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Alessandro Della Spina
Alessandro della Spina (born 13th century-died 1313) was a Dominican friar, credited with the invention of spectacles. Life Spina was a Dominican friar, in the second half of the 13th century, at the monastery of the Church of Santa Caterina, Pisa. The church's history is known by a manuscript, the ''Chronica antiqua'', a Pisan chronicle of the 14th century. This chronicle portrays him as a modest, intelligent, and mechanically versed copyist and illuminator, "capable of remaking anything he saw".Frugoni 2013, p5. In 1305, Jordan of Pisa, a friar of the same monastery, was recorded to have spoken of Spina in one of his sermons; lay listeners wrote the sermons down. Jordan declared that glasses were less than 20 years old, and he had known their creator well, but without giving his name. Discussion In the 17th century, Carlo Roberto Dati argued Jordan meant Spina. He did not have access to the Chronica antiqua manuscript, but relied on a transcription by his friend Francesco Redi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Preachers
The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of Caleruega. It was approved by Pope Honorius III via the papal bull ''Religiosam vitam'' on 22 December 1216. Members of the order, who are referred to as ''Dominicans'', generally carry the letters ''OP'' after their names, standing for ''Ordinis Praedicatorum'', meaning ''of the Order of Preachers''. Membership in the order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries). More recently there has been a growing number of associates of the religious sisters who are unrelated to the tertiaries. Founded to preach the Gospel and to oppose heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organisation placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Age ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectacles
Glasses, also known as eyeglasses or spectacles, are vision eyewear, with lenses (clear or tinted) mounted in a frame that holds them in front of a person's eyes, typically utilizing a bridge over the nose and hinged arms (known as temples or temple pieces) that rest over the ears. Glasses are typically used for vision correction, such as with reading glasses and glasses used for nearsightedness; however, without the specialized lenses, they are sometimes used for cosmetic purposes. Safety glasses provide eye protection against flying debris for construction workers or lab technicians; these glasses may have protection for the sides of the eyes as well as in the lenses. Some types of safety glasses are used to protect against visible and near-visible light or radiation. Glasses are worn for eye protection in some sports, such as squash. Glasses wearers may use a strap to prevent the glasses from falling off. Wearers of glasses that are used only part of the time may hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Caterina, Pisa
Santa Caterina d'Alessandria is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church in Pisa, region of Tuscany, Italy. History It is mentioned for the first time in 1211, then associated with a hospital. The current edifice was built between 1251 and 1300, commissioned by Saint Dominic himself, and entrusted to the friars of his order. by Pandolfo Titi, Lucca (1751), page 144. The façade (completed in 1326) has a pointed shape with white and grey marble, with, in the upper section, two order of small Gothic loggias and a central |
Jordan Of Pisa
Jordan of Pisa (Italian ''Giordano da Pisa''), also called Jordan of Rivalto (''Giordano da Rivalto'', 1255 – 19 August 1311), was a Dominican theologian and the first preacher whose vernacular Italian sermons are preserved. His ''cultus'' was confirmed on 23 August 1833 by Pope Gregory XVI and he was beatified in 1838; his day is either March 6 or August 19. His relics are in the church of Santa Caterina in Pisa. Jordan was born in the mid thirteenth century at Pisa. He was educated at Pisa and then Paris in the late 1270s, where he received his bachelor's in theology. He went on to join the Dominican house there in 1280. He returned to Pisa in 1280, where he lived as one of the brothers at the convent of Santa Caterina. At Pisa he founded the Confraternity of the Holy Redeemer, whose constitution survives, and several others, whose do not. Jordan continued his studies at the University of Bologna and lived in Paris from 1285 to 1288, before returning to Pisa. He preach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Roberto Dati
Carlo Roberto Dati (2 October 1619 – 1676) was a Florentine nobleman, philologist and scientist, a disciple of Galileo (1564-1642) and, in his youth, an acquaintance of Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647). Biography Dati was born in Florence. He was first educated under Pietro Vettorio the Younger, but then learned classical languages from Giovanni Battista Doni. He befriended Lorenzo Magalotti (1637-1712) and Francesco Redi (1626-1697). Redi dedicated his ''Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl'insetti'' xperiments on the generation of insects(Florence, 1668) to Dati. A founder of the Accademia del Cimento, Dati participated assiduously in its meetings. He was admitted as a member of the Accademia della Crusca at the age of 21 year in 1640. He became Secretary for that society in 1647, and initiated the work that led to the third edition of the ''Vocabolario'' (1691) and wrote the ''Discorso dell'obbligo di ben parlare la propria lingua'' (1657), in which he staunchly cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesco Redi
Francesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet. He is referred to as the "founder of experimental biology", and as the "father of modern parasitology". He was the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. Having a doctoral degree in both medicine and philosophy from the University of Pisa at the age of 21, he worked in various cities of Italy. A rationalist of his time, he was a critic of verifiable myths, such as spontaneous generation. His most famous experiments are described in his magnum opus ''Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl'insetti'' (''Experiments on the Generation of Insects''), published in 1668. He disproved that vipers drink wine and could break glasses, and that their venom was poisonous when ingested. He correctly observed that snake venoms were produced from the fangs, not the gallbladder, as was believed. He was also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico anno 2013, datISTAT/ref> Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era. It is considered by many academics to have been the birthplace of the Renaissance, becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center. During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond. Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy (established in 1861). The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Ital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvino D'Armati
Salvino D'Armato degli Armati of Florence is sometimes credited with the invention of eyeglasses in the 13th century, however it has been shown that this claim was a hoax, and that there was no member of the Armati family with that name at the time. The earliest mention of Salvino degli Armati as the inventor of eyeglasses occurred in 1684.Vincent Ilardi, ''Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes'' (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2007)pages 13–18 Ferdinando Leopoldo del Migliore (1628–1696) of Florence published a book, ''Firenze citta' noblissima illustrata'' (''Florence, Most Noble City, illustrated''). In this book, del Migliore claimed to own a burial register of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, which had recently been renovated. This register supposedly recorded Armati's epitaph as follows: ''Original'' : "Qui diace Salvino d'Armato degl' Armati di Fir., Inventor degl'occhiali. Dio gli perdon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Rosen
Edward Rosen (12 December 1906 – 28 March 1985) was an American historian, whose main field of study was early modern science and, in particular, the work of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. Academic life Edward Rosen's academic life, including his education, was spent in New York. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1926 and he received his master's (1929) and doctoral degrees (1939) from Columbia University. He was a teacher at the City College of New York and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York until his retirement in 1977, with two interruptions: he was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957–1958, and at Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. Campuses Indiana University has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration of IUPUI. *Indiana Universi ... in 1963–1964. In 1983, six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friar
A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century; the term distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A friar may be in holy orders or a Brother (Christian), brother. The most significant orders of friars are the Dominican Order, Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians, and Carmelites. Definition Friars are different from monks in that they are called to live the evangelical counsels (vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience) in service to society, rather than through cloistered asceticism and devotion. Whereas monks live in a self-sufficient community, friars work among laypeople and are supported by donations or other charitable support. Monks or nuns make their vows and commit to a particular community in a particular place. Friars commit to a comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Births
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Goryeo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1313 Deaths
Year 1313 ( MCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * November 9 – Battle of Gammelsdorf: Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria. Date unknown * The Siege of Rostock ends. * Stefan Milutin of Serbia founds the Banjska Monastery. * Wang Zhen, Chinese Yuan dynasty agronomist, government official, and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the ''Nong Shu'' (Book of Agriculture). * Mansa Musa takes power in Mali. Births * February 9 – Maria of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (d. 1357) * July 20 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (d. 1367) * August 1 – Emperor Kōgon of Japan (d. 1364) * ''date unknown'' **Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian law professor (d. 1357) **Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (d. 1375) **Cola di Rienzo, Italian political leader, papal notary and tribune of the Roman people Deaths * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
