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Acting President Of Turkey
The acting president of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye cumhurbaşkanı vekili) is a temporary post provided by the Constitution of Turkey. The acting president is a person who fulfills the duties and powers of the president of Turkey when cases of incapacity and vacancy occur. In cases where the President of Turkey temporarily leaves his office due to illness or going abroad, the oldest Vice President of Turkey shall act for the President and exercise the powers of the President. If the office of the President becomes vacant, the Presidential election is held within 45 days. Until a new one is elected, the Vice President acts as the President and exercises the powers of the President. History Prior to the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, the role of acting president was given to the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Following the outcome of the referendum, the relevant article in the constitution was changed from the Speaker to the Vice President of Turkey The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of Turkey
The politics of Turkey take place in the framework of a constitutional republic and presidential system, with various levels and branches of power. Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers, which is appointed and headed by the President, who serves as country's head of state and head of government. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on 7 November 1982 after a constitutional referendum. Major constitutional revisions were passed by the National Assembly on 21 January 2017 and approved by referendum on 16 April 2017. The reforms, among other measures, abolished the position of Prime Minister and designated the President as both head of state and government, effectively transforming Turkey from a parliamentary regime into a presidential one. Suffrage is universal for citizens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 Surname Law (Turkey), until 1934 ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish Mareşal (Turkey), field marshal, Turkish National Movement, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive Atatürk's reforms, reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation.Harold Courtenay Armstrong Gray Wolf, Mustafa Kemal: An Intimate Study of a Dictator. page 225 Ideologically a Secularism, secularist and Turkish nationalism, nationalist, Atatürk's Reforms, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Ata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turgut Özal
Halil Turgut Özal (; 13 October 192717 April 1993) was a Turkish politician, who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the military government of Bülend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982. After working briefly at the World Bank in the United States and as a university lecturer, Özal became the general secretary and later the leader of the main miners' trade union of Turkey in 1979, serving as a chief negotiator during large-scale industrial action in 1977. He unsuccessfully stood for Parliament in the 1977 general election as a National Salvation Party (MSP) candidate from İzmir. In 1979, he became an undersecretary to Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel's minority government until the 1980 military coup. As an undersecretary, he played a major role in developing economic reforms, known as the '24 Janu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hüsamettin Cindoruk
Ahmet Hüsamettin Cindoruk (born 8 June 1933) is a Turkish politician and the 17th Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey between 1991 and 1995. He was also the acting president of Turkey in 1993 and the leader of two political parties, notably of the True Path Party. Early life and education He was born in 1933 in İzmir to Turkish Cretan parents. He did all his studies in Ankara, graduated from the prestigious TED Ankara College and attended the University of Ankara, earning a degree in 1955 from the Law School. Following his graduation, he started exercising the lawyer's profession. Professional career He rose to national attention at a relatively young age when, after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, he became part of the defence team for the imprisoned, and later executed ex-Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and other Democratic Party notables. Despite the final verdict in the case, the one-year-long desperate efforts by the defence team gained widespread respect across Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fahri Korutürk
Fahri Sabit Korutürk (3 August 1903 – 12 October 1987) was a Turkish admiral, diplomat and politician who was the 6th president of Turkey from 1973 to 1980. Before his presidency, he served as the 3rd commander of the Turkish Naval Forces from 1957 to 1960. He was also a member of the Senate of the Republic from 1968 to 1973 and again in 1980. Prior to his senatorship, he served as Turkey's ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1964. He was born in Istanbul, at Soğukçeşme Sokağı, a small street between Topkapı Palace and Hagia Sophia. He attended the navy cadet school in 1916, was graduated in 1923 and from the Naval Academy in 1933. In 18 March 1934 after an encounter with President Atatürk he was given Korutürk as his Surname. Korutürk saw active service on cruisers and submarines and later traveled abroad as naval attaché in Rome, Berlin and Stockholm. In 1936, he participated in Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits as military ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil
Ä°hsan Sabri ÇaÄŸlayangil (1908, Istanbul – December 30, 1993, Ankara, Turkey) was a Turkish politician, being a member of the Justice Party ( tr, Adalet Partisi). He also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs three times in the 1960s and 1970s and as the Acting President of Turkey. Background and personal life ÇaÄŸlayangil was born in Istanbul in 1908. He graduated from Istanbul High School. Then he entered the School of Law at Istanbul University and graduated in 1932. He was married to Firuzende ÇaÄŸlayangil and had a daughter named Fatma Itir ÇaÄŸlayangil. Career After completing his studies he became a civil servant and was in charge of the arrangements for the trial and the hanging of Seyit Riza and several Kurdish leaders of the Dersim Rebellion. ÇaÄŸlayangil was Governor of Bursa Province from 1954 to 1960. He served as Minister of Labour and Social Security in the 29th government of Turkey, a caretaker government prior to the 1965 general election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ihsan Sabri Caglayangil (1968)
Ihsan ( ar, Ø¥Øسان , also romanized ''ehsan''), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic: , ). Ihsan is a matter of taking one's inner faith (''iman'') and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions. Meaning In Islam, Ihsan is the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see him, they undoubtedly believe that He is constantly watching over them. That definition comes from the Hadith of Gabriel in which Muhammad states, "hsan isto worship God as though you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you". ( Al-Bukhari and Al-Muslim). According to Muhammad's hadith "God has written ''ihsan'' on everything". In relation to ''islam'' and ''iman'' ''Ihsan'' is one of the three dimensions of the Islamic religion (): # ''Islam'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cevdet Sunay
Cevdet Sunay (; 10 February 1899 – 22 May 1982) was a Turkish politician and army officer, who served as the fifth President of Turkey from 1966 to 1973. Early life and career Sunay was born in 1899 in Trabzon, in the Ottoman Empire. After attending elementary school and middle school in Erzurum and Edirne, he graduated from Kuleli Military High School in Istanbul. During World War I, he fought in 1917 at the Palestine front and became a prisoner of war of the British in Egypt in 1918. After his release, he fought first on the southern front, then on the western front during the Turkish War of Independence. Sunay completed his military education in 1927, and graduated from the staff college in 1930 as a staff officer. Rising through the ranks to become a general in 1949 and then a four-star general in 1959, he held important military posts. In 1960, he was appointed army chief and later joint chief of staff. On 14 March 1966, he was appointed to the senate by Cemal Gü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tekin Arıburun
Mehmet Tekin Arıburun (October 3, 1903 – October 13, 1993) was a Turkish soldier and statesman. He was born in then-Ottoman territory of Ishtib, Kosovo Vilayet (today Štip, part of the Republic of Macedonia). He was the last (Acting) President to be born outside the territory of present-day Turkey. His father is Hüseyin Avni who was the commander of 57th Regiment in Gallipoli Campaign in 1915 during World War I. Hüseyin Avni Bey died in action in Arıburnu. After Surname Law (Turkey) of 1935, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk requested that he should take Arıburun as his surname to honour his late father. He graduated from the Turkish Military College in 1925. He was sent to United Kingdom in 1929 to attend flying courses. In 1935 he graduated from Turkish Military Academy. He became a Army general in 1959. He held the office of Chief Commander of Turkish Air Force. After 1960 Turkish coup d'état he was forced into early retirement by the Junta. He started his political ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Tekin Arıburun
Mehmed (modern Turkish: Mehmet) is the most common Bosnian and Turkish form of the Arabic name Muhammad ( ar, Ù…Øمد) (''Muhammed'' and ''Muhammet'' are also used, though considerably less) and gains its significance from being the name of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Originally the intermediary vowels in the Arabic ''Muhammad'' were completed with an ''e'' in adaptation to Turkish phonotactics, which spelled Mehemed and the name lost the central ''e'' over time Final devoicing of ''d'' to ''t'' is a regular process in Turkish. The prophet himself is referred to in Turkish using the archaic version, ''Muhammed''. The name Mehmet also often appears in derived compound names. The name is also prevalent in former Ottoman territories, particularly among Balkan Muslims in Albania, Bosnia and Kosovo. The name is also commonly used in Turkish culture in the form of Mehmetçik, meaning ''little Mehmet'', for unranked soldiers. Given name Mehmed * Mehmed I (1382–1421), Ottoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemal Gürsel
Cemal Gürsel (; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army general who became the List of Presidents of Turkey, fourth President of Turkey after a coup. Early life He was born in the city of Erzurum as the son of an Ottoman Army officer, Abidin Bey, and the grandson of Ibrahim (1820–1895) and the great-grandson of Haci Ahmad (1790–1860). After the elementary school in Ordu Province, Ordu and the military middle school in Erzincan Province, Erzincan, he graduated from the Kuleli military high school in Istanbul. He was a popular figure and was therefore nicknamed "Cemal Ağa" (big brother Cemal) since his childhood school years and onwards all his life. Gürsel served in the Army for 45 years. During World War I, he participated in the Battle of Çanakkale in Dardanelles, Gallipoli as a lieutenant with the First Battery of the 12th Artillery Regiment in 1915 and received the War Medal. He later fought at the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, Palestine and Syria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
