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Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Theorem
In algebraic number theory, the Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem states that a central simple algebra over an algebraic number field ''K'' which splits over every completion ''K''''v'' is a matrix algebra over ''K''. The theorem is an example of a local-global principle in algebraic number theory and leads to a complete description of finite-dimensional division algebras over algebraic number fields in terms of their local invariants. It was proved independently by Richard Brauer, Helmut Hasse, and Emmy Noether and by Abraham Adrian Albert. Statement of the theorem Let ''A'' be a central simple algebra of rank ''d'' over an algebraic number field ''K''. Suppose that for any valuation ''v'', ''A'' splits over the corresponding local field ''K''''v'': : A\otimes_K K_v \simeq M_d(K_v). Then ''A'' is isomorphic to the matrix algebra ''M''''d''(''K''). Applications Using the theory of Brauer group Brauer or Bräuer is a surname of German origin, meaning "bre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algebraic Number Theory
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields. These properties, such as whether a ring admits unique factorization, the behavior of ideals, and the Galois groups of fields, can resolve questions of primary importance in number theory, like the existence of solutions to Diophantine equations. History of algebraic number theory Diophantus The beginnings of algebraic number theory can be traced to Diophantine equations, named after the 3rd-century Alexandrian mathematician, Diophantus, who studied them and developed methods for the solution of some kinds of Diophantine equations. A typical Diophantine problem is to find two integers ''x'' and ''y'' such that their sum, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valuation (algebra)
In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a zero in complex analysis, the degree of divisibility of a number by a prime number in number theory, and the geometrical concept of contact between two algebraic or analytic varieties in algebraic geometry. A field with a valuation on it is called a valued field. Definition One starts with the following objects: *a field and its multiplicative group ''K''×, *an abelian totally ordered group . The ordering and group law on are extended to the set by the rules * for all ∈ , * for all ∈ . Then a valuation of is any map : which satisfies the following properties for all ''a'', ''b'' in ''K'': * if and only if , *, *, with equality if ''v''('' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer-Verlag
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graduate Texts In Mathematics
Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) ( ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag. The books in this series, like the other Springer-Verlag mathematics series, are yellow books of a standard size (with variable numbers of pages). The GTM series is easily identified by a white band at the top of the book. The books in this series tend to be written at a more advanced level than the similar Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics series, although there is a fair amount of overlap between the two series in terms of material covered and difficulty level. List of books #''Introduction to Axiomatic Set Theory'', Gaisi Takeuti, Wilson M. Zaring (1982, 2nd ed., ) #''Measure and Category – A Survey of the Analogies between Topological and Measure Spaces'', John C. Oxtoby (1980, 2nd ed., ) #''Topological Vector Spaces'', H. H. Schaefer, M. P. Wolff (1999, 2nd ed., ) #''A Course in Homological Algebra'', Peter Hilton, Urs Stamm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasse Norm Theorem
Hasse is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname: * Clara H. Hasse (1880–1926), American botanist * Helmut Hasse (1898–1979), German mathematician * Henry Hasse (1913–1977), US writer of science fiction * Johann Adolph Hasse (1699–1783), German composer * Maria Hasse (1921–2014), German mathematician * Peter Hasse (c. 1585–1640), German organist and composer Given name or nickname: * Hans Alfredson (born 1931), Swedish actor, film director, writer and comedian * Hans Backe (born 1952), Swedish football manager * Hasse Borg (born 1953), Swedish footballer * Hasse Börjes (born 1948), Swedish speed skater * Hasse Ekman (1915-2004), Swedish film director and actor * Hans Wind (1919–1995), Finnish flying ace See also * Hasse bound, on the number of points on an elliptic curve * Hasse diagram In order theory, a Hasse diagram (; ) is a type of mathematical diagram used to represent a finite partially ordered set, in the form of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class Field Theory
In mathematics, class field theory (CFT) is the fundamental branch of algebraic number theory whose goal is to describe all the abelian Galois extensions of local and global fields using objects associated to the ground field. Hilbert is credited as one of pioneers of the notion of a class field. However, this notion was already familiar to Kronecker and it was actually Weber who coined the term before Hilbert's fundamental papers came out. The relevant ideas were developed in the period of several decades, giving rise to a set of conjectures by Hilbert that were subsequently proved by Takagi and Artin (with the help of Chebotarev's theorem). One of the major results is: given a number field ''F'', and writing ''K'' for the maximal abelian unramified extension of ''F'', the Galois group of ''K'' over ''F'' is canonically isomorphic to the ideal class group of ''F''. This statement was generalized to the so called Artin reciprocity law; in the idelic language, writing ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclic Extension
In abstract algebra, an abelian extension is a Galois extension whose Galois group is abelian. When the Galois group is also cyclic, the extension is also called a cyclic extension. Going in the other direction, a Galois extension is called solvable if its Galois group is solvable, i.e., if the group can be decomposed into a series of normal extensions of an abelian group. Every finite extension of a finite field is a cyclic extension. Class field theory provides detailed information about the abelian extensions of number fields, function fields of algebraic curves over finite fields, and local fields. There are two slightly different definitions of the term cyclotomic extension. It can mean either an extension formed by adjoining roots of unity to a field, or a subextension of such an extension. The cyclotomic fields are examples. A cyclotomic extension, under either definition, is always abelian. If a field ''K'' contains a primitive ''n''-th root of unity and the ''n''-th r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grunwald–Wang Theorem
In algebraic number theory, the Grunwald–Wang theorem is a local-global principle stating that—except in some precisely defined cases—an element ''x'' in a number field ''K'' is an ''n''th power in ''K'' if it is an ''n''th power in the completion K_ for all but finitely many primes \mathfrak of ''K''. For example, a rational number is a square of a rational number if it is a square of a ''p''-adic number for almost all primes ''p''. The Grunwald–Wang theorem is an example of a local-global principle. It was introduced by , but there was a mistake in this original version that was found and corrected by . The theorem considered by Grunwald and Wang was more general than the one stated above as they discussed the existence of cyclic extensions with certain local properties, and the statement about ''n''th powers is a consequence of this. History , a student of Helmut Hasse, gave an incorrect proof of the erroneous statement that an element in a number field is an ''n'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brauer Group
Brauer or Bräuer is a surname of German origin, meaning "brewer". Notable people with the name include:- * Alfred Brauer (1894–1985), German-American mathematician, brother of Richard * Andreas Brauer (born 1973), German film producer * Arik Brauer (1929–2021), Austrian painter, poet, and actor, father of Timna Brauer * August Brauer (1863-1917), German zoologist * Friedrich Moritz Brauer (1832–1904), Austrian entomologist and museum director * Georg Brauer (1908–2001), German chemist * Ingrid Arndt-Brauer (born 1961), German politician; member of the Bundestag * Jono Brauer (born 1981), Australian Olympic skier * Max Brauer (1887–1973), German politician; First Mayor of Hamburg * Michael Brauer (contemporary), American audio engineer * Rich Brauer (born 1954), American politician from Illinois; state legislator since 2003 * Richard Brauer (1901–1977), German-American mathematician * Richard H. W. Brauer (contemporary), American art museum director; eponym of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Adrian Albert
Abraham Adrian Albert (November 9, 1905 – June 6, 1972) was an American mathematician. In 1939, he received the American Mathematical Society's Cole Prize in Algebra for his work on Riemann matrices. He is best known for his work on the Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem on finite-dimensional division algebras over number fields and as the developer of Albert algebras, which are also known as exceptional Jordan algebras. Professional overview A first generation American, he was born in Chicago and most associated with that city. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1926, Masters in 1927, and PhD in 1928, at the age of 22. All degrees were obtained from the University of Chicago. He married around the same time as his graduation. He spent his postdoctoral year at Princeton University and then from 1929 to 1931 he was an instructor at Columbia University. During this period he worked on Abelian varieties and their endomorphism algebras. He returned to Princeton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Simple Algebra
In ring theory and related areas of mathematics a central simple algebra (CSA) over a field ''K'' is a finite-dimensional associative ''K''-algebra ''A'' which is simple, and for which the center is exactly ''K''. (Note that ''not'' every simple algebra is a central simple algebra over its center: for instance, if ''K'' is a field of characteristic 0, then the Weyl algebra K ,\partial_X/math> is a simple algebra with center ''K'', but is ''not'' a central simple algebra over ''K'' as it has infinite dimension as a ''K''-module.) For example, the complex numbers C form a CSA over themselves, but not over the real numbers R (the center of C is all of C, not just R). The quaternions H form a 4-dimensional CSA over R, and in fact represent the only non-trivial element of the Brauer group of the reals (see below). Given two central simple algebras ''A'' ~ ''M''(''n'',''S'') and ''B'' ~ ''M''(''m'',''T'') over the same field ''F'', ''A'' and ''B'' are called ''similar'' (or '' Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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