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Aeronautical Radionavigation Service
Aeronautical radionavigation service (short: ARNS) is – according to ''Article 1.46'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as "''A radionavigation service intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of aircraft''." This service is a so-called safety-of-life service, must be protected against interference, and is an essential part of navigation. Classification This ''radiocommunication service'' is classified in accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) as follows: Radiodetermination service (article 1.40) * Radiodetermination-satellite service (article 1.41) * Radionavigation service (article 1.42) ** Radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.43) **Maritime radionavigation service (article 1.44) ***Maritime radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.45) **Aeronautical radionavigation service (article 1.46) ***Aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.47) Frequency allocation T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radionavigation-satellite Service
A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning. It allows satellite navigation devices to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude/elevation) to high precision (within a few centimetres to metres) using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites. The system can be used for providing position, navigation or for tracking the position of something fitted with a receiver (satellite tracking). The signals also allow the electronic receiver to calculate the current local time to a high precision, which allows time synchronisation. These uses are collectively known as Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT). One set of critical vulnerabilities in satellite communications are the signals that govern positioning, navigation and timing (PNT). Failure to properly secure these transmissions could not only disrupt satellite networks but wreak havoc on a host of dependent sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiodetermination Services ITU
As defined by FS-1037C and ITU Radio Regulations, radiodeterminationITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.9, definition: ''radiodetermination'' is: "the determination of the position, velocity or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves''." There are two main fields to radiodetermination: * radionavigation: "used for the purposes of navigation, including obstruction warning", which is mainly active; * radiolocation: "used for purposes other than those of radionavigation", which is mainly passive. Examples Radiotriangulation.jpg, Triangulation using radiodetermination British Post Office interference finding truck 1927.jpg, British Post Office mobile RDF, 1927 NSGA Galeta Island Site.jpg, Direction-finding system Galeta Island Pelengator.jpg, Direction finder with direction-finding aerial International regulation Radiodetermina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiocommunication Service
Radio communication service or radiocommunication service is according to Article 1.19 of the International Telecommunication Union's Radio Regulations (ITU RR),ITU Radio Regulations, Section III – Radio services, Article 1.19, definition: Radiocommunication service defined as “a service…involving the transmission, emission and/or reception of radio waves for specific telecommunication purposes”. Radiocommunication Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ... is sub-divided into space and terrestrial radiocommunication. Space radiocommunication is defined in RR Article 1 as “any radiocommunication involving the use of one or more space stations or the use of one or more reflecting satellites or other objects in space”. Terrestrial radiocommunication is defined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Station
Radio broadcasting is transmission of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. In terrestrial radio broadcasting the radio waves are broadcast by a land-based radio station, while in satellite radio the radio waves are broadcast by a satellite in Earth orbit. To receive the content the listener must have a broadcast radio receiver (''radio''). Stations are often affiliated with a radio network which provides content in a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both. Radio stations broadcast with several different types of modulation: AM radio stations transmit in AM ( amplitude modulation), FM radio stations transmit in FM (frequency modulation), which are older analog audio standards, while newer digital radio stations transmit in several digital audio standards: DAB (digital audio broadcasting), HD radio, DRM ( Digital Radio Mondiale). Television bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Telecommunication Union Region
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in its International Radio Regulations, divides the world into three ITU regions for the purposes of managing the global radio spectrum. Each region has its own set of frequency allocations, the main reason for defining the regions. Boundaries *Region 1 comprises Europe, Africa, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Mongolia, and the Middle East west of the Persian Gulf, including Iraq. ** The western boundary is defined by Line B. *Region 2 covers the Americas including Greenland, and some of the eastern Pacific Islands. ** The eastern boundary is defined by Line B. *Region 3 contains most of non- FSU Asia east of and including Iran, and most of Oceania. Lines: * Line B is a line running from the North Pole along meridian 10° West of Greenwich to its intersection with parallel 72° North; thence by great circle arc to the intersection of meridian 50° West and parallel 40° North; thence by great circle arc to the intersect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frequency Allocation
Frequency allocation (or spectrum allocation or spectrum management) is the allocation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into radio frequency bands, normally done by governments in most countries. Because radio propagation does not stop at national boundaries, governments have sought to harmonise the allocation of RF bands and their standardization. ITU definition The International Telecommunication Union defines frequency allocation as being of "a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions".ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.16, definition: allocation (of a frequency band). ''Frequency allocation'' is also a special term, used in national frequency administration. Other terms are: Bodies Several bodies set standards for frequency allocation, including: * International Telecommunication U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeronautical Radionavigation-satellite Service
Aeronautical radionavigation-satellite (short: ARNSS) is – according to ''Article 1.47'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.47, definition: ''aeronautical radionavigation service '' – defined as «''A radionavigation service in which earth stations are located on board aircraft''.» This service is a so-called safety-of-life service, must be protected for Interferences, and is essential part of navigation. Classification This ''radiocommunication service'' is classified in accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) as follows: Radiodetermination service (article 1.40) * Radiodetermination-satellite service (article 1.41) * Radionavigation service (article 1.42) ** Radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.43) **Maritime radionavigation service (article 1.44) ***Maritime radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.45) **Aeronautical radionav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Radionavigation-satellite Service
Maritime radionavigation-satellite service (short: MRNSS) is – according to ''Article 1.45'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.45, definition: ''maritime radionavigation-satellite service'' – defined as «''A radionavigation-satellite service in which earth stations are located on board ships''.» This service is a so-called safety-of-life service, must be protected for Interferences, and is essential part of Navigation. ;See also: Classification This ''radiocommunication service'' is classified in accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) as follows: Radiodetermination service (article 1.40) *Radionavigation service (article 1.42) **Radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.43) ** Maritime radionavigation service (article 1.44) ***Maritime radionavigation-satellite service **Aeronautical radionavigation service (article 1.46) ***Aeron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Radionavigation Service
Maritime radionavigation service (short: MRNS) is – according to ''Article 1.44'' of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.44, definition: ''maritime radionavigation service'' – defined as "''A radionavigation service intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of ships''." This service is a so-called safety-of-life service, must be protected for interferences, and is essential part of navigation. ; Classification This ''radiocommunication service'' is classified in accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) as follows: Radiodetermination service (article 1.40) *Radionavigation service (article 1.42) **Radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.43) **Maritime radionavigation service ***Maritime radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.45) **Aeronautical radionavigation service (article 1.46) ***Aeronautical radionavigation-satellite s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radionavigation Service
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio frequencies to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction. Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination. The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially * Angular directions, e.g. by bearing, radio phases or interferometry, * Distances, e.g. ranging by measurement of time of flight between one transmitter and multiple receivers or vice versa, * Distance ''differences'' by measurement of times of arrival of signals from one transmitter to multiple receivers or vice versa * Partly also velocity, e.g. by means of radio Doppler shift. Combinations of these measurement principles also are important—e.g., many radars measure range and azimuth of a target. Bearing-measurement systems These systems used some form of directional radio antenna to determine the location of a broadcast station on the ground. Conventional navigation technique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
