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Administrative Divisions Of The Tang Dynasty
The Tang dynasty of China administered territory using a hierarchical system of three descending divisions: circuits (''dào'' 道), prefectures (''zhōu'' 州), and counties (''xiàn'' 縣). Prefectures have been called ''jùn'' (郡) as well as ''zhōu'' (州) interchangeably throughout history, leading to cases of confusion, but in reality their political status was the same. The prefectures were furthered classified as either Upper Prefectures (''shàngzhōu'' 上州), Middle Prefectures (''zhōngzhōu'' 中州), or Lower Prefectures (''xiàzhōu'' 下州) depending on population. An Upper Prefecture consisted of 40, 000 households and above, a Middle Prefecture 20, 000 households and above, and a Lower Prefecture anything below 20, 000 households. Some prefectures were further categorized as bulwark prefectures, grand prefectures, renowned prefectures, or key prefectures for strategic purposes. A superior prefecture was called a ''fu'' (府). The scope and limits of each c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcher Lord
A Marcher lord () was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales. A Marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no Marcher lord ever bore this rank. In this context the word ''march'' means a border region or frontier, and is cognate with the verb "to march", both ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*mereg-'', "edge" or "boundary". The greatest Marcher lords included the earls of Chester, Gloucester, Hereford, Pembroke and Shrewsbury (see also English earls of March). County palatine Some strong earldoms along the Welsh border were granted the privileged status of county palatine shortly after the Norman Conquest, but only that based on Chester survived for a long period. The term particularly applies to Anglo-Norman lords in Wales, who had complete jurisdiction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Fanzhen Of Hebei
The Three ''Fanzhen'' of Hebei () were three regions in what is now Hebei, China governed by powerful ''jiedushi'' in the post-An Lushan Rebellion (755-763) Tang dynasty (618–907). After the rebellion, the three regions of Chéngdé (), Lúlóng () and Wèibó () were controlled by ex-rebel generals who held substantial territory and forces. Although nominally under the authority of the Tang dynasty, they were functionally independent ''fanzhen'' that continued to the end of the Tang dynasty. In the south, however, the court took a much more aggressive stand against such defense commands as Zīqīng () (mainly in Shandong), Biànsòng () (in east Henan), and Huáixī () (in south Henan), which posed a more immediate and palpable threat to the transportation of strategic grains through the Grand Canal, on which the court depended. During Emperor Xianzong's reign the northeast region was briefly subdued, but after his death it became independent again. By the reign of Emperor W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangzhou (in Modern Henan)
__NOTOC__ Xiangzhou may refer to: *Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai (), Guangdong *Xiangzhou District, Xiangyang (), Hubei *Xiangzhou County (), subdivision of Laibin, Guangxi * Xiangzhou Subdistrict ( zh; ), Chengqu, Shanwei, Guangdong Towns * Xiangzhou, Tiandong County (), subdivision of Tiandong County, Guangxi * Xiangzhou, Xiangzhou County, subdivision and seat of Xiangzhou County, Guangxi * Xiangzhou, Shandong (), subdivision of Zhucheng, Shandong Historical prefectures * Xiang Prefecture (Guangxi) (), a prefecture between the 6th and 20th centuries in modern Guangxi * Xiang Prefecture (Hubei) (), a prefecture between the 6th and 12th centuries in modern Hubei * Xiang Prefecture (Henan) (), a prefecture between the 6th and 12th centuries in modern Henan and Hebei See also *Xiang (other) Xiang or Hsiang may refer to: *Xiang (place), the site of Hong Xiuquan's destruction of a Chinese idol early in the Taiping Rebellion *Xiang (surname), three unrelated surnames: Chinese: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiedushi
The ''jiedushi'' (), or jiedu, was a title for regional military governors in China which was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissioner", "legate", or "regional commander". Originally introduced in 711 to counter external threats, the ''jiedushi'' were posts authorized with the supervision of a defense command often encompassing several prefectures, the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes and promote and appoint subordinates. Powerful ''jiedushi'' eventually became ''fanzhen'' rulers (''de facto'' warlords) and overrode the power of the central government of Tang. An early example of this was An Lushan, who was appointed ''jiedushi'' of three regions, which he used to start the An Lushan Rebellion that abruptly ended the golden age of the Tang dynasty. Even after the difficult suppression of that rebellion, some ''jiedushi'' such as the Three Fanzhen of Hebei were all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tian Chengsi
Tian Chengsi (705– March 4, 779), formally the Prince of Yanmen, was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He served as a military general in the rebel state of Yan, who later submitted to and became a general of Tang Dynasty, from which Yan had rebelled. As was in the case of several other Yan generals who submitted to Tang but who had substantial army and territorial holdings, Tian was allowed to retain his command and territory, semi-independent from the Tang imperial government structure, and among these generals, he was particularly defiant of the Tang imperial government. Background Tian Chengsi was born in 705, during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang. His family was from Ping Prefecture (平州, roughly modern Qinhuangdao, Hebei), and his ancestors, for several generations, had served in the military. His grandfather Tian Jing () and father Tian Shouyi () both had reputations for upholding justice in the region. Late in the reign of Emperor Zh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebei
Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0.3% Mongol. Three Mandarin dialects are spoken: Jilu Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin and Jin. Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast, Liaoning to the northeast, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north. Its economy is based on agriculture and manufacturing. The province is China's premier steel producer, although the steel industry creates serious air pollution. Five UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be found in the province, the: Great Wall of China, Chengde Mountain Resort, Grand Canal, Eastern Qing tombs, and Western Qing tombs. It is also home to five National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities: Handan, Baoding, Chengde, Zhengding and Shanhaiguan. Historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An Lushan
An Lushan (; 20th day of the 1st month 19 February 703 – 29 January 757) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin,Yang, Zhijiu, "An Lushan". ''Encyclopedia of China'' (Chinese History Edition), 1st ed.Lin, TianweAn Lushan profile ''Chinese Encyclopedia'' (Biography Edition; 1st ed.); accessed 3 August 2011.Zhong, Han. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia — With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). ''Journal of Chinese Historical Studies'' (2005); ISSN 1002-7963 at least by adoption. He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He (Chinese: , Standard Beijing Mandarin, Mandarin: ''Huáng hé'' ) is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze River, and the List of rivers by length, sixth-longest river system in the world at the estimated length of . Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of Western China, it flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. The Yellow River basin has an east–west extent of about and a north–south extent of about . Its total drainage area is about . The Yellow River's basin was the Yellow River civilization, birthplace of ancient Chinese, and, by extension, Far East, Far Eastern civilization, and it was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. There are frequent devastating natural disasters in China, floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding farm fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
An Lushan Rebellion
The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated population loss from famine, and population dislocations. The event is also known, especially in Chinese historiography, either as the An–Shi Rebellion or as the An–Shi Disturbances (). The use of the term ''luàn'' ("chaos") indicates the extreme social instability and population loss which eventually resulted, far beyond the initial consequences of the rebellion. Traditionally, Chinese family names have begun with the family name first. In this case the family name of the initial rebel leader is An. The term ''Ān-Shǐ'' is used to recognize that the rebellion continued after An Lushan's death, with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Jiedushi Of Tang
Ten, TEN or 10 may refer to: * 10, an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11 * one of the years 10 BC, AD 10, 1910 and 2010 * October, the tenth month of the year Places * Mount Ten, in Vietnam * Tongren Fenghuang Airport (IATA code), China * 10 (Los Angeles Railway) * TEN Atlantic City, Casino hotel resort in New Jersey People and characters * Tussenvoegsel prefix in Dutch surnames * Jeremy Ten (born 1989), Canadian competitive figure skater * Sergey Ten (born 1976), Russian politician * Vicente Ten (born 1966), Spanish politician * Ten Miyagi (born 2001), Japanese footballer ;Characters * Ten, a character from ''Urusei Yatsura'' * Tenshinhan, nicknamed "Ten", a character from ''Dragon Ball'' Art and entertainment Music * Ten (singer), a Thai Chinese singer and member of South Korean boy group NCT * Ten (band), a British melodic rock/hard rock band * ''Tenuto'' or ''Ten.'', a direction in musical notation * Ten, the runner-up contestant in the fourth sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
