of a bombing campaign to support their cause were discovered by the authorities in her flat when Kenney was sent abroad to convalesce. She later trained as a wireless operator but worked as a stewardess. Life and activism Kenney was born in 1887 in Lees (now part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham). She was the seventh daughter of twelve children ( of whom eleven survived infancy) to Horatio Nelson Kenney (1849-1912) and Anne Wood (1852-1905); the family was poor and working class. Her activist sisters were Caroline (Kitty), Ann (Annie), Sarah (Nell) and Jane (Jennie). Annie and Jessie took leading roles in the Women's Social and Political Union. Annie, eight years older than Jessie, promoted the study of literature among her colleagues, inspired by Robert Blatchford's publication, '' ...
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Mary Blathwayt
Mary Blathwayt (1 February 1879 – 25 June 1961) was a British feminist, suffragette and social reformer. She lived at Eagle House in Somerset. This house became known as the "Suffragette's Rest" and contained a memorial to the protests of 60 suffragists and suffragettes. The memorial was bulldozed in the 1960s. Early life Mary Blathwayt was born 1 February 1879 in Worthing, Sussex, the daughter of Colonel Linley Blathwayt, an army officer who had served in India, and his wife, Emily, who were first cousins. Upon retiring from active service, Colonel Blathwayt and his family moved from India to Eagle House, Batheaston, on the outskirts of Bath. Her younger brother, William, trained as an electrical engineer and taught English in Germany for many years before returning to England at the beginning of the First World War. Mary, remained at home and attended Bath High School. Campaigning for women's suffrage Blathwayt and her mother started attending meetings of the B ...
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Springhead, Greater Manchester
Springhead is a suburban area in the civil parish of Saddleworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Description Situated near the eastern edge of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, Springhead is contiguous with the village of Lees, and with the Austerlands, Scouthead and Grotton areas of Saddleworth. It was named after Springhead House, an historical dwelling which had a freshwater spring in its grounds. Springhead once was an urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The main hub is the Post Office. There is also a community centre. Springhead Infant and Nursery School and Knowsley Junior School serve the area. The football club (Springhead A.F.C.) play in the Manchester Football League, and the cricket club, Springhead CCC, in the Greater Manchester Cricket League. In March 2022, a petition was submitted to the parish council to construct 158 homes on the former Springhead Quarry, now a protected site for conservation. Durin ...
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Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The two cities and the surrounding towns form one of the United Kingdom's most populous conurbations, the Greater Manchester Built-up Area, which has a population of 2.87 million. The history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort ('' castra'') of ''Mamucium'' or ''Mancunium'', established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically part of Lancashire, areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated into Manchester in the 20th century, including Wythenshawe in 1931. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchest ...
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Teresa Billington-Greig
Teresa Billington-Greig (15 October 1876 – 21 October 1964) was a British suffragette who helped create the Women's Freedom League in 1907. She had left another suffrage organisation – the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) – as she considered the leadership too autocratic. In 1904, she was appointed by the WSPU as a travelling speaker for the organisation. On 25 April 1906, she unveiled a 'Votes for Women' banner from the Ladies Gallery during the debate in the House of Commons. In June 1906, she was arrested in a fracas outside of Chancellor of the Exchequer H. H. Asquith's home, and as a result was the first suffragette to be incarcerated in Holloway Prison. She founded the Women's Billiards Association in 1931. Her publications include ''The Militant Suffrage Movement'' (1911), which contained criticism of suffragettes' tactics, and ''The Consumer in Revolt'' (1912), which explored links between consumerism and feminism. Her archives are held at the Women's ...
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Helen Rappaport
Helen F. Rappaport (née Ware; born June 1947), is a British author and former actress. She specialises in the Victorian era and revolutionary Russia. Early life and education Rappaport was born Helen Ware in Bromley, grew up near the River Medway in North Kent and attended Chatham Grammar School for Girls. Her older brother Mike Ware, born 1939, is a photographer, chemist, and writer. She has twin younger brothers, Peter (also a photographer) and Christopher, born in 1953. She studied Russian at Leeds University where she was involved in the university Theatre Group and launched her acting career. Career Acting After acting with the Leeds University Theatre Group she appeared in several television series including ''Crown Court'', ''Love Hurts'' and ''The Bill''. She later claimed to have spent '20 years in the doldrums as an out of work, broke and miserable actress'... Writing In the early nineties she became a copy editor for academic publishers Blackwell and OUP and al ...
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The Clarion (British Newspaper)
''The Clarion'' was a weekly newspaper published by Robert Blatchford, based in the United Kingdom. It was a socialist publication with a Britain-focused rather than internationalist perspective on political affairs, as seen in its support of the British involvement in the Anglo-Boer Wars and the First World War. History Blatchford and Alexander M. Thompson founded the paper in Manchester in 1891 with capital of just £400 (£350 from Thompson and Blatchford, and the remaining £50 from Robert's brother Montague Blatchford). Robert Blatchford serialised his book '' Merrie England'' in the paper, and also published work by a variety of writers, including George Bernard Shaw, and artwork by Walter Crane. The women's column was written initially by Eleanor Keeling Edwards and, from October 1895, as the women's letters page by Julia Dawson, the unmarried name of Julia Myddleton-Worrall. It was Julia Dawson who pioneered the ''Clarion'' Vans, which toured small towns and villages t ...
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Robert Blatchford
Robert Peel Glanville Blatchford (17 March 1851 – 17 December 1943) was an English socialist campaigner, journalist, and author in the United Kingdom. He was also noted as a prominent atheist, nationalist and opponent of eugenics. In the early 1920s, after the death of his wife, he turned towards spiritualism. Early life Blatchford was born 17 March 1851 in Maidstone, Kent. His parents, John Glanville Blatchford, a strolling comedian, and Georgina Louisa Corri ''(maiden;'' 1821–1890), an actress – named him after the Conservative Prime Minister Robert Peel who died the year before. His great-grandfather, by way of his mother, Domenico Corri (1746–1825), was an Italian musician and publisher who, in the late 18th century, moved from Rome to Edinburgh to teach music. One of his grandnieces, Christine Glanville (1924–1999), was an acclaimed English puppeteer. Blatchford's father died in 1853, leaving him in the care of his mother. She continued her acting career for nin ...
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Bobbin
A bobbin or spool is a spindle or cylinder, with or without flanges, on which yarn, thread, wire, tape or film is wound. Bobbins are typically found in industrial textile machinery, as well as in sewing machines, fishing reels, tape measures, film rolls, cassette tapes, within electronic and electrical equipment, and for various other applications. Industrial textiles Bobbins are used in spinning, weaving, knitting, sewing, and lacemaking. In these practices, bobbins were invented to "manage the piles of thread and yarn that would be mechanically woven into cloth," where the mechanical began using human power, but eventual became machine-driven. In these applications, bobbins provide storage, temporary and permanent, for yarn or thread. Historically, bobbins were made out of natural materials such as wood, or bone. While not in principle an invention of the Victorian era—bobbins in the production of textiles were in earlier use—the machinery introduced in th ...
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Cotton Mill
A cotton mill is a building that houses spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system. Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802. The mechanisation of the spinning process in the early factories was instrumental in the growth of the machine tool industry, enabling the construction of larger cotton mills. Limited companies were developed to construct mills, and the trading floors of the cotton exchange in Manchester, created a vast commercial city. Mills generated employment, drawing workers fr ...
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Rowland Kenney
Rowland Kenney (1882-1961) was a British diplomat, propagandist, author and editor. During World War I and World War II, Kenney directed British propaganda in Norway and Scandinavia. Kenney was born on 28 December 1882 in Shelderslow, Saddleworth, West Riding of Yorkshire, now part of Oldham District. Son of Horatio Nelson Kenney (1849-1912), a cotton-mill worker, and his Ann Kenney (née Wood, 1852–1905), Kenney was the brother of suffragette Annie Kenney. In his youth and early adulthood, Kenney worked a series of manual labor jobs, before taking up work as a salesman, and joining the Shop Assistants' Union and the Independent Labour Party. His work in various socialist organizations led him to become a journalist and later an editor of the Daily Herald, and briefly, a publisher of Vanity Fair. Kenney married Dano-Norwegian Asta Ingrid Brockdorff (1883-1947) in 1911, and spent some time in Norway before the onset of the First World War. In 1916, with war raging in Europe, ...
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Jenny Kenney
Jane "Jenny" Kenney (1884–1961) also known as Jennie, was a British suffragette and Montessori teacher, who supported her sisters Annie Kenney and Jessie Kenney in the Women's Social and Political Union. She later became joint principal of an independent school in New York, USA. Life and career Jane Kenney was born in Lees, Oldham, Lancashire, the eighth child of a family of twelve siblings (eleven of whom survived infancy) of Horatio Nelson Kenney (1849–1912) and Ann Wood (1852–1905) both cotton workers. Her father was from Ashton-under-Lyne whose parents were blacksmith's labourer, William and Agnes. Her mother's father was James Wood, a cotton mill worker. Her parents were married in April 1873 at Leesfield parish church, and are buried at Greenacres cemetery, Oldham. Although they lived in poverty, and were largely home educated due to working from a young age, both their parents encouraged them to read and debate. Kenney began working in the cotton mill as a card ...
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