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Abbot Of Crossraguel
The Abbot of Crossraguel was the leader of the Cluniac monastic community of Crossraguel Abbey, near Maybole in Carrick, south-west Scotland. It was founded in 1260s by Donnchadh mac Gille Brigte, earl of Carrick with monks from Paisley Abbey. Owing to the lack of surviving records and its distance from the core of Lowland Scotland in the western Gàidhealtachd, few of the abbots are known by name. The abbots were replaced by commendators in the 16th century, and the abbey came to an end when its lands were taken over by the bishops of Dunblane in 1617. The royal warrant in 1886 which revived the office of Dean of the Chapel Royal also gave the Dean the titles of Abbot of Crossraguel and Abbot of Dundrennan. The following is a list of abbots and commendators: List of known abbots * Patrick, 1274 x 1292 * Nicholas, 1370-1386 x 1400 * ''nearly a century without a known abbot'' * Roger, fl. 1370 * Roland, 1414-1433 * John de Lithgow, 1414-1415See above note. * Colin Kennedy, 1460- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cluniacs
The Cluniac Reforms (also called the Benedictine Reform) were a series of changes within medieval monasticism of the Western Church focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art, and caring for the poor. The movement began within the Benedictine order at Cluny Abbey, founded in 910 by William I, Duke of Aquitaine (875–918). The reforms were largely carried out by Saint Odo (c. 878 – 942) and spread throughout France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), into England (the English Benedictine Reform), and through much of Italy and Spain. Background In the early 10th century, Western monasticism, which had flourished several centuries earlier with St Benedict of Nursia, was experiencing a severe decline due to unstable political and social conditions resulting from the nearly continuous Viking raids, widespread poverty and, especially, the dependence of abbeys on the local nobles who controlled all that belonged to the territories under their jurisdiction. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Dunblane
The Bishop of Dunblane or Bishop of Strathearn was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Dunblane or Strathearn, one of medieval Scotland's thirteen bishoprics. It was based at Dunblane Cathedral, now a parish church of the Church of Scotland. The bishopric itself certainly derives from an older Gaelic Christian community. According to legend, the Christian community of Dunblane was derived from the mission of St. Bláán, a saint originally associated with the monastery of Cenn Garath ( Kingarth) on the Isle of Bute. Although the bishopric had its origins in the 1150s or before, the cathedral was not built nor was the seat (''cathedra'') of the diocese fixed at Dunblane until the episcopate of Clement. The Bishopric's links with Rome ceased to exist after the Scottish Reformation, but continued, saving temporary abolition between 1638 and 1661, under the episcopal Church of Scotland until the Revolution of 1688. Episcopacy in the established church in Scotland was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Hewat (minister)
Peter Hewat (c.1570–1645) was a Scottish minister who twice served as a minister of St Giles Cathedral. Life He graduated MA from Edinburgh University in 1588. He is first mentioned in 1594 when he was translated from "second charge" at St Giles Cathedral to Hailes (Colinton Parish Church) in 1594. He translated to Old Greyfriars parish in Edinburgh in 1597 and was raised to "first charge" there in 1599. At this time Greyfriars was housed in the south-west section of St Giles Cathedral. King James moved him to the main body of St Giles in February 1610. Hewat's relationship with the King is noteworthy, being amongst the minority of the Scottish clergy to side with the King following the Gowrie Conspiracy of 1600. Although this favoured him with the King it distanced him from the majority of the Scottish church. He sat on the General Assembly in 1610 and being in strong favour with King James VI was gifted Crossraguel Abbey near Maybole in Ayrshire in 1612. In 1617 he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintin Kennedy
Quintin Kennedy (1520–1564) was a Scottish abbot from a noble background, one of the last Catholic opponents of the Scottish Reformation. Life He was son of Gilbert Kennedy, 2nd Earl of Cassilis, and his wife Isabel, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll. He was born in 1520, and received his early education at St. Salvator's College, St. Andrews. He then went to the University of Paris, where he studied theology and civil and canon law. Returning to Scotland, Kennedy became vicar of Girvan, and in 1547 succeeded a relative as abbot of Crossraguel Abbey, in the parish of Kirkoswald, a monastery founded by Duncan, 1st Earl of Carrick, from whom the Kennedys claimed descent. In the spring of 1559 the reformer John Willock, preached in Ayr against the Catholic mass, and Kennedy challenged him to a public discussion. Kennedy, however, was late to the disputation, or was deterred by Willock's following. John Knox came to Ayrshire in 1562 to preach the reformed doctri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avignon Pope Benedict XIII
Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman who, as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Church. Early life Pedro Martínez de Luna was born at Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon (part of modern Spain), in 1328. He belonged to the de Luna family, who were part of the Aragonese nobility. He studied law at the University of Montpellier, where he obtained his doctorate and later taught canon law. His knowledge of canon law, noble lineage, and austere way of life won him the approval of Pope Gregory XI, who appointed de Luna to the position of Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin on 20 December 1375.Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pedro de Luna." The Catholic Ency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Moray
The Bishop of Moray or Bishop of Elgin was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Moray in northern Scotland, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics. If the foundation charter of the monastery at Scone is reliable, then the Bishopric of Moray was in existence as early as the reign of King Alexander I of Scotland (1107–1124), but was certainly in existence by 1127, when one Gregoir ("Gregorius") is mentioned as "Bishop of Moray" in a charter of king David I of Scotland. The bishopric had its seat ( la, Cathedra) at Elgin and Elgin Cathedral, but was severally at Birnie, Kinneddar and as late as Bishop Andreas de Moravia at Spynie, where the bishops continued to maintain a palace. The Bishopric's links with Rome ceased to exist after the Scottish Reformation, but continued, saving temporary abolition between 1638 and 1661, under the episcopal Church of Scotland until the Revolution of 1688. Episcopacy in the established church in Scotland was permanently abolished in 1689. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbot Of Paisley
The Abbot of Paisley (later Commendator of Paisley; Prior of Paisley before 1219) was the head of the Cluniac monastic community of Paisley Abbey and its property. The monastery was founded as a priory at Renfrew in 1163, but moved to Paisley in 1169. It became an abbey in 1219. The founder was Walter fitz Alan, Seneschal (Steward) of Scotland. The line of abbots ended when it was turned into a secular lordship for Lord Claud Hamilton in 1587/1592. The following is a list of abbots and commendators: List of priors * ???, 1163 x 1165 * Osbert, 1173-1180x1192 * Roger, 1195 x 1196 -1208 x 1214 List of abbots * ???, 1220 * William, 1225/6 -1238, 1248? * Stephen, 1272–1285 * Walter, 1296 * A ? 1301 * Roger, 1318–1325 * John, 1327 * James, 1349 * John, 1362–1370 * John de Lithgow I, 1384-1408 x 1412 * Alan de Govan, 1412 * John de Lychcar, 1412 * William de Cheshelme, 1414 * Roland, 1414-1415 * John de Lithgow II (?Lychcar), 1415-1431 x 1432 * Thomas Morrow, 1418–1444 * Richa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dean Of The Chapel Royal
The Dean of the Chapel Royal, in any kingdom, can be the title of an official charged with oversight of that kingdom's chapel royal, the ecclesiastical establishment which is part of the royal household and ministers to it. England In England, the Dean of the Chapels Royal was appointed by royal warrant and appointed its officers and staff. The office of dean (dating from 1312) has been by custom held by the Bishop of London since 1748 ( or 1723, see below). In practice, the chapel, its choir, and the various chapel buildings associated with it come under the oversight of the Sub-Dean, who is the King's residential chaplain. As in 2019 the Chapels Royal in England consisted of: The Queen’s Chapel; the Chapel Royal, St James’s Palace; the Chapel Royal, Hampton Court Palace; the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula (Tower of London); the Chapel of St John the Evangelist (Tower of London); and The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy. Office holders ;Edward III (1327) *: John de Wodeford *: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warrant (law)
A warrant is generally an order that serves as a specific type of authorization, that is, a writ issued by a competent officer, usually a judge or magistrate, that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights and affords the person executing the writ protection from damages if the act is performed. A warrant is usually issued by a court and is directed to a sheriff, a constable, or a police officer. Warrants normally issued by a court include search warrants, arrest warrants, and execution warrants. Types * Arrest warrant, issued by a judge to detain someone * Execution warrant, writ issued by a judge authorizing the death of someone * Possessory warrant, a civil writ issued by a judge ordering property delivered to a named person * Search warrant, a writ issued by a judge allowing law enforcement to look inside a property * Warrant of committal, issued by a judge ordering enforcement of a previous order against an uncooperative person or co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commendator
In canon law, commendam (or ''in commendam'') was a form of transferring an ecclesiastical benefice ''in trust'' to the ''custody'' of a patron. The phrase ''in commendam'' was originally applied to the provisional occupation of an ecclesiastical benefice, which was temporarily without an actual occupant, in contrast to the conferral of a title, '' in titulum'', which was applied to the regular and unconditional occupation of a benefice.Ott, Michael. "In Commendam". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 25 July 2015 The word ''commendam'' is the singular of the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crossraguel Abbey
The Abbey of Saint Mary of Crossraguel is a ruin of a former abbey near the town of Maybole, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Although it is a ruin, visitors can still see the original monks’ church, their cloister and their dovecot (pigeon tower). Foundation Founded in 1244 by Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick, following an earlier donation of 1225, to the monks of Paisley Abbey for that purpose. They reputedly built nothing more than a small chapel and kept the balance for themselves. The Earl took the matter to the Bishop of Glasgow for arbitration and, winning his case, forced the monks to build a proper abbey. Name The origin of the abbey's name refers to the ancient ''Cross of Riaghail'' (Latin form St Regulus) that stood on the spot. Crossraguel was a Cluniac abbey and the monks - members of a branch of the Benedictines - were known as the ''"Black monks"'' after the colour of their clothes. History Crossraguel Abbey was founded in 1244 by Duncan, 1st Earl of Carrick. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gàidhealtachd
The (; English: ''Gaeldom'') usually refers to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and especially the Scottish Gaelic-speaking culture of the area. The similar Irish language word refers, however, solely to Irish-speaking areas. The term is also used to apply to areas of Nova Scotia and Glengarry County, Ontario where the distinctive Canadian dialects of Scottish Gaelic were or are still spoken. "The " is not interchangeable with "Scottish Highlands" as it refers to the language and not to the geography. Also, many parts of the Highlands no longer have substantial Gaelic-speaking populations, and some parts of what is now thought of as the Highlands have long been Scots-speaking or English-speaking areas such as Cromarty, Grantown-on-Spey, etc. Conversely, several Gaelic-speaking communities lie outwith the Highland, Argyll and Bute and Outer Hebrides council areas, for example the Isle of Arran and parts of Perth and Kinross, not to mention Nova Scotia, North Carolina, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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