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Alert Status
An alert state or state of alert is an indication of the state of readiness of the armed forces for military action or a state against natural disasters, terrorism or military attack. The term frequently used is "on high alert". Examples scales indicating alert state are the DEFCON levels of the US military, South Korea's "Jindogae" system, and the UK Threat Levels The United Kingdom Terror Threat Levels, often referred to as UK Threat Levels, are the alert states that have been in use since 1 August 2006 by the British government to warn of forms of terrorist activity. In September 2010 the threat levels .... High alert states are synonymous with "red alert". See also References Military life Alert measurement systems {{mil-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Force
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homeland Security Advisory System
In the United States, the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) was a color-coded terrorism threat advisory scale created in March 2002 under the Bush Administration in response to the September 11 attacks. The different levels triggered specific actions by federal agencies and state and local governments, and they affected the level of security at some airports and other public facilities. It was often called the "terror alert level" by the U.S. media. The system was replaced on April 27, 2011, with a new system called the National Terrorism Advisory System. History The system was created by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 3 on March 11, 2002, in response to the September 11 attacks. It was meant to provide a "comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to federal, state, and local authorities and to the American people." It was unveiled March 12, 2002, by Tom Ridge, then the Assistant to the President for Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COGCON
COGCON ("continuity of government readiness condition") is a United States government readiness level, roughly analogous to the DEFCON alert state system, tracking the readiness of the government in the event of an emergency. The system was introduced in National Security Presidential Directive 51, signed by George W. Bush on May 4, 2007 and can also be found in the 102 page national continuity plan. In the event of a catastrophic national emergency a shadow government can be activated to facilitate the execution of essential state functions with the assistance of the emergency relocation groups assigned to each federal agency and to a specific secure location to be activated as the COGCON level increases. For example, the Raven Rock Mountain Complex, otherwise known as Site R, will act as an alternative military command centre in the event that other primary command posts are taken offline during an emergency. Levels * COGCON 4 represents normal peacetime operations. * COGCON ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torino Scale
The Torino scale is a method for categorizing the impact hazard associated with near-Earth objects (NEOs) such as asteroids and comets. It is intended as a communication tool for astronomers and the public to assess the seriousness of collision predictions, by combining probability statistics and known kinetic damage potentials into a single threat value. The Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale is a similar, but more complex scale. Near-Earth objects with a Torino scale of 1 pop up every couple of months or so and may last a few weeks until they have a longer observation arc. Overview The Torino Scale uses an integer scale from 0 to 10. A 0 indicates an object has a negligibly small chance of collision with the Earth, compared with the usual "background noise" of collision events, or is too small to penetrate Earth's atmosphere intact. A 10 indicates that a collision is certain, and the impacting object is large enough to precipitate a global disaster. An object is assigned a 0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situation Awareness
Situational awareness or situation awareness (SA) is the perception of environmental elements and events with respect to time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their future status. An alternative definition is that situation awareness is adaptive, externally-directed consciousness that has as its products knowledge about a dynamic task environment and directed action within that environment. However, while Endsley's definition is widespread, the theory and measures used to develop it do not attract widespread consensus. SA is a nebulous concept which shares many criticisms with those levelled at the idea of consciousness itself. An early criticism of the definition and model illustrates a reasoning fallacy which has yet to be addressed in the development of SA definition and theory: Situation awareness has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-making across a broad range of situations, many of which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
REDCON
In the U.S. military, the term REDCON is short for Readiness Condition and is used to refer to a unit's readiness to respond to and engage in combat operations. There are five REDCON levels, as described below in this excerpt from Army Field Manual 71–1. Overview * REDCON-1: Full alert; unit ready to move and fight. ** WMD alarms and hot loop equipment stowed; OPs pulled in. (A hot loop is a field telephone circuit between the subunits of a company.) ** All personnel alert and mounted on vehicles; weapons manned. ** Engines started. ** Company team is ready to move immediately. * REDCON-1.5 ** WMD alarms and hot loop equipment stowed; OPs pulled in. ** All personnel alert and mounted on vehicles; weapons manned. ** Company team is ready to move immediately. * REDCON-2: Full alert; unit ready to fight. ** Equipment stowed (except hot loop and WMD alarms). ** Precombat checks complete. ** All personnel alert and mounted in vehicles; weapons manned & charged, round in chamber, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LERTCON
In United States military doctrine, LERTCON is an abbreviation of alert condition, and is a measure of the level of action and readiness to be taken in a given situation. LERTCON is used by US and Allied forces who are assigned to NATO. There are specific procedures laid out for responses to changes in LERTCON. LERTCON levels can be broken down into high-alert emergency condition levels ( EMERGCONs) and the more common Defense Condition levels (DEFCONs). Levels *''LERTCON 5/4:'' Peacetime conditions *''LERTCON 3.5:'' Military vigilance *''LERTCON 3:'' Simple alert *''LERTCON 2:'' Reinforced alert *''LERTCON 1:'' General alert See also * FPCON * INFOCON * DEFCON * REDCON In the U.S. military, the term REDCON is short for Readiness Condition and is used to refer to a unit's readiness to respond to and engage in combat operations. There are five REDCON levels, as described below in this excerpt from Army Field Manu ... * Alert state References Alert measurement systems Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INFOCON
INFOCON (short for information operations condition) is a threat level system in the United States similar to that of FPCON. It is a defense system based primarily on the status of information systems and is a method used by the military to defend against a computer network attack. Description There are five levels of INFOCON, which recently changed to more closely correlate to DEFCON levels. They are: *INFOCON 5 describes a situation where there is no apparent hostile activity against computer networks. Operational performance of all information systems is monitored, and password systems are used as a layer of protection. *INFOCON 4 describes an increased risk of attack. Increased monitoring of all network activities is mandated, and all Department of Defense end users must make sure their systems are secure. Internet usage may be restricted to government sites only, and backing up files to removable media is ideal. *INFOCON 3 describes when a risk has been identified. Security r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FPCON
In United States military security parlance, force protection condition (FPCON for short) is a counter-Terrorism, terrorist threat system overseen by the United States Department of Defense directive, and describes the number of measures needed to be taken by security agencies in response to various levels of terrorist threats against military facilities, as opposed to DEFCON, which assesses the amount of military forces needed to be deployed in a situation with a certain likelihood of attack against the civilian population. The decision on what level of FPCON to implement is affected by the current threat of terrorism towards military facilities and personnel, the amount of security forces available, and current relationships between the United States and the world, which may affect the chances of an attack. FPCON was previously known as THREATCON, until it was renamed in June 2001 due to confusion with United States State Department system of threat assessment. Descriptions of FP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereign State
A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory (see territorial disputes), one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is independent. According to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states.Thomas D. Grant, ''The recognition of states: law and practice in debate and evolution'' (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1999), chapter 1. Unrecognised states will often find it difficult to exercise full treaty-making powers or engage in diplomatic relations with other sovereign states. History Since the end of the 19th century, almost the entire globe has been divided into sections (countries) with more or less define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EMERGCON
EMERGCON (emergency condition) is a state of readiness that is separate from DEFCON, or defense readiness condition used by the United States, in that it incorporates civilian measures in addition to the DEFCON military measures. Overview Generally, EMERGCONs are a state of readiness following an ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) attack. Other forces go to DEFCON 1 during EMERGCONs. There are two types of EMERGCONs: * Defense Emergency: A major hostile attack on United States and/or allied forces overseas, and/or an overt action made against the United States. This must be confirmed by a unified commander or higher authority. * Air Defense Emergency: A major hostile attack by aircraft or missiles seems probable, is imminent, or is taking place on the continental United States, Canada, or Greenland. This declaration is made by the Commander of the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). Although the United States military has gone into defense readiness at variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat Readiness
readiness is a condition of the armed forces and their constituent units and formations, warships, aircraft, weapon systems or other military technology and equipment to perform during combat military operations, or functions consistent with the purpose for which they are organized or designed, or the managing of resources and personnel training in preparation for combat. Most armed forces maintain varying levels of readiness by the troops to engage in combat due to economic considerations which vary from minutes to months.Jordan, pp.2-3 In modern armed forces troops designated special forces are usually those kept at the highest state of readiness for combat, and are often alerted only a few hours before being committed to combat. Where time is of the essence in military action being initiated, the troops, such as pilots of interceptor aircraft, may be kept in constant state of combat readiness. See also * Alert crew *Alert state *COGCON * DEFCON *Mobilization Mobili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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