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Allied Maritime Transport Council
The Allied Maritime Transport Council (AMTC) was an international agency created during World War I to coordinate shipping between the allied powers of France, Italy, Great Britain, and the United States. The council (based in London) was formed at a conference in Paris on 3 November 1917, in response to the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare earlier that year. The United States formally joined the AMTC only on October 1, 1918. The Transport Council existed until March 1919, when it was merged with the Supreme Economic Council. Its executive committees were disbanded. Prelude In January 1917 the Inter-Allied Shipping Committee was established with representatives from Great Britain, France, and Italy. However this body was ineffective lacking ministerial input for policy development or suitable officials to organise either shipping or supplies. Russia was not involved – shipping issues as regards this country being followed in a different basis. By the time the AMTC was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Loucheur
Louis Loucheur (12 August 1872 in Roubaix, Nord (French department), Nord – 22 November 1931 in Paris) was a French politician in the French Third Republic, Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals. Harold Nicolson, in "Curzon The Last Phase 1919-1921," wrote, in his biographical footnote on Loucheur, "one of the most reasonable and intelligent of French post-war experts; not a politician." Life Coming from a background in the arms industry, Loucheur became Minister of Armaments (France), Minister of Armaments in September 1917. He was administrator of Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre (TLH) when he was appointed Minister of Armaments. He replaced Albert Thomas (minister), Albert Thomas and served as armaments minister until 26 November, 1918 when he became Minister of Industrial Re-construction where he remained until 20 January, 1920. He was the principal econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1917 Establishments In France
Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's Desert Column. * January 10 – Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition: Seven survivors of the Ross Sea party were rescued after being stranded for several months. * January 11 – Unknown saboteurs set off the Kingsland Explosion at Kingsland (modern-day Lyndhurst, New Jersey), one of the events leading to United States involvement in WWI. * January 16 – The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million. * January 22 – WWI: United States President Woodrow Wilson calls for "peace without victory" in Germany. * January 25 ** WWI: British armed merchantman is sunk by mines off Lough Swilly (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard. ** An anti-prostitution drive in San Francisco occurs, and police ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Logistics Of World War I
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's mili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Palin Elderton
Sir William Palin Elderton KBE PhD (Oslo) (1877–1962) was a British actuary who served as president of the Institute of Actuaries (1932–1934). Elderton also had a very long association with the statistical journal Biometrika. In its early days he published several articles, and in 1935 he became chairman of the Biometrika Trust. In 1900 when he was training to be an actuary Elderton met Karl Pearson and was drawn into the University College statistical group. In 1902 Elderton computed the first tables of Pearson's chi-squared and in 1907 he published an exposition of the Pearson curves for actuaries. His sister Ethel M. Elderton worked for Pearson, and together the Eldertons wrote an introduction to the new ideas in statistics. She provided financial backing for Pearson's Anthropometric Laboratory, "his fourth laboratory". Elderton was an invited speaker in the International Congress of Mathematicians 1908, Rome.''A comparison of some curves used for graduating chance distrib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dwight Morrow
Dwight Whitney Morrow (January 11, 1873October 5, 1931) was an American businessman, diplomat, and politician, best known as the U.S. ambassador who improved U.S.-Mexican relations, mediating the religious conflict in Mexico known as the Cristero rebellion (1926–29), but also contributing to an easing of conflict between the two countries over oil. The Morrow Mission to Mexico was an "important step in the 'retreat from imperialism.Howard F. Cline, ''The United States and Mexico''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1961, p. 212. He was the father of Anne Morrow and father-in-law of Charles A. Lindbergh. Life Of Scotch-Irish descent, Morrow was born in Huntington, West Virginia. He moved with his parents, James Elmore and Clara (Johnson) Morrow to Allegheny, Pennsylvania in 1875. His father James was principal of Marshall College, which is now Marshall University. Morrow's great-great-grandfather Alexander Morrow had immigrated to America from Ireland around the year 1803. Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartel
A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market. Cartels are usually associations in the same sphere of business, and thus an alliance of rivals. Most jurisdictions consider it anti-competitive behavior and have outlawed such practices. Cartel behavior includes price fixing, bid rigging, and reductions in output. The doctrine in economics that analyzes cartels is cartel theory. Cartels are distinguished from other forms of collusion or anti-competitive organization such as corporate mergers. Etymology The word ''cartel'' comes from the Italian word '' cartello'', which means a "leaf of paper" or "placard", and is itself derived from the Latin ''charta'' meaning "card". The Italian word became ''cartel'' in Middle French, which was borrowed into English. In English, the word was originally used for a written agreement between warring nations to regulate the treatment and exchange of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernardo Attolico
Bernardo Attolico (17 January 1880, Canneto di Bari – 9 February 1942, Rome) was an Italian diplomat. In 1915 he was appointed to represent the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce at the Commission Internationale de Ravitaillement in London. Then in 1916 he represented Italy in the Wheat Executive, and later the War Purchases and Finance Council, and the executive Committee of the Allied Maritime Transport Council and the Food Council Executive. In 1919 he participated in the peace negotiations in Paris. He served as the High Commissioner of the League of Nations at Danzig (1920-1921), Italian ambassador to Brazil (1928–1930), to the Soviet Union (1930–1935), to Nazi Germany (1935–1940) as well as ambassador to the Holy See in Rome (1940–1942). References External links * Photos of Bernardo Attolico in ''Immaginario Diplomatico'' - collection of historical photos of Italian Diplomatsby Stefano Baldi Stefano Baldi is an Italian ambassador an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Monnet
Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (; 9 November 1888 – 16 March 1979) was a French civil servant, entrepreneur, diplomat, financier, administrator, and political visionary. An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Jean Monnet has been called "The Father of Europe" by those who see his innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s as the key to establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of today's European Union. Although Monnet was never elected to public office, he worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected "pragmatic internationalist". For three decades, Jean Monnet and Charles de Gaulle had a multifaceted relationship, at some times cooperative and at other times distrustful, from a first encounter in London during the Battle of France in mid-June 1940 until De Gaulle's death in November 1970. Monnet and De Gaulle have been referred to tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter
James Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter, (15 March 1881 – 27 June 1975) was a British politician and academic, who played a minor, but important role in the foundations of pan-European government. Background and education Salter was the eldest son of James Edward Salter (1857–1937) of the River Thames, Thames boating company Salters Steamers, and who became Mayor of Oxford in 1909. Educated at Oxford City High School and Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was a scholar, he graduated with first class honours in Literae Humaniores in 1903. Career Salter joined the British Civil Service, Civil Service in 1904 and worked in the transport department of the British Admiralty, Admiralty, on national insurance, and as private secretary, being promoted to Assistant Secretary grade in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to Washington D.C. to press for a US programme of new construction. In 1917–18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Rublee
George Rublee (1868–1957) was a U.S. lawyer who involved himself with state and national political reform during the Progressive Era (1910-1918) and with international affairs from 1917 to 1945. Rublee spent much of his childhood in Europe, while his father Horace Rublee served for eight years as the United States Ambassador to Switzerland. In 1884, Rublee enrolled with the first students at the new Groton School in Massachusetts; in 1886 he became the sole member of Groton's first graduating class. He received a law degree from Harvard University in 1895. In the spring of 1896, he returned to Harvard for one semester to teach the contracts course in place of Professor Samuel Williston, who was unwell. At the end of the term, Rublee declined an invitation to join Harvard's faculty and returned to the practice of law. After serving as assistant to Wall Street corporation lawyer Victor Morawetz in the 1890s and early 1900s, Rublee entered public life when he became political advi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Bartlett Stevens
Raymond Bartlett Stevens (June 18, 1874 – May 18, 1942) was a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire. Born in Binghamton, New York, Stevens moved with his parents to Lisbon, New Hampshire, in 1876. He attended the public schools, Boston Latin School, Harvard University, and Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1899 and commenced practice in Lisbon. He served as member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1909, 1911, 1913, and 1923. He served as member of the State constitutional convention in 1912. Stevens was elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third Congress (March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1915). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1914, but was instead an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. He served as special counsel of the Federal Trade Commission, 1915–1917, and was United States representative to the Allied Maritime Transport Council in 1917 and 1918. He served as vice chairman of the United States Shipping B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
