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Anna Mahé
Anna Mahé (1882–1960) was a French teacher, typographer and anarchist activist. Biography Anna Mahé was born in Bourgneuf-en-Retz, on 31 July 1882. The daughter of a shoemaker, she had the opportunity to receive a higher education at a school in Nantes. She graduated in 1900 and became a teacher at the same school, where she was popular with both her students and fellow teachers. In 1902, she was appointed to teach at a rural school in Les Sorinières. By this time, she had become influenced by libertarianism and began making anti-capitalist, anti-militarist and anti-patriotic remarks. When Mahé's style of pedagogy was investigated by a school inspector in 1903, she was found to be teaching in a way that was "hostile to society and its institutions". She was accused of professional misconduct, although the inspector pleaded for leniency due to Mahé's youth. After the investigation, Mahé decided not to return to teaching and requested sick leave, claiming to be sick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brackets
A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the Writing system#Directionality, directionality of the context. Specific forms of the mark include parentheses (also called "rounded brackets"), square brackets, curly brackets (also called 'braces'), and angle brackets (also called 'chevrons'), as well as various less common pairs of symbols. As well as signifying the overall class of punctuation, the word "bracket" is commonly used to refer to a specific form of bracket, which varies from region to region. In most English-speaking countries, an unqualified word "bracket" refers to the parenthesis (round bracket); in the United States, the square bracket. Glossary of mathematical sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libertarianism
Libertarianism (from french: libertaire, "libertarian"; from la, libertas, "freedom") is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's encroachment on and violations of individual liberties; emphasizing the rule of law, pluralism, cosmopolitanism, cooperation, civil and political rights, bodily autonomy, free association, free trade, freedom of expression, freedom of choice, freedom of movement, individualism and voluntary association. Libertarians are often skeptical of or opposed to authority, state power, warfare, militarism and nationalism, but some libertarians diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems. Various schools of Libertarian thought offer a range of views regarding the legitimate functions of state and private power, often calling for the restriction or dissolution of coercive social institutions. Different categori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Châtelaillon-Plage
Châtelaillon-Plage (, also ), commonly known as Châtelaillon, is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department, administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. It is located south of the city of La Rochelle and is also a suburb. It is twinned with Knebworth, England. History In the 16th century near the point of Cornard today featured a fortress known as ''Castrum Allionis'', the old capital of Aunis. On August 1130, the Duke of Aquitaine William X of Poitiers, besieged the château. The leader of the place Isembert deprived its troops. The rest of the fortress were totally despaired in the 16th century, a small hamlet with bells of the swamps. During the 19th century, it had agricultural area in Boucholeurs. At the end of the nineteenth century, it was linked with rail, it constructed its first baths ''bains de mar'' with numerous villas. Today, the location of the mediaeval château is uncertain, it may also located by the Turge. Education *École maternelle et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Anarchie
''L'Anarchie'' (, ''anarchy'') was a French individualist anarchist journal established in April 1905 by Albert Libertad. Along with Libertad, contributors to the journal included Émile Armand, André Lorulot, Émilie Lamotte, Raymond Callemin, and Victor Serge). The magazine was based in Paris. 484 editions were published between 13 April 1905 and 22 July 1914. On 21 April 1926 Louis Louvet relaunched ''L'Anarchie'', which appeared until 1929. Founding L'Anarchie was founded by Albert Libertad in 1905, with the first issue appearing on April 13. Libertad was a more militant anarchist, urging individuals to rebel, instead of the more common idea of a social revolution. L'Anarchie was against Anarcho-syndicalism and the traditional anarchism of Kropotkin or Bakunin, believing in the act of rebelling as individuals rather than the utopian egalitarian society most Anarcho-Syndicalists fight for. Émile Armand said in an interview that " ibertadknew of Stirner and Nietzsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reforms Of French Orthography
French orthography was already (more or less) fixed and (from a phonological point of view) outdated when its lexicography developed in the late 17th century and the Académie française was mandated to establish an "official" prescriptive norm. Still, there was already much debate at the time opposing the tenets of a traditional, etymological orthography, and supporting those of a reformed, phonological transcription of the language. César-Pierre Richelet chose the latter (reformed) option when he published the first monolingual French dictionary in 1680, but the chose to adhere firmly to tradition in the first edition of its dictionary (1694). Some proposals exist to simplify the existing writing system, but they still fail to gather interest. 16th century Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spelling
Spelling is a set of conventions that regulate the way of using graphemes (writing system) to represent a language in its written form. In other words, spelling is the rendering of speech sound (phoneme) into writing (grapheme). Spelling is one of the elements of orthography, and highly standardized spelling is a prescriptive element. Spellings originated as transcriptions of the sounds of spoken language according to the alphabetic principle. They remain largely reflective of the sounds, although fully phonemic spelling is an ideal that most languages' orthographies only approximate, some more closely than others. This is true for various reasons, including that pronunciation changes over time in all languages, yet spellings as visual norms may resist change. In addition, words from other languages may be adopted without being adapted to the spelling system, and different meanings of a word or homophones may be deliberately spelled in different ways to differentiate them visu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montmartre
Montmartre ( , ) is a large hill in Paris's northern 18th arrondissement. It is high and gives its name to the surrounding district, part of the Right Bank. The historic district established by the City of Paris in 1995 is bordered by Rue Caulaincourt and Rue Custine on the north, the Rue de Clignancourt on the east and the Boulevard de Clichy and Boulevard de Rochechouart to the south, containing . Montmartre is primarily known for its artistic history, the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur on its summit, as well as a nightclub district. The other church on the hill, Saint Pierre de Montmartre, built in 1147, was the church of the prestigious Montmartre Abbey. On 15 August 1534, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Saint Francis Xavier and five other companions bound themselves by vows in the Martyrium of Saint Denis, 11 Rue Yvonne Le Tac, the first step in the creation of the Jesuits. Near the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th, during the Belle Époqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyamory
Polyamory () is the practice of, or desire for, romantic relationships with more than one partner at the same time, with the informed consent of all partners involved. People who identify as polyamorous may believe in open relationships with a conscious management of jealousy and reject the view that sexual and relational exclusivity are prerequisite for deep, committed, long-term, loving relationships. Others prefer to restrict their sexual activity to only members of the group, a closed polyamorous relationship that is usually referred to as polyfidelity. ''Polyamory'' has come to be an umbrella term for various forms of non-monogamous, multi-partner relationships, or non-exclusive sexual or romantic relationships. Its usage reflects the choices and philosophies of the individuals involved, but with recurring themes or values, such as love, intimacy, honesty, integrity, equality, communication, and commitment. It can sometimes be distinguished from some other forms of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
