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Acraeini
The Acraeini are a tribe of butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. Genera The recognized genera are: Tree of Life * ''Abananote'' Potts, 1943 * ''Acraea'' Fabricius, 1807 – acraeas * ''Actinote'' Hübner, 819/small> – actinotes * ''Altinote'' Potts, 1943 – altinotes * ''Bematistes'' Hemming, 1935 *''Cethosia'' (Fabricius, 1807) – lacewings * '' Miyana'' (Fruhstorfer, 1914) The genus ''Acraea'' is highly paraphyletic and needs to be redelimited. This will possibly re-establish the old genus ''Telchinia'', and perhaps others. The genus ''Pardopsis'' Trimen, 1887, previously included in Acraeini, has tentatively been moved to the Argynnini Argynnini is a tribe of butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, containing some of the fritillaries. This group has roughly 100 species worldwide and roughly 30 in North America. Systematics This group has also been classified as subtribe ... tribe. References External links * * {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraeini
The Acraeini are a tribe of butterflies of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. Genera The recognized genera are: Tree of Life * ''Abananote'' Potts, 1943 * ''Acraea'' Fabricius, 1807 – acraeas * ''Actinote'' Hübner, 819/small> – actinotes * ''Altinote'' Potts, 1943 – altinotes * ''Bematistes'' Hemming, 1935 *''Cethosia'' (Fabricius, 1807) – lacewings * '' Miyana'' (Fruhstorfer, 1914) The genus ''Acraea'' is highly paraphyletic and needs to be redelimited. This will possibly re-establish the old genus ''Telchinia'', and perhaps others. The genus ''Pardopsis'' Trimen, 1887, previously included in Acraeini, has tentatively been moved to the Argynnini Argynnini is a tribe of butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, containing some of the fritillaries. This group has roughly 100 species worldwide and roughly 30 in North America. Systematics This group has also been classified as subtribe ... tribe. References External links * * {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliconiinae
The Heliconiinae, commonly called heliconians or longwings, are a subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). They can be divided into 45–50 genera and were sometimes treated as a separate family Heliconiidae within the Papilionoidea. The colouration is predominantly reddish and black, and though of varying wing shape, the forewings are always elongated tipwards, hence the common name. Most longwings are found in the Tropics, particularly in South America; only the Argynnini are quite diverse in the Holarctic. Especially tropical species feed on poisonous plants, characteristically Passifloraceae vines, as larvae, becoming poisonous themselves. The adult butterflies announce their acquired toxicity with strong aposematic colours, warning off would-be predators. There are several famous cases of Batesian and Müllerian mimicry both within this group and with other butterflies. Other commonly seen food plants are Fabaceae (which also contain several toxic spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea (genus)
''Acraea'' is a genus of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae) of the subfamily Heliconiinae. It seems to be highly paraphyletic and has long been used as a "wastebin taxon" to unite about 220 species of anatomically conservative Acraeini. Some phylogenetic studies show that the genus ''Acraea'' is monophyletic if ''Bematistes'' and Neotropical ''Actinote'' are included (see Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Most species assembled here are restricted to the Afrotropical realm, but some are found in India, Southeast Asia, and Australia.Silva-Brandão et al. (2008) Biology The eggs are laid in masses; the larvae are rather short, of almost equal thickness throughout, and possessing branched spines on each segment, young larvae group together on a protecting mass of silk; the pupa is slender, with a long abdomen, rather wide and angulated about the insertion of the wings, and suspended by the tail only. '' A. horta'', '' A. cabira'', and '' A. terpsicore'' illustrate typical life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinote
''Actinote'' is a genus of butterflies from South America of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. (For taxonomic problems regarding this group, see ''Acraea''.) Males interact with or without physical contact to contest the possession of mating sites. The winner in such interactions often has larger body size and is the individual that previously occupied the territory (the resident). Species Listed alphabetically within groups:Glassberg, Jeffrey. (2007). ''A Swift Guide to Butterflies of Mexico and Central America.'' Sunstreak Books Inc. p. 78. *''anacreon'' species group: **'' Actinote anacreon'' **'' Actinote calida'' **'' Actinote guichardi'' **'' Actinote issoria'' **'' Actinote kaduna'' **'' Actinote mirifica'' **'' Actinote rahira'' **'' Actinote wigginsi'' **'' Actinote zitja'' *''mamita'' species group: **'' Actinote bonita'' Penz, 1996 **'' Actinote brylla'' Oberthür, 1917 **'' Actinote canutia'' (Hopffer, 1874) **'' Actinote catarina'' Penz, 1996 **'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miyana (butterfly)
''Miyana'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae found in South East Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland .... Species *'' Miyana meyeri'' (Kirsch, 1877) *'' Miyana moluccana'' (Felder, 1860) External links"''Miyana'' Fruhstorfer, 1914"at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q3879467 Acraeini Nymphalidae genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argynnini
Argynnini is a tribe of butterflies in the subfamily Heliconiinae, containing some of the fritillaries. This group has roughly 100 species worldwide and roughly 30 in North America. Systematics This group has also been classified as subtribe Argynnina of the Heliconiini, or even as a distinct subfamily Argynninae in the Nymphalidae. Genera Following studies of molecular phylogeny, genus delimitation has been unstable in recent years. Several earlier genera are now junior synonyms of ''Argynnis'' (''Argyreus'', ''Argyronome'', ''Damora'' and others, but ''Speyeria'' and ''Fabriciana'' have been split off again). Similarly, ''Boloria'' now includes ''Clossiana'' and ''Proclossiana'', and ''Issoria'' includes ''Kuekenthaliella''. Tree of Life * '' |
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs, which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings. Nomenclature Rafinesque introduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abananote
''Abananote'' is a genus of butterflies from north-western South America of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. For taxonomic problems regarding this group, see ''Acraea Acraea (Ancient Greek: means 'of the heights' from ''akraios'') was a name that had several uses in Greek and Roman mythology. *Acraea, the naiad daughter of the river-god Asterion near Mycenae, who together with her sisters Euboea and Prosymn ...''. Species Listed alphabetically within groups:Glassberg, Jeffrey. (2007) ''A Swift Guide to Butterflies of Mexico and Central America''. Sunstreak Books Inc. p. 78. *''abana'' species group **'' Abananote abana'' (Hewitson, 1868) **'' Abananote erinome'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) **'' Abananote radiata'' (Hewitson, 1868) *''hylonome'' species group: **'' Abananote euryleuca'' (Jordan, 1910) **'' Abananote hylonome'' (Doubleday, 1844) References Acraeini Nymphalidae of South America Nymphalidae genera {{Heliconiinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altinote
''Altinote'' is a genus of butterflies from South America of the subfamily Heliconiinae in the family Nymphalidae. For taxonomic problems regarding this group, see ''Acraea''. Species Listed alphabetically within groups:Glassberg, Jeffrey. (2007) ''A Swift Guide to Butterflies of Mexico and Central America''. Sunstreak Books Inc. p. 78. *''neleus'' species group **'' Altinote alcione'' (Hewitson, 1852) **'' Altinote neleus'' (Latreille, 813 **''Altinote stratonice'' (Latreille, 813 *''ozomene'' species group: **'' Altinote anaxo'' (Hopffer, 1874) **''Altinote callianthe'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) **''Altinote dicaeus'' (Latreille, 817 – red-banded altinote **''Altinote eresia'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) **''Altinote griseata'' (Butler, 1873) **''Altinote hilaris'' (Jordan, 1910) **''Altinote momina'' (Jordan, 1910) – Jordan's altinote **''Altinote negra'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) – gaudy altinote **''Altinote ozomene'' (Godart, 1819) – lamplight altinote **''Altinote stratonice' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bematistes
''Bematistes'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. The genus is often included in ''Acraea''. Species *''umbra'' species group: **''Bematistes adrasta'' (Weymer, 1892) **''Bematistes aganice'' (Hewitson, 1852) **''Bematistes alcinoe'' (Felder, 1865) **'' Bematistes consanguinea'' (Aurivillius, 1893) **'' Bematistes elongata'' (Butler, 1874) **'' Bematistes epiprotea'' (Butler, 1874) **'' Bematistes excisa'' (Butler, 1874) **'' Bematistes formosa'' (Butler, 1874) **'' Bematistes macaria'' (Fabricius, 1793) **''Bematistes macarista'' (Sharpe, 1906) **''Bematistes obliqua'' (Aurivillius, 1913) **'' Bematistes persanguinea'' (Rebel, 1914) **''Bematistes poggei'' (Dewitz, 1879) **'' Bematistes pseudeuryta'' (Godman & Salvin, 1890) **'' Bematistes quadricolor'' Rogenhöfer, 1891 **''Bematistes scalivittata'' (Butler, 1896) **'' Bematistes umbra'' (Drury, 782 **''Bematistes vestalis'' (Felder, 1865) *''epaea'' species group: **''Bematistes epaea'' (Cramer, 1779) **''Bema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pardopsis
''Pardopsis'' is a monotypic butterfly genus in the family Nymphalidae. Its only species is ''Pardopsis punctatissima'', the polka dot. It is found in fynbos, lowland and Afromontane forest, and grassland from Van Stadens Pass in the Eastern Cape and then along the foothills of the eastern escarpment into Mpumalanga and Limpopo, north to Mozambique and then from Zimbabwe to Ethiopia. It is also present in Madagascar. The wingspan is 30–34 mm for males and 33–36 mm for females. Adults are on wing year round with a peak from October to March. The larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...e feed on '' Hybanthus capensis''. References Argynnini Nymphalidae genera Monotypic butterfly genera {{Heliconiinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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