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Aguano Language
Aguano is a possibly extinct language An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, li ... of Peru. Loukotka (1968) classified it as Chamicuro, but Chamicuro speakers say that the Aguano language was not the same as theirs, but rather that the Aguano people spoke Quechua (Wise 1987). Names and varieties Alternate spellings are ''Uguano, Aguanu, Awano''; it has also been called ''Santa Crucino''. Mason (1950) listed three Aguano groups, Aguano proper (including Seculusepa/Chilicawa and Melikine/Tivilo), Cutinana, and Maparina.Mason, J. Alden. 1950. The languages of South America. In: Julian Steward (ed.), ''Handbook of South American Indians'', Volume 6, 157–317. (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143.) Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy for the Union" , national_anthem = "National Anthem of Peru" , march = "March of Flags" , image_map = PER orthographic.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Lima , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = Peruvian Spanish, Spanish , languages_type = Co-official languages , languages = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = 2017 , demonym = Peruvians, Peruvian , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President of Peru, President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aguano
The Aguano (also Awano, Ahuano, Hilaca, Uguano, Aguanu, Santacrucino, Tibilo) are a people of Peru. In 1959, they consisted of 40 families. They inhabit the lower Huallaga and upper Samiria Rivers, and the right bank tributary of the Marañon River. Today they farm and have largely converted to Roman Catholicism. History In the 16th century, Aguano first encountered the Spanish. Diseases introduced by the Europeans and warfare with the Jívaro people killed off much of the tribe. Surviving members of the Aguano proper, Cutinana, and Maparina peoples joined together to form what became known as the Aguana people.Olson 5 In the 19th century, the Aguano lived near Santa Cruz at the lower banks of the Huallaga River. As they became more acculturated Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society. Acculturation is a process in which an individual ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Language
An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, especially if the language has no living descendants. In contrast, a dead language is one that is no longer the native language of any community, even if it is still in use, like Latin. A dormant language is a dead language that still serves as a symbol of ethnic identity to a particular group. These languages are often undergoing a process of revitalisation. Languages that currently have living native speakers are sometimes called modern languages to contrast them with dead languages, especially in educational contexts. In the modern period, languages have typically become extinct as a result of the process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favour of a foreign ''lingua franca'', largely those of European countries. As of the 2000s, a total of roughly 7,000 natively spoken languages existed worldwide. Most of these are minor languages in dang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamicuro Language
Chamicuro is a dormant (documented but not used by any native speakers) South American language formerly spoken in Peru. The language was used by the Chamicuro people who were around one hundred people. The Chamicuros live on a tributary of the Huallaga river, in Peru, in an area called Pampa Hermosa, meaning beautiful plains. As with all native languages in Peru, Chamicuro was by default an official language in the area in which it is spoken. A Chamicuro dictionary has been created by the citizens, however no children can speak the language as they have shifted to Spanish. There is controversy in regards to whether Aguano is the same language, which one study (Ruhlen 1987) says it is, or the Chamicuros disputed this (Wise, 1987), although this may be for cultural reasons and the languages may actually be intelligible, but the different people do not relate to one another and maintain different names and connotations between their language or languages. Phonology Chamicuro h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aguano People
The Aguano (also Awano, Ahuano, Hilaca, Uguano, Aguanu, Santacrucino, Tibilo) are a people of Peru. In 1959, they consisted of 40 families. They inhabit the lower Huallaga and upper Samiria Rivers, and the right bank tributary of the Marañon River. Today they farm and have largely converted to Roman Catholicism. History In the 16th century, Aguano first encountered the Spanish. Diseases introduced by the Europeans and warfare with the Jívaro people killed off much of the tribe. Surviving members of the Aguano proper, Cutinana, and Maparina peoples joined together to form what became known as the Aguana people.Olson 5 In the 19th century, the Aguano lived near Santa Cruz at the lower banks of the Huallaga River. As they became more acculturated Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society. Acculturation is a process in which an individual ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quechua Language
Quechua (, ; ), usually called ("people's language") in Quechuan languages, is an Indigenous languages of the Americas, indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian Andes. Derived from a common ancestral language, it is the most widely spoken Pre-Columbian era, pre-Columbian language family of the Americas, with an estimated 8–10 million speakers as of 2004.Adelaar 2004, pp. 167–168, 255. Approximately 25% (7.7 million) of Peruvians speak a Quechuan language. It is perhaps most widely known for being the main language family of the Inca Empire. The Spanish encouraged its use until the Peruvian War of Independence, Peruvian struggle for independence of the 1780s. As a result, Quechua variants are still widely spoken today, being the co-official language of many regions and the second most spoken language family in Peru. History Quechua had already expanded across wide ranges of the central Andes long before the expansion of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Languages Of South America
The indigenous languages of South America are those whose origin dates back to the pre-Columbian era. The subcontinent has great linguistic diversity, but, as the number of speakers of indigenous languages is diminishing, it is estimated that it could become one of the least linguistically diverse regions of the planet. About 600 indigenous languages are known from South America, Central America, and the Antilles (see List of indigenous languages of South America), although the actual number of languages that existed in the past may have been substantially higher. Origins The indigenous languages of South America, Central America and the Antilles completely covered the subcontinent and the Antilles at the beginning of the 16th century. The estimates of the total population are very imprecise, ranging between ten and twenty million inhabitants. At the beginning of 1980, there were about 16 million speakers of indigenous languages; three quarters of them lived in the Central And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unattested Languages Of South America
In linguistics, attested languages are languages (living or dead) that have been documented and for which the evidence (attestation) has survived to the present day. Evidence may be recordings, transcriptions, literature or inscriptions. In contrast, unattested languages may be names of purported languages for which no direct evidence exists, languages for which all evidence has been lost, or hypothetical proto-languages proposed in linguistic reconstruction. Within an attested language, particular word forms directly known to have been used (because they appear in the literature, inscriptions or documented speech) are called attested forms. They contrast with unattested forms, which are reconstructions hypothesised to have been used based on indirect evidence (such as etymological patterns). In linguistic texts, unattested forms are commonly marked with a preceding asterisk (*). See also *Historical linguistics *List of languages by first written accounts *Spurious languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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