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Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) is a stimulant compound developed in the 1960s which has been reported as a novel designer drug. It can be thought of as the homologue lying between the two better known drugs α-PPP and α-PVP. Legality In the United States, it is a Schedule I controlled substance. Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify α-PBP as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. As of October 2015 α-PBP is a controlled substance in China. See also * α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) * α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) * α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (α-PVT) * α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) * 4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MPBP) * 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MDPBP) is a stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s, which has been reported as a novel designer drug. MDPBP is sometimes sold under the name "NRG-1" as a mixture with other cathi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (also known as α-PVT) is a synthetic stimulant of the Substituted cathinone, cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an Structural analog, analogue of Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone, α-PVP where the Phenyl group, phenyl ring has been replaced by thiophene. α-PVT was first identified in Japan in 2013. Its metabolism has been described in literature. Side effects α-PVT has been shown to possess high cytotoxicity against human cell lines. Legality Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying α-PVT as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. α-PVT is a controlled substance in China. α-PVT is illegal in Switzerland . See also * alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) * Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) * Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone, α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) * Methiopropamine * Naphyrone (O-2482) * Pyrovalerone (O-2371) * Thiopro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone
α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP, A-PHP, Aphp, alpha-PHP, α-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone, PV-7) is a synthetic stimulant drug of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s which has been reported as a novel designer drug. Similar chemical compounds α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone is a longer chain homologue of α-PVP, having an extra carbon on the alkyl side chain. Regarding the potency of alpha-PHP in the brain, chemist Michael H. Baumann of the Designer Drug Research Unit (established by Baumann) of the National Institute on Drug Abuse stated: "alpha-PHP might be even more potent than alpha-PVP"; this statement is based on laboratory tests of chemical reactivity. Pyrovalerone is a structural isomer of alpha-PHP. Legality In the United States, α-PHP in the past has been assigned to Schedule I on a Temporary Placement basis, although the order has expired without renewal or permanent placement and is no longer Scheduled at the Federal level as of July 2021. Despite this however, Π... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone
4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone or MPBP is a stimulant compound which has been reported as a novel designer drug. It is closely related to pyrovalerone, being simply its chain-shortened homologue. See also * α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) * 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MDPBP) is a stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s, which has been reported as a novel designer drug. MDPBP is sometimes sold under the name "NRG-1" as a mixture with other cathin ... (MDPBP) References Designer drugs Stimulants Pyrrolidinophenones 4-Tolyl compounds {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone
3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MDPBP) is a stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s, which has been reported as a novel designer drug. MDPBP is sometimes sold under the name "NRG-1" as a mixture with other cathinone derivatives, including flephedrone, pentylone, MαPPP and its higher homologue MDPV. As with other cathinones, MDPBP has been shown to have reinforcing effects in rats. The main metabolic steps are thought to be demethylenation followed by methylation of one hydroxy group, aromatic and side chain hydroxylation, oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring to the corresponding lactam as well as ring opening to the corresponding carboxylic acid. CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have been identified as the isoenzymes mainly responsible for demethylenation. Legal Status MDPBP is a controlled substance in Poland and China. See also * α-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP) * Butylone * 3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP) * Methylenedioxypyr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Department Of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United States. It is equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries. The department is headed by the U.S. attorney general, who reports directly to the president of the United States and is a member of the president's Cabinet. The current attorney general is Merrick Garland, who was sworn in on March 11, 2021. The modern incarnation of the Justice Department was formed in 1870 during the Ulysses S. Grant presidency. The department comprises federal law enforcement agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. It also has eight major divisions of lawyers who rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug Enforcement Administration
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA; ) is a Federal law enforcement in the United States, United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating drug trafficking and distribution within the U.S. It is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection although the DEA has sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing U.S. drug investigations both domestically and abroad. The DEA has an DEA Office of National Security Intelligence, intelligence unit that is also a member of the United States Intelligence Community, U.S. Intelligence Community. While the unit is part of the DEA chain-of-command, it also reports to the Director of National Intelligence. History and mandate The Drug Enforcement Administration was established on July 1, 1973, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have Sympathomimetic drug, sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or Prohibition (drugs), illicitly) as performance-enhancing substance, performance-enhancing or recreational drug use, recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or ''Comedown (drugs), comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Designer Drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS) as well as analogs of performance-enhancing drugs such as designer steroids. Some of these were originally synthesized by academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer side effects, and shorter duration (and possibly also because it is easier to apply for patents for new molecules) and were later co-opted for recreational use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the first time in clandestine laboratories. Because the efficacy and safety of these substances have not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of some of these drugs may result i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homology (chemistry)
In chemistry, homology is the appearance of homologues. A homologue (also spelled as homolog) is a compound belonging to a series of compounds differing from each other by a repeating unit, such as a methylene bridge −−, a peptide residue, etc. A homolog is a special case of an analog. Examples are alkanes and compounds with alkyl side chains of different length (the repeating unit being a methylene group -CH2-). Periodic table On the periodic table, homologous elements share many electrochemical properties and appear in the same group (column) of the table. For example, all noble gases are colorless, monatomic gases with very low reactivity. These similarities are due to similar structure in their outer shells of valence electrons. Mendeleev used the prefix eka- for an unknown element below a known one in the same group. See also * Homologous series * Analog Analog or analogue may refer to: Computing and electronics * Analog signal, in which information is enco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
α-PVP
α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (also known as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP, O-2387, β-keto-prolintane, prolintanone, or desmethylpyrovalerone) is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s that has been sold as a designer drug. Colloquially, it is sometimes called flakka. α-PVP is chemically related to pyrovalerone and is the ketone analog of prolintane. Adverse effects α-PVP, like other psychostimulants, can cause hyperstimulation, paranoia, and hallucinations. α-PVP has been reported to be the cause, or a significant contributory cause of death in suicides and overdoses caused by combinations of drugs. α-PVP has also been linked to at least one death with pulmonary edema and moderately advanced atherosclerotic coronary disease when it was combined with pentedrone. According to Craig Crespi in the journal '' Case Reports in Psychiatry'', "symptoms are known to easily escalate into frightening delusions, paranoid psychosis, extreme agitation, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schedule I Controlled Substance
This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act. 21 CFRbr>1308.11(CSA Sched I) with changes through (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013. The following findings are required for drugs to be placed in this schedule: # The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. # The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. # There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. Except as specifically authorized, it is illegal for any person: # to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a controlled substance; or # to create, distribute, dispense, or possess with intent to distribute or dispense, a counterfeit substance. Additional substances are added to the list by the Secretary of Health and Human Services pursuant to 21 CFR 1308.49. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
