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Akamatsu Norimura
also well known as Akamatsu Enshin was a Japanese samurai of the Akamatsu clan in the Muromachi period. He was governor (''shugo'') of Harima Province in Hyōgo Prefecture. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005) "Akamatsu Norimura,"''Japan encyclopedia,'' p. 16. Warrior Norimura supported Emperor Go-Daigo and Ashikaga Takauji in the struggle to overcome the Kamakura shogunate. Akamatsu joined Takauji in capturing Kyoto from imperial forces on 23 Feb. 1336. He then became a part of the Ashikaga shogunate. Before the Battle of Minatogawa, his Shirahata castle was surrounded by Emperor Go-Daigo's large force led by Nitta Yoshisada but he held the castle over 50 days it helped Ashikaga Takauji regroup its forces in Kyushu. Norimura constructed a fort on a hill which later became the site for Himeji Castle. Patron Norimura was a patron of Sesson Yūbai who established Hōun-ji and Hōrin-ji in Harima. In records about the establishment of land rights for Daitoku-ji in Kyoto, Norimur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samurai
were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the late 12th century until their abolition in 1876. They were the well-paid retainers of the '' daimyo'' (the great feudal landholders). They had high prestige and special privileges such as wearing two swords and ''Kiri-sute gomen'' (right to kill anyone of a lower class in certain situations). They cultivated the '' bushido'' codes of martial virtues, indifference to pain, and unflinching loyalty, engaging in many local battles. Though they had predecessors in earlier military and administrative officers, the samurai truly emerged during the Kamakura shogunate, ruling from 1185 to 1333. They became the ruling political class, with significant power but also significant responsibility. During the 13th century, the samurai proved themselves as adept warriors against the invading Mongols. During the peaceful Edo period (1603 to 1868), they became the stewards and chamberlains of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitta Yoshisada
was a samurai lord of the Nanboku-chō period Japan. He was the head of the Nitta clan in the early fourteenth century, and supported the Southern Court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the Nanboku-chō period. He famously marched on Kamakura, besieging and capturing it from the Hōjō clan in 1333. Later he fought the Takauji brothers on the Emperor's behalf in a see-saw campaign which saw the capital change hands several times. After a peaceful compromise was agreed, Yoshisada was entrusted with two royal princes. At the siege of Kanegasaki (1337), both princes were killed, along with Yoshisada's son, although Yoshisada was able to escape. He committed seppuku when his horse was killed at the siege of Kuromaru. Early life Yoshisada was born in 1301, the eldest son of Nitta Tomouji. He succeeded his father and became the lord of Nitta Manor in Kōzuke Province in 1317. At this time, he also became the head of the Nitta clan. Yoshisada courted a daughter of a court noble, Kōtō-Naish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1277 Births
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraft, Kenneth
Kenneth Lewis Kraft (July 16, 1949October 1, 2018) was a professor of Buddhist studies and Japanese religions (emeritus) at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Education Kraft received a B.A. from Harvard University in 1971. He holds an M.A. in Asian Languages and Cultures from the University of Michigan (1978) and a Ph.D. in East Asian Studies from Princeton University (1984). Career In 1984, Kraft became a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard's Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. He joined the Lehigh University faculty in 1990 and was appointed a full professor in 2001. At Lehigh he has served as chair of the Religion Studies department and director of the College Seminar Program. He was a visiting professor at the Stanford University Japan Center and a visiting scholar at the International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, both in Kyoto. He also taught at the University of Pennsylvania and Swarthmore College. Kraft has served on the advisory boards of the Budd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daitoku-ji
is a Buddhist temple, one of fourteen autonomous branches of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen. It is located in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The "mountain name" ('' sangō'') by which it is known is . The Daitoku-ji temple complex today covers more than . History Daitoku-ji originated as a small monastery founded in 1315 or 1319 by the monk , who is known by the title ''Daitō Kokushi'' ("National Teacher of the Great Lamp") given by Emperor Go-Daigo. In 1325, the monastery was converted into a supplication hall for the imperial court at the request of the retired Emperor Hanazono. The dedication ceremony for the imperial supplication hall, with its newly added dharma hall and abbot's living quarters, was held in 1326, and this is generally recognized as the true founding of the temple.Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, entry "Daitokuji." Like many other temples in Kyoto during that time, the temple's buildings were destroyed by fire. In 1474, which was when Kyoto was the scene of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Whitney Hall
John Whitney Hall (September 13, 1916 – October 21, 1997),"John Whitney Hall papers, 1930–1999", Yale University Library was an American historian of Japan who specialized in premodern Japanese history. His life work was recognized by the Japanese government, which awarded him the Order of the Sacred Treasure.Scott, Janny. "John W. Hall, Historian of Japan, Dies at 81" bituary ''New York Times,'' October 27, 1997. Early years The only son of Congregational missionaries, Hall was born in Kyoto in 1916 and lived in Japan until he was a teenager. Hall moved to the United States to attend Phillips Andover Academy in Andover, Massachusetts before matriculating at Amherst College, where he majored in American studies. After receiving an A.B. degree in 1939, he returned to Japan as an instructor in English at Doshisha University in Kyoto until 1941. During the war, he served with the United States Naval Intelligence, leaving the service with the rank of Lieutenant Commander. Hall e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōrin-ji (Harima)
is a Rinzai Buddhist temple in Himeji, Hyōgo Prefecture (formerly Harima province). History With the patronage of the Akamatsu clan, Sesson Yūbai was able to become the founder of a number of provincial Buddhist temple-monasteries, including Hōrin-ji in Harima.Hall, John Whitney. (1999)''The Cambridge History of Japan,'' pp. 600-603./ref> Hōrin-ji was ranked among the provincial '' jissatsu'' by the Muromachi shogunate, which encouraged its ''shugo'' vassals to found monasteries in their domains.Hall p. 602./ref> Prominent among Yūbai's followers were Akamatsu Norimura (1277-1350) and his son Akamatsu Norisuke (1314-1371). See also * For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism. Notes References * Hall, John Whitney. (1999). ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan,'' Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Cambridge University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōun-ji (Kamigōri)
is a Rinzai Buddhist temple in Hyōgo Prefecture (formerly Harima province). History With the patronage of the Akamatsu clan, Sesson Yūbai was able to become the founder of a number of provincial Buddhist temple-monasteries, including Hōun-ji in Harima.Hall, John Whitney. (1999)''The Cambridge History of Japan,'' pp. 600-603./ref> Hōun-ji was ranked among the provincial '' jissatsu'' by the Muromachi shogunate, which encouraged its ''shugo'' vassals to found monasteries in their domains.Hall p. 602./ref> Prominent among Yūbai's followers were Akamatsu Norimura (1277-1350) and his son Akamatsu Norisuke (1314-1371). See also * For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism. Notes References * Hall, John Whitney. (1999). ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan,'' Vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sesson Yūbai
was a Japanese Zen Buddhist monk of the Rinzai sect. This priest and poet who is considered "the first important poet of the Five Mountains. In China Yūbai started studying Linji Ch'an under Chinese master Issan Ichinei in Japan and later moved to China where he studied with many other teachers. He lived in China for over twenty years (1307–1329). He was imprisoned in Chang'an during the period in which Zen Buddhists were persecuted. Many of the poems were created during or about this period survive; and they form the basis of his reputation.Katō, Shūichi. (1997) ''A History of Japanese Literature: From the Man'yōshū to Modern Times,'' p. 105./ref> In ''Bingatshū,'' the collection of 242 poems includes this one: :::I do not like praises and honours :::Nor did I fear disdain :::I just stayed away. :::My mind, clear water, :::My body bound and tied :::For three years in Chang'an. :::I sing what I feel in songs :::In straight words, undecorated. In Japan With the patrona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Himeji Castle
is a hilltop Japanese castle complex situated in the city of Himeji which is located in the Hyōgo Prefecture of Japan. The castle is regarded as the finest surviving example of prototypical Japanese castle architecture, comprising a network of 83 rooms with advanced defensive systems from the feudal period. The castle is frequently known as ''Hakuro-jō'' or ''Shirasagi-jō'' ("White Egret Castle" or " White Heron Castle") because of its brilliant white exterior and supposed resemblance to a bird taking flight. Himeji Castle dates to 1333 when Akamatsu Norimura built a fort on top of Himeyama hill. The fort was dismantled and rebuilt as Himeyama Castle in 1346 and then remodeled into Himeji Castle two centuries later. Himeji Castle was then significantly remodeled in 1581 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who added a three-story castle keep. In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu awarded the castle to Ikeda Terumasa for his help in the Battle of Sekigahara, and Ikeda completely rebuilt the castle from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirahata Castle
is the remains of a Muromachi period Japanese castle structure located in the town of Kamigōri, Akō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site as one of the Remains of Akamatsu-shi Castles, combining both Okishio Castle and Kanjōsan Castle, since 1996. History Shirohata Castle is located on the summit of 440-meter Mount Shirohata, on the western border of Harima Province (current Hyōgo prefecture) with Bizen Province (current Okayama Prefecture. It overlooks a narrow valley of Chikusagawa River, which flows from north to south along the border, and the San'yōdō highway, which was the main east-west conduit between Kyoto and the provinces western Japan. The area thus had great strategic importance, and a fortification was initially built at this location either in 1333 or 1335 as the main stronghold of the Akamatsu clan. The clan rose to power during the Kamakura period serving the ''Rokuhara Tandai'', and sided with Emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
