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Acceptance Test-driven Development
Acceptance test–driven development (ATDD) is a development methodology based on communication between the business customers, the developers, and the testers. ATDD encompasses many of the same practices as specification by example (SBE), behavior-driven development (BDD), example-driven development (EDD), and support-driven development also called story test–driven development (SDD). All these processes aid developers and testers in understanding the customer's needs prior to implementation and allow customers to be able to converse in their own domain language. ATDD is closely related to test-driven development (TDD). It differs by the emphasis on developer-tester-business customer collaboration. ATDD encompasses acceptance testing, but highlights writing acceptance tests before developers begin coding. Overview Acceptance tests are from the user's point of view – the external view of the system. They examine externally visible effects, such as specifying the correct out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Development
Software development is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components. Software development involves writing and maintaining the source code, but in a broader sense, it includes all processes from the conception of the desired software through to the final manifestation of the software, typically in a planned and structured process. Software development also includes research, new development, prototyping, modification, reuse, re-engineering, maintenance, or any other activities that result in software products. Methodologies One system development methodology is not necessarily suitable for use by all projects. Each of the available methodologies are best suited to specific kinds of projects, based on various technical, organizational, project, and team considerations. Software development activities Identification of need The sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specification By Example
Specification by example (SBE) is a collaborative approach to defining requirements and business-oriented functional tests for software products based on capturing and illustrating requirements using realistic examples instead of abstract statements. It is applied in the context of agile software development methods, in particular behavior-driven development. This approach is particularly successful for managing requirements and functional tests on large-scale projects of significant domain and organisational complexity. Specification by example is also known as example-driven development, executable requirements, acceptance test–driven development (ATDD or A-TDD), Agile Acceptance Testing, Test-Driven Requirements (TDR). Advantages Highly abstract or novel new concepts can be difficult to understand without concrete examples. Specification by example is intended to construct an accurate understanding, and significantly reduces feedback loops in software development, leading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavior-driven Development
In software engineering, behavior-driven development (BDD) is an agile software development process that encourages collaboration among developers, quality assurance experts, and customer representatives in a software project. It encourages teams to use conversation and concrete examples to formalize a shared understanding of how the application should behave. It emerged from test-driven development (TDD). Behavior-driven development combines the general techniques and principles of TDD with ideas from domain-driven design and object-oriented analysis and design to provide software development and management teams with shared tools and a shared process to collaborate on software development. Although BDD is principally an idea about how software development should be managed by both business interests and technical insight, the practice of BDD does assume the use of specialized software tools to support the development process. Although these tools are often developed specifically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test-driven Development
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process relying on software requirements being converted to test cases before software is fully developed, and tracking all software development by repeatedly testing the software against all test cases. This is as opposed to software being developed first and test cases created later. Software engineer Kent Beck, who is credited with having developed or "rediscovered" the technique, stated in 2003 that TDD encourages simple designs and inspires confidence. Test-driven development is related to the test-first programming concepts of extreme programming, begun in 1999, but more recently has created more general interest in its own right.Newkirk, JW and Vorontsov, AA. ''Test-Driven Development in Microsoft .NET'', Microsoft Press, 2004. Programmers also apply the concept to improving and debugging legacy code developed with older techniques.Feathers, M. Working Effectively with Legacy Code, Prentice Hall, 2004 Test-driven ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acceptance Testing
In engineering and its various subdisciplines, acceptance testing is a test conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification or contract are met. It may involve chemical tests, physical tests, or performance tests. In systems engineering, it may involve black-box testing performed on a system (for example: a piece of software, lots of manufactured mechanical parts, or batches of chemical products) prior to its delivery. In software testing, the ISTQB defines ''acceptance testing'' as: Acceptance testing is also known as user acceptance testing (UAT), end-user testing, operational acceptance testing (OAT), acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) or field (acceptance) testing. Acceptance criteria are the criteria that a system or component must satisfy in order to be accepted by a user, customer, or other authorized entity. Overview Testing is a set of activities conducted to facilitate discovery and/or evaluation of properties of one or more items under test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMART Criteria
S.M.A.R.T. is a mnemonic acronym, giving criteria to guide in the Goal setting, setting of goals and objectives that are assumed to give better results, for example in project management, employee-performance management and personal development. The term was first proposed by George T. Doran in the November 1981 issue of ''Management Review''. He suggested that goals should be SMART (specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related). Since then, other variations of the acronym have been used, a commonly used version includes the alternative words: attainable, relevant, and timely. Additional letters have been added by some authors. Those who support the use of SMART objectives suggest they provide a clear road map for both the person setting the goal and the person evaluating their progress (e.g. employee and employer, or athlete and coach). The person setting the goal is said to gain a clear understanding of what needs to be delivered and the person evaluating can th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concordion
Concordion is a specification by example framework originally developed by David Peterson, and now maintained by a team of contributors, led by Nigel Charman. Inspired by the Fit Framework, David states the following aims were behind Concordion: * Improved readability of documents * More "opinionated" (scripting is actively discouraged) * Easier to use How it works Concordion specifications are written in Markdown, HTML or Excel and then instrumented with special links, attributes or comments respectively. When the corresponding test fixture class is run, Concordion interprets the instrumentation to execute the test. Rather than forcing product owners to specify requirements in a specially structured language, Concordion lets you write them in normal language using paragraphs, tables and proper punctuation. This makes the specifications much more natural to read and write, and helps everyone to understand and agree about what a feature is supposed to do. The Markdown, HTML o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robot Framework
Robot Framework is a generic test automation framework for acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven development (ATDD). It is a keyword-driven testing framework that uses tabular test data syntax. History The basic ideas for Robot Framework were shaped in Pekka Klärck's masters thesis in 2005. The first version was developed at Nokia Networks the same year. Version 2.0 was released as open source software June 24, 2008 and version 3.0.2 was released February 7, 2017. The framework is written using the Python programming language and has an active community of contributors. It is released under Apache License 2.0 and can be downloaded from robotframework.org. In 2020 survey it scored 8 among 12 test automation frameworks, with 3 % of respondents using it. In 2021 it had fallen to 18 among 22 with 2 % usage. Description Test cases are written using a keyword-testing methodology written in a tabular format. These tables can be written in plain text, tab-separated values ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauge (software)
Gauge is a light weight cross-platform test automation tool. It uses markdown to author test cases and scenarios. Its modular architecture makes it flexible and scalable. Markdown Gauge specifications are written in the business language. For example, Find movies playing near me The System Under Test in this example is a web application to find and book movie tickets Search for movies ----------------- * Specify location as "Bangalore" * Search for movie "Star Wars" * Verify that "INOX" is playing "Star Wars" at "7:30 pm" Book movie ticket ----------------- * Sign up with email address * Complete the verification * Select location as "Bangalore", the movie "Star Wars" and "3" seats * Confirm and pay * Verify the "e-ticket" has been sent to the registered email. This Gauge specification describes a feature of the System Under Test. The scenarios Search for movies and Book movie ticket represent a flow in this specification. Steps are executable parts of a specificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cucumber (software)
Cucumber is a software tool that supports behavior-driven development (BDD). Central to the Cucumber BDD approach is its ordinary language parser called Gherkin. It allows expected software behaviors to be specified in a logical language that customers can understand. As such, Cucumber allows the execution of feature documentation written in business-facing text. It is often used for testing other software. It runs automated acceptance tests written in a behavior-driven development (BDD) style. Cucumber was originally written in the Ruby programming language. and was originally used exclusively for Ruby testing as a complement to the RSpec BDD framework. Cucumber now supports a variety of different programming languages through various implementations, including Java and JavaScript. The open source port of Cucumber in .NET is called SpecFlow. For exampleCuke4phpanCuke4Luaare software bridges that enable testing of PHP and Lua projects, respectively. Other implementations m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Development Philosophies
Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor—typically a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU). Machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer—an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations, for example displaying some text on a computer screen; causing state changes which should be visible to the user. The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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