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Acton Society Trust
The Acton Society Trust was established by the Joseph Rowntree Social Service Trust in the 1940s "to analyse the implications of the welfare state for liberty and the individual. It paid for assistants to front bench politicians, now known as special political advisors, who were referred to as Chocolate Soldiers, until public money was provided for the purpose in 1974. It produced many of the earliest studies of management in the United Kingdom, particularly in the National Health Service. It submitted evidence to the Committee on the Staffing of Local Government ( Mallaby Committee) in 1966. Directors of the organisation included Rosemary Stewart. Teddy Chester and Reg Revans both worked for the trust before moving to the University of Manchester, as did David Layton. The Trust's archives are held at the London School of Economics. It was closed down in 2000. Publications * Nationalised Industry: 1, Accountability to Parliament, 1950 * Nationalised Industry: 2, The Powers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rowntree Trusts
{{Use British English, date=January 2018 The four Rowntree Trusts are funded from the legacies of the Quaker chocolate entrepreneurs and social reformers Joseph Rowntree and Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree. The trusts are based in the Rowntrees' home city of York, England. The trusts are: * the Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, a Quaker philanthropic trust; * the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (until 1968, named the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which funds social policy research and development; * the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust (formed in 1968 to take over the housing operations of the Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust), which owns and manages the model village of New Earswick, and a number of other housing schemes in the York area; * the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust (until 1990, named the Joseph Rowntree Social Service Trust), which is a political body and promotes democratic reform and social justice within the UK. Unlike the other three, it is not a charity, though it endowed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Advisers (UK Government)
A special adviser (SpAd) is a temporary civil servant who advises and assists UK government ministers or ministers in the Scottish and Welsh devolved governments. They differ from impartial civil servants in that they are political appointees. Special advisers are paid by the government and appointed under Section 15 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. There are four pay bands for special advisers. Background Special advisers were first appointed from 1964 under the Harold Wilson's first Labour government to provide political advice to Ministers and have been subsequently utilised by all following governments. Code of conduct Advisers are governed by a code of conduct which goes some way to defining their role and delineates relations with the permanent civil service, contact with the media and relationship with the governing party, inter alia:the employment of special advisers adds a political dimension to the advice and assistance available to Ministers whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is the umbrella term for the publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom (UK). Since 1948, they have been funded out of general taxation. There are three systems which are referred to using the "NHS" name ( NHS England, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales). Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland was created separately and is often locally referred to as "the NHS". The four systems were established in 1948 as part of major social reforms following the Second World War. The founding principles were that services should be comprehensive, universal and free at the point of delivery—a health service based on clinical need, not ability to pay. Each service provides a comprehensive range of health services, free at the point of use for people ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom apart from dental treatment and optical care. In England, NHS patients have to pay prescription charges; some, such as those aged over 60 and certain state ben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Mallaby (public Servant)
Sir (Howard) George Charles Mallaby (17 February 1902 – 18 December 1978), was an English schoolmaster and public servant. He received the US Legion of Merit in 1946 and was knighted in 1958. From 1957 to 1959, he was the British High Commissioner to New Zealand. Early life and family Born in 1902 at Worthing, Mallaby was the youngest child of actor and acting company manager William Calthorpe Mallaby (né William Calthorpe Deeley- his father had insisted on a stage name; d. 1912) and his wife Katharine Mary Frances Miller. He was educated at Radley College and Merton College, Oxford, where he was a classicist and an exhibitioner. Gittings, Robert, 'Mallaby, Sir (Howard) George Charles (1902–1978), public servant and headmaster' in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''online version(subscription required), accessed 10 August 2008 At Radley, he was Cadet CSM of the school's Officer Training Corps. At Oxford, he graduated BA in 1923 and MA in 1935.'MALLABY, Sir (Howar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosemary Stewart (business Theorist)
Rosemary Stewart (20 December 1924 – 15 June 2015) was a British researcher and writer on business management and healthcare management. Stewart was born in London but the family later moved to Pulborough, West Sussex. Most of her schooling was in Saskatoon, Canada, where her mother had relatives. She graduated in Economics from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, then in 1945, after the end of the Second World War, returned to England. She received a doctorate in Management Studies from the London School of Economics, and in 1956 became a researcher for the Acton Society, an independent organisation studying management of the newly nationalised industries and the health service; she rose to become a director of the society. Formerly a Fellow in Organisational Behaviour at Templeton College, Oxford, she was appointed an Honorary Fellow of that college. Her research covered a range of subjects and organisations in industry, commerce and the National Health Service ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teddy Chester
Teddy Chester (1908–1990) was the first professor of Social Administration at Manchester University. He was Jewish, born in Austria and came to England in 1938 with his brother, who was a dentist. He was recruited to the university in 1955 having previously worked at the Acton Society Trust and the extramural department of University of Oxford. He directed the Manchester Health Service Management Unit from then until he retired in 1975, though he continued to work at the university on management training for clinicians until his death. He worked with Reg Revans who was appointed at the same time. He was involved with the foundation of the National Training Scheme for Hospital Administrators from 1961. Manchester Business School instituted an annual lecture in his memory in 2005. He was a member of the Advisory Council on Management Efficiency for the NHS and was involved in the formation of the Manchester Business School Alliance Manchester Business School (Alliance MBS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reg Revans
Reginald William Revans (14 May 1907 – 8 January 2003) was an academic professor, administrator and management consultant who pioneered the use of Action learning. He was also a long jumper who represented Britain at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam where he finished 32nd in the long jump event. At the first British Empire Games, in 1930, he won the silver medal in both the long jump and triple jump competition. Early life He was born at Portsmouth, where his father was a marine surveyor. As a boy he saw his father receive a visit from seaman's representatives after the wreck of the RMS ''Titanic''. He recollected attending the memorial service for Florence Nightingale with his mother in 1910. In the late 1920s he was a doctoral student in astrophysics at the University of Cambridge. A Commonwealth Scholarship in 1930 took him to study astrophysics and astronomy at the University of Michigan, and on his return to Cambridge as a fellow to Emmanuel he worked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Manchester
, mottoeng = Knowledge, Wisdom, Humanity , established = 2004 – University of Manchester Predecessor institutions: 1956 – UMIST (as university college; university 1994) 1904 – Victoria University of Manchester 1880 – Victoria University 1851 – Owens College 1824 – Manchester Mechanics' Institute , endowment = £242.2 million (2021) , budget = £1.10 billion (2020–21) , chancellor = Nazir Afzal (from August 2022) , head_label = President and vice-chancellor , head = Nancy Rothwell , academic_staff = 5,150 (2020) , total_staff = 12,920 (2021) , students = 40,485 (2021) , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , city = Manchester , country = England, United Kingdom , campus = Urban and suburban , colours = Manchester Purple Manchester Yellow , free_label = Scarf , free = , website = , logo = UniOfManchesterLogo.svg , affiliations = Universities Research Association Sutton 30 Russell Group EUA N8 Group NWUA ACUUniversities UK The Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Layton
The Hon. David Layton MBE (5 July 1914 – 31 July 2009) was a British economist and industrial relations specialist who in 1966 founded Incomes Data Services. Life A younger son of Walter Layton, 1st Baron Layton (1884–1966), by his marriage to Eleanor Dorothea Osmaston, a daughter of Francis Plumptre Beresford Osmaston, a barrister, Layton had four sisters and two brothers. He was educated at Gresham's School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a degree in economics and a blue for field hockey. After Second World War service in the Royal Engineers, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel, in 1946 Layton was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire. He was an executive of the National Coal Board from 1946 to 1963, taking a break from that to serve on the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, in 1952–1953. After leaving the National Coal Board, Layton spent a year with the Acton Society Trust, in his own words "preparing a study of the shortco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London School Of Economics
, mottoeng = To understand the causes of things , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £240.8 million (2021) , budget = £391.1 million (2020–21) , chair = Susan Liautaud , chancellor = The Princess Royal(as Chancellor of the University of London) , director = The Baroness Shafik , head_label = Visitor , head = Penny Mordaunt(as Lord President of the Council '' ex officio'') , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , city = London , country = United Kingdom , coor = , campus = Urban , free_label = Newspaper , free = '' The Beaver'' , free_label2 = Printing house , free2 = LSE Press , co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economies Of Scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale. At the basis of economies of scale, there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. This is just a partial description of the concept. Economies of scale apply to a variety of the organizational and business situations and at various levels, such as a production, plant or an entire enterprise. When average costs start falling as output increases, then economies of scale occur. Some economies of scale, such as capital cost of manufacturing facilities and friction loss of transportation and industrial equipment, have a physical or engineering basis. The economic concept dates back to Adam Smith and the idea of obtaining larger production returns through the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
