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Ambigolimax Waterstoni
''Ambigolimax waterstoni'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae. Taxonomy This is one of the several species formerly confused under the name ''Limax nyctelius'' and later ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' or ''Ambigolimax nyctelius''. In the early 1930s A.R. Waterston wrote his undergraduate thesis describing a species of "''Limax''" from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. These specimens and others were the basis for H.E. Quick in 1946 to name them as ''Limax nyctelius'', a species described from Algeria. By that time M. Connolly had used this name for the same species in South Africa. It was subsequently reported more widely. Only in 2022 was it realised that these further findings were not all of the same species: slugs from the Carpathian Mountains and Bulgaria were of a species now called '' Lehmannia carpatica'' and the recently invasive species in Western Europe and California has been renamed ''Ambigolimax p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehmannia Carpatica
''Lehmannia carpatica'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae. Taxonomy When Grossu & Lupu (1963) first noted this species, in Romania, its long penis and lack of penial appendage led it to be confused with ''Ambigolimax waterstoni'', which at that time was incorrectly named as ''Limax nyctelius''; the later renamings as ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' or ''Ambigolimax nyctelius'' remained incorrect. Only in 2022 was the confusion recognised, requiring both ''A. waterstoni'' and ''L. carpatica'' to be formally described as distinct species. The same article described a third species, ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' that had also been called ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' and confused with the other two; the article further pointed out that the original name ''Limax nyctelius'' referred to a species of ''Letourneuxia''. ''Lehmannia carpatica'' had also been misidentified as ''Mesolimax braunii'' in an article published in 1898. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pneumostome
The pneumostome or breathing pore is a respiratory opening of the external body anatomy of an air-breathing land slug or land snail. It is a part of the respiratory system of gastropods. It is an opening in the right side of the mantle of a stylommatophoran snail or slug. Air enters through the pneumostome into the animal's single lung, the air-filled mantle cavity. Inside the mantle cavity the animal has a highly vascularized area of tissue that functions as a lung. The pneumostome is often much easier to see in slugs than in snails, because of the absence of a shell which can often block the view of this area. In a land slug, when the pneumostome is wide open, it is usually very clearly visible on the right side of the animal. However, the position of the pneumostome is often not at all easy to discern when this orifice is completely closed. The pneumostome opens and closes in a cyclical manner. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically less than 0.5 cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elba
Elba ( it, isola d'Elba, ; la, Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is also part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park, and the third largest island in Italy, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea about east of the French island of Corsica. The island is part of the province of Livorno and is divided into seven municipalities, with a total population of about 30,000 inhabitants which increases considerably during the summer. The municipalities are Portoferraio (which is also the island's principal town), Campo nell'Elba, Capoliveri, Marciana, Marciana Marina, Porto Azzurro, and Rio. Elba was the site of Napoleon's first exile, from 1814 to 1815. Geography Elba is the largest remaining stretch of land from the ancient tract that once connected the Italian peninsula to Corsica. The northern coast faces the Ligurian Sea, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Scotland
The National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Scottish Museum (opened in 1866 as the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, renamed in 1904, and for the period between 1985 and the merger named the Royal Museum of Scotland or simply the Royal Museum), with international collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free. The two buildings retain distinctive characters: the Museum of Scotland is housed in a modern building opened in 1998, while the former Royal Museum building was begun in 1861 and partially opened in 1866, with a Victorian Venetian Renaissance facade and a gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letourneuxia
''Letourneuxia'' is a genus of large air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Species This genus is monotypic, containing the single species * ''Letourneuxia nyctelia'' (Bourguignat, 1861) ''Letourneuxia numidica'' Bourguignat, 1866 is now considered a junior synonym of ''L. nyctelia''. ''Letourneuxia moreleti'' (P. Hesse 1884) is considered either as another synonym of ''L. nyctelia'' or as a species in the genus ''Geomalacus ''Geomalacus'' is a genus of large air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Etymology The Ancient Greek word () means the Earth. The Greek word () means mollusc. Distr ...''. References Further reading ''Molluscos Terrestres. Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de Andalucía'' pages 612-614. External links AnimalBase info Arionidae Gastropod genera {{Arionidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letourneuxia Nyctelia
''Letourneuxia nyctelia'' is a species of terrestrial slug, a gastropod mollusc, belonging to the family Arionidae. Taxonomy For many years this species was known as ''Letourneuxia numidica'', described by Bourguignat from Algeria. The other species of ''Letourneuxia'' were synonymised with ''L. numidica'' by Wiktor. These included ''Letourneuxia moreleti'', which Castillejo considered instead to be a species of '' Geomalacus'' (criticised by ). In 2022 it was proposed that Bourguignat's 1861 description of ''Limax nyctelius'' referred to a juvenile of the same species that he described five years later as ''Letourneuxia numidica''. The forward position of the pneumostome is not known in any other North African species, and the stripes match. So the name of this species has now become ''Letourneuxia nyctelia'' (Bourguignat, 1861). The lectotype has been designated as the specimen in the illustration referred to in the original species description. Distribution and ecology The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambigolimax Parvipenis
''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the Limacidae. Taxonomy ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' was first clearly characterised in 2014, based on specimens from the British Isles. This work showed it to be distinct from the externally similar '' Ambigolimax valentianus'' on the basis both of genital anatomy and of the genetic sequences in the barcoding COI mitochondrial gene. The species later named ''Ambigolimax parvipenis'' was at that time referred to as ''Ambigolimax nyctelius'' (Bourguignat, 1861) because of some similarity in genital anatomy with a slug species from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh that had been named ''Limax nyctelius'' or ''Lehmannia nyctelia'' (since renamed '' Ambigolimax waterstoni''). These two slug species both lack a penial appendage but differ considerably in the length of the penis. In 2022 it was shown that they are indeed different species, that they had both been confu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches from the far eastern Czech Republic (3%) and Austria (1%) in the northwest through Slovakia (21%), Poland (10%), Ukraine (10%), Romania (50%) to Serbia (5%) in the south. "The Carpathians" European Travel Commission, in The Official Travel Portal of Europe, Retrieved 15 November 2016 The Carpathian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semislugs (this is in contrast to the common name ''snail'', which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it). Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite a superficial similarity in the overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic. Taxonomy Of the six orders of Pulmonata, two – the Onchidiacea and Soleolifera – solely comprise slugs. A third family, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew William Kemble Connolly
Matthew William Kemble Connolly (13 February 1872 – 24 February 1947) was a British army officer and malacologist. Biography Connolly was born at Bath, the son of Vice-Admiral Matthew Connolly, R.N., and his wife Harriet Kemble. He was educated at Haileybury College and trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned into the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry as a second lieutenant on 7 November 1891. He was promoted captain on 26 July 1899. He was appointed adjutant of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment on 23 April 1900, and held that position until 23 April 1905, and returned to regimental duties on 6 May. From this point much of his service was in South Africa.R. W. (1949"Obituary: Matthew William Kemble Connolly, 1872–1947" ''Proceedings of the Malacological Society'' 28: 2. He was promoted major on 9 July 1910. While in South Africa, Connolly took an interest in minerals and then started observing snails in the field. He to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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