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Amerikanka (film)
The Pre-Trial Detention Centre of the KGB of Belarus ( be, Следчы ізалятар КДБ Беларусі, translit=Sledčy izaliatar KDB Bielarusi; russian: Следственный изолятор КГБ Республики Беларусь, translit=Sledstvenny izolyator KGB Respubliki Belarus, СИЗО КГБ, SIZO KGB, also informally called Amerikanka ( be, Амерыканка, translit=Amierykanka, lit=American; russian: Американка) is a pre-trial prison in the centre of Minsk, operated by the KGB of Belarus. The prison is used for detaining persons against whom investigation is being carried out by the KGB of Belarus, in particular, in cases where state interests are involved. History The prison firstly operated as the internal prison of the Soviet secret police, the Cheka. It was constructed in the 1920s as part of a complex of buildings used by the Cheka. The informal name ''Amerikanka'' is believed to be referring to the prison's form as a Panopt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KGB (Belarus)
The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus (KGB RB; russian: Комитет государственной безопасности Республики Беларусь, КГБ РБ; be, Камітэт дзяржаўнай бяспекі Рэспублікі Беларусь, КДБ РБ, Kamitet dziaržaŭnaj biaspieki Respubliki Belarus', KDB RB) is the national intelligence agency of Belarus. Along with its counterparts in Transnistria and South Ossetia, it kept the unreformed name after declaring independence. It is the successor to the KGB of the Byelorussian SSR, a branch of the Soviet KGB which operated in the Byelorussian republic. Felix Dzerzhinsky, who founded the first Soviet secret police, the Cheka, was born in present-day Belarus and remains an important figure in the state ideology of Belarus under president Alexander Lukashenko as well as a patron of the Belarusian KGB. It is governed by the law ''About State Security Bodies of the Republic o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment
Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (CIDT) is treatment of persons which is contrary to human rights or dignity, but is not classified as torture. It is forbidden by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the United Nations Convention against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Although the distinction between torture and CIDT is maintained from a legal point of view, medical and psychological studies have found that it does not exist from the psychological point of view, and people subjected to CIDT will experience the same consequences as survivors of torture. Based on this research, some practitioners have recommended abolishing the distinction. Inhuman treatment The Equality and Human Rights Commission defines inhuman treatment as: * serious physical assault * psychological interrogation * cruel detention conditions or restraints * physical or psychological abuse in a healthcare s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Świątek
Kazimierz Cardinal Świątek ( be, Казімір Свёнтак, translit=Kazimir Sviontak; 21 October 1914 – 21 July 2011) was a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who was most known for his resistance to Cold War-era Soviet communism and for his service in Minsk, Belarus. Cardinal Swiatek was the former Metropolitan Archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev, Minsk-Mohilev, and Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk. Świątek was born to Polish people, Polish parents in the municipality of Walk, in what was then the Russian Empire, the present-day municipality of Valga, Estonia. His family was deported to Siberia during the Russian Revolution (1917), Russian Revolution. His father died fighting in the Polish-Soviet War. The future Cardinal lived in newly independent Poland from 1922. After completing his philosophical and theological studies at the seminary in Pinsk, Świątek was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest in 1939, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Invasion Of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subsequent military operations lasted for the following 20 days and ended on 6 October 1939 with the two-way division and annexation of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This division is sometimes called the Fourth Partition of Poland. The Soviet (as well as German) invasion of Poland was indirectly indicated in the "secret protocol" of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed on 23 August 1939, which divided Poland into "spheres of influence" of the two powers. German and Soviet cooperation in the invasion of Poland has been described as co-belligerence. The Red Army, which vastly outnumbered the Polish defenders, achieved its targets, encountering only limited resistance. Some 320,000 Pole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valery Marakou
Valery Marakou ( be, Валеры Маракоў; russian: Валерий Дмитриевич Моряков; 29 October 1937) was a Belarusian poet and translator. Biography First verses of poetry by Marakou were published as ''Petals'' in 1925 (as stated by Leanid Marakou, though the cover (illustrated) states 1926), and attracted the attention of the famous Belarusian poet Yanka Kupala who supported the young poet. During Marakou's short lifetime, four books of his poetry had been published. In March 1935 Marakou was arrested by agents of the Cheka for the first time. He was arrested again on 6 November 1936. In October 1937, after a year of torture, Marakou was charged with being "a member of a counter-revolutionary national-fascist organisation", at a session of NKVD's "troika". He was executed by firing squad in the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians on 29 October in the internal NKVD prison in Minsk, together with other 22 Belarusian intellectuals and social activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platon Halavach
Platon Halavach ( Belarusian, Платон Раманавіч Галавач, russian: Плато́н Рома́нович Голова́ч; 1903 – October 29, 1937) was a Belarusian writer. During the Great Purge, he became a victim of the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians In October 1937, there was a mass extermination of Belarusian writers, artists and statespeople by the Soviet Union occupying authorities. This event marked the peak of the Great Purge and repressions of Belarusians in the Soviet-controlled area o .... Bibliography * '' Ліўшыц, У.'' Платон Галавач: лёс чалавека і пісьменніка// Брама. 2016.Вып.4.— Мн.: С.245-258. * ''Луфераў М.,'' Платон Галавач, в кн.: Гiсторыя беларускай савецкай лiтаратуры, т. 1. — Miнск, 1964. * ''Каленкович И.'' Творчество Платона Головача: (Жанрово-стилевое сво� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatol Volny
Anatol' Volny (left) and Mihas' Charot {{Expand Belarusian, Анатоль Вольны, date=June 2017 Biography From the family of a civil servant. In 1911, he entered the Abbot's Gymnasium, received secondary education. He graduated from the Marinagore Railway School of the 2nd degree In 1920, he joined the Red Army as a volunteer, took part in battles with the interventionists. After demobilization in 1921, he worked in the Central Committee of the LKSM; in the newspaper "Moladi Arati". Studied at BSU. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was an active participant in the literary and artistic movement in Belarus. From 1923 in the "Maladnyak" literary association, and from 1928 - in "Polimi". Member of the SP of the BSSR (since 1934). He was married, raising a child. Arrested on November 4, 1936 in Minsk at the address: st. M. Hopkago, d. 4, quarter 6. On October 28, 1937, as a "member of a counter-revolutionary organization", he was convicted by an extrajudicial body of the National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakau Branshteyn
Yakau Anatolevich Branshteyn ( Belarusian: Якаў Анатолевіч Бранштэйн, russian: Яков Анатольевич Бронштейн, ''Yakov Anatolyevich Bronshteyn''; November 10, 1897 - October 29, 1937) was a Belarusian literary critic. He was born in Bielsk Podlaski in the Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Poland). During the Great Purge, he was shot as part of the 1937 mass execution of Belarusians. After the death of Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ..., he was rehabilitated. References * Бародзіч Д. Спадчына Я. Бранштэйна // ЛіМ. 1958, 23 ліп. * Лынькоў М. Ён быў сярод нас… // ЛіМ. 1962, 25 снеж. * БП, т. 1. * Возвращенные име� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1937 Mass Execution Of Belarusians
In October 1937, there was a mass extermination of Belarusian writers, artists and statespeople by the Soviet Union occupying authorities. This event marked the peak of the Great Purge and repressions of Belarusians in the Soviet-controlled area of eastern Belarus. More than 100 notable persons were executed, most of them on the night of 2930 October 1937. Their innocence was later admitted by the Soviet Union after Joseph Stalin's death. History On 7 September 1937 Joseph Stalin signed a list of persons to be judged by a Soviet Military commission. The list was also signed by Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Klim Voroshilov and Nikolay Yezhov. There were trials related to persons from the Belarusian SSR and these were given in a different list dated 15 September 1937 and signed by Stalin, Molotov and the senior state security official Vladimir Tsesarsky. The list of people from the Belarusian SSR sentenced to be executed included 103 persons, and six more persons wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rada BNR
The Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic ( be, Рада Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі, Рада БНР, Rada BNR) was the governing body of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Since 1919, the Rada BNR has been in exile where it has preserved its existence among the Belarusian diaspora as an advocacy group promoting support to Belarusian independence and democracy in Belarus among Western policymakers. As of 2022, the Rada BNR is the oldest existing government in exile. Formation The Rada BNR was founded as the executive body of the First All-Belarusian Congress, held in Minsk in December 1917 with over 1800 participants from different regions of Belarus including representatives of Belarusian national organisations, regional zemstva, main Christian denominations and Belarusian Jewish political parties. The work of the Congress was violently interrupted by the Bolsheviks. After retreat of the Bolsheviks from Minsk, the Rada (council) dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Belarus
Western Belorussia or Western Belarus ( be, Заходняя Беларусь, translit=Zachodniaja Bielaruś; pl, Zachodnia Białoruś; russian: Западная Белоруссия, translit=Zapadnaya Belorussiya) is a historical region of modern-day Belarus which belonged to the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period. For twenty years before the 1939 invasion of Poland, it was the northern part of the Polish Kresy macroregion. Following the end of World War II in Europe, most of Western Belorussia was ceded to the Soviet Union by the Allies, while some of it, including Białystok, was given to the Polish People's Republic. Until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Western Belorussia formed the western part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). Today, it constitutes the west of modern Belarus. Created by the USSR after the conquest of Poland, the new western provinces of Byelorussian SSR acquired from Poland included Baranavichy, Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barys Rahula
Barys Rahula ( be, Барыс Рагуля, Boris Ragula, 1 January 1920 – 22 April 2005) was a Belarusian political activist. He served as a military commander with the pro-German Belarusian Home Defence (BKA) during the Second World War. After the war he studied medicine in the West and became a doctor in Canada. Life Barys Rahula was born near Navahrudak and spent his early years in West Belarus, then part of the Second Polish Republic. In 1938, he became student at the University of Vilnius but was mobilized into the Polish army after the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland. He soon became a German POW, but in 1940 escaped from German prison to West Belarus occupied by the Soviets. In Belarus, he got arrested by the NKVD but managed to escape from prison in the first days after Germany's attack on the USSR. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
