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Adiponectin Receptor 2
Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''ADIPOR2'' gene. It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR2. Structure Similar to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), AdipoR2 also possesses 7 transmembrane domains. However, AdipoR2 is orientated oppositely to GPCRs in the membrane (i.e., cytoplasmic N-terminus, extracellular C-terminus) and does not associate with G proteins. Function The adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin and mediate increased AMPK and PPAR-α ligand activities, as well as fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin. In 2016, the University of Tokyo announced that it would launch an investigation into claims of fabrication of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 identification data, as accused by an anonymous person/group called Ordinary_researchers. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordinary Researchers
In 2010s, a series of separate allegations of scientific misconducts were raised involving several scientific papers from various Japanese universities. Shigeaki Kato In February 1996, Shigeaki Kato, who had studied in the laboratory of Pierre Chambon, established his laboratory at the Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology of the University of Tokyo. Kato was one of the most well-funded researchers in Japan and published many papers in prominent journals. From 2007, Kato and one former member of his laboratory taught research ethics at the annual meeting of the . In mid-2011, the Kato lab withdrew papers published in the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2004 and 2007 due to duplicate publications. On October 26, 2011, an extensive correction of the Kato laboratory's paper was publicly announced in Nature. The first author of this Nature paper is the former member who taught research ethics at the annual meeting of the . This correction raised susp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiponectin Receptor
The adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) include the following two receptors, which are bound and activated by adiponectin: * Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1, PAQR1) * Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2, PAQR2) They are members of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family. In 2016, the University of Tokyo announced that it would launch an investigation into claims of fabrication of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 identification data, as accused by an anonymous person/group called Ordinary_researchers In 2010s, a series of separate allegations of scientific misconducts were raised involving several scientific papers from various Japanese universities. Shigeaki Kato In February 1996, Shigeaki Kato, who had studied in the laboratory of Pierre Ch .... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxifoliol
Taxifolin (5,7,3',4'-flavan-on-ol), also known as dihydroquercetin, belongs to the subclass flavanonols in the flavonoids, which in turn is a class of polyphenols. Stereocenters Taxifolin has two stereocenters on the C-ring, as opposed to quercetin which has none. For example, (+)-taxifolin has (2R,3R)-configuration, making it 1 out of 4 stereoisomers that comprise 2 pairs of enantiomers. Natural occurrences Taxifolin is found in non-glutinous rice boiled with adzuki bean (adzuki-meshi). It can be found in conifers like the Siberian larch, ''Larix sibirica'', in Russia, in ''Pinus roxburghii'', in ''Cedrus deodara'' and in the Chinese yew, '' Taxus chinensis var. mairei''. It is also found in the silymarin extract from the milk thistle seeds. Taxifolin is present in vinegars aged in cherry wood. Taxifolin, and flavonoids in general, can be found in many beverages and products. Specifically, taxifolin is found in plant-based foods like fruit, vegetables, wine, tea, and coc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syringing (drug)
A syringe is a simple reciprocating pump consisting of a plunger (though in modern syringes, it is actually a piston) that fits tightly within a cylindrical tube called a barrel. The plunger can be linearly pulled and pushed along the inside of the tube, allowing the syringe to take in and expel liquid or gas through a discharge orifice at the front (open) end of the tube. The open end of the syringe may be fitted with a hypodermic needle, a nozzle or tubing to direct the flow into and out of the barrel. Syringes are frequently used in clinical medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and draw/measure liquids. There are also prefilled syringes (disposable syringes marketed with liquid inside). The word "syringe" is derived from the Greek σύριγξ (''syrinx'', meaning "Pan flute", "tube"). Medical syringes Sectors in the syringe and needle market include disposable and safety syr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthenolide
Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone of the germacranolide class which occurs naturally in the plant feverfew ('' Tanacetum parthenium''), after which it is named, and in the closely related tansy ('' Tanacetum vulgare''). It is found in highest concentration in the flowers and fruit. Parthenolide's molecular structure depiction is often incorrect regarding the stereochemistry of the epoxide, although X-ray single crystal structures are available. Lack of solubility in water and bioavailability limits the potential of parthenolide as a drug. ''In vitro'' research Parthenolide has a variety of reported ''in vitro'' biological activities, including: *Inhibition of HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs, which leads to sustained DNA damage response in certain cells (required for apoptosis). *Modulation of the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in experimental atherosclerosis. *Inducing apoptosis in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, leaving normal bone m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deoxyschizandrin
Deoxyschizandrin is a bio-active isolate of ''Schisandra chinensis''. Deoxyschizandrin has been found to act as an agonist of the adiponectin receptor 2 Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''ADIPOR2'' gene. It is a member of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, and is also known as PAQR2. Structure Similar to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR ... (AdipoR2). References Adiponectin receptor agonists Phytochemicals {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AdipoRon
AdipoRon is a selective, orally active, synthetic small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) (Kd = 1.8 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively). It activates AMPK and PPARα signaling and ameliorates insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in ''db/db'' mice (an animal model for type II diabetes and obesity). Moreover, AdipoRon has been found to extend the lifespans of ''db/db'' mice fed a high-fat diet, as well as improve exercise endurance. The compound was discovered by Japanese researchers in 2013 via screening of a compound library, and is the first orally active, small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors to be identified. Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have attracted interest as potential therapies for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a panoply of other conditions. In addition, adiponectin has recently been elucidated to mediate the ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adiponectin
Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. In humans it is encoded by the ''ADIPOQ'' gene and it is produced in primarily in adipose tissue, but also in muscle, and even in the brain. Structure Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide (protein). There are four distinct regions of adiponectin. The first is a short signal sequence that targets the hormone for secretion outside the cell; next is a short region that varies between species; the third is a 65-amino acid region with similarity to collagenous proteins; the last is a globular domain. Overall this protein shows similarity to the complement 1Q factors (C1Q). However, when the 3-dimensional structure of the globular region was determined, a striking similarity to TNFα was observed, despite unrelated protein sequences. Function Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
