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ATC Code M05
M05B Drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization M05BA Bisphosphonates :M05BA01 Etidronic acid :M05BA02 Clodronic acid :M05BA03 Pamidronic acid :M05BA04 Alendronic acid :M05BA05 Tiludronic acid :M05BA06 Ibandronic acid :M05BA07 Risedronic acid :M05BA08 Zoledronic acid M05BB Bisphosphonates, combinations :M05BB01 Etidronic acid and calcium, sequential :M05BB02 Risedronic acid and calcium, sequential :M05BB03 Alendronic acid and colecalciferol :M05BB04 Risedronic acid, calcium and colecalciferol, sequential :M05BB05 Alendronic acid, calcium and colecalciferol, sequential :M05BB06 Alendronic acid and alfacalcidol, sequential :M05BB07 Risedronic acid and colecalciferol :M05BB08 Zoledronic acid, calcium and colecalciferol, sequential :M05BB09 Ibandronic acid and colecalciferol M05BC Bone morphogenetic proteins :M05BC01 Dibotermin alfa :M05BC02 Eptotermin alfa M05BX Other drugs affecting bone structure and mineralization :M05BX01 Ipriflavone :M05BX02 Aluminium chlorohydrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases. They are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis. They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate () groups. They are thus also called diphosphonates ('' bis-'' or '' di-'' + ''phosphonate''). Evidence shows that they reduce the risk of fracture in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone tissue undergoes constant remodeling and is kept in balance (homeostasis) by osteoblasts creating bone and osteoclasts destroying bone. Bisphosphonates inhibit the digestion of bone by encouraging osteoclasts to undergo apoptosis, or cell death, thereby slowing bone loss. The uses of bisphosphonates include the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, bone metastasis (with or without hypercalcemia), multiple myeloma, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, fibrous dysplasia, and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone Morphogenetic Protein
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Originally discovered by their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body. The important functioning of BMP signals in physiology is emphasized by the multitude of roles for dysregulated BMP signalling in pathological processes. Cancerous disease often involves misregulation of the BMP signalling system. Absence of BMP signalling is, for instance, an important factor in the progression of colon cancer, and conversely, overactivation of BMP signalling following reflux-induced esophagitis provokes Barrett's esophagus and is thus instrumental in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) are used in orthopedic applications such as spinal fusions, nonunions, and oral surgery. rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 are F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vosoritide
Vosoritide, sold under the brand name Voxzogo, is a medication used for the treatment of achondroplasia. The most common side effects include injection site reactions (such as swelling, redness, itching, or pain), vomiting, and decreased blood pressure. Achondroplasia is a genetic condition that causes severely short stature and disproportionate growth. The average height of an adult with achondroplasia is approximately four feet. People with achondroplasia have a genetic mutation that causes a certain growth regulation gene called fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 to be overly active, which prevents normal bone growth. Vosoritide works by binding to a specific receptor called natriuretic peptide receptor-B that reduces the growth regulation gene's activity and stimulates bone growth. Vosoritide was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2021, and in the United States in November 2021. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romosozumab
Romosozumab, sold under the brand name Evenity, is a medication used to treat osteoporosis. It has been found to decrease the risk of fractures of the spine. Common side effect include headache, joint pain, and pain at the site of injection. It may increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths from cardiovascular disease. It is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets sclerostin. Research shows the drug increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal women with low bone density. Romosozumab was approved for medical use in Japan, the United States and the European Union in 2019. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Medical uses Romosozumab is used for osteoporosis to decrease the risk of fractures. Two trials found that it reduced the rate of vertebral fracture. In one, there was a 73% lower risk of vertebral fracture after one year, and the benefit was maintained after a second yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burosumab
Burosumab, sold under the brand name Crysvita, is a human monoclonal antibody medication approved 2018 for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia and tumor-induced osteomalacia. Medical uses In the European Union and the United States, burosumab is indicated for the treatment of adults and children ages one year and older with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a rare, inherited form of rickets. caused by overproduction of a hormone called FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) in bone cells. FGF23 is responsible for blocking phosphate re-absorption in the kidney and the suppression of the vitamin D dependent phosphate absorption in the intestine. Due to the excess activity of FGF23, phosphate levels in the blood are abnormally low (hypophosphatemia), which affects the constitution of bone. Thus, burosumab is designed to bind to the FGF23 receptor and inhibit the excess activity of the FGF23 hormone within the body. In the United States, burosumab is also approved to treat pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denosumab
Denosumab (trade names Prolia and Xgeva) is a human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of osteoporosis, treatment-induced bone loss, metastases to bone, and giant cell tumor of bone. Denosumab is contraindicated in people with low blood calcium levels. The most common side effects are joint and muscle pain in the arms or legs. Denosumab is a inhibitor of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand), which works by preventing the development of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone. It was developed by the biotechnology company Amgen. Medical uses Denosumab is used for those with osteoporosis at high risk for fractures, bone loss due to certain medications, and in those with bone metastases. Cancer A 2012 meta-analysis found that denosumab was better than placebo, zoledronic acid and pamidronate, in reducing the risk of fractures in those with cancer. Osteoporosis In those with postmenopausal osteoporosis denosumab decreases the risk of fracture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strontium Ranelate
Strontium ranelate, a strontium(II) salt of ranelic acid, is a medication for osteoporosis marketed as Protelos or Protos by Servier. Studies indicate it can also slow the course of osteoarthritis of the knee. The drug is unusual in that it both increases deposition of new bone by osteoblasts and reduces the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. It is therefore promoted as a "dual action bone agent" (DABA). On 13 May 2013, Servier released a Direct Healthcare Professional Communication which stated that new restrictions for the use of strontium ranelate are now in place, as randomised trials have shown an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Servier states that the use is now restricted to treatment of severe osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture. The European Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) recommended restriction in the use of strontium ranelate, based on a routine benefit-risk assessment of the medicine, which included data showin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aluminium Chlorohydrate
Aluminium chlorohydrate is a group of water-soluble, specific aluminium salts having the general formula Aln Cl(3n-m)( OH)m. It is used in cosmetics as an antiperspirant and as a coagulant in water purification. In water purification, this compound is preferred in some cases because of its high charge, which makes it more effective at destabilizing and removing suspended materials than other aluminium salts such as aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride and various forms of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyaluminium chlorisulfate, in which the aluminium structure results in a lower net charge than aluminium chlorohydrate. Further, the high degree of neutralization of the HCl results in minimal impact on treated water pH when compared to other aluminium and iron salts. Uses Aluminum chlorohydrate is one of the most common active ingredients in commercial antiperspirants. The variation most commonly used in deodorants and antiperspirants is Al2Cl(OH)5. Aluminum chlorohydrate i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ipriflavone
Ipriflavone (INN, JAN; brand name Yambolap) is a synthetic isoflavone which may be used to inhibit bone resorption, maintain bone density and to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is not used to treat osteoporosis. It slows down the action of the osteoclasts (bone-eroding cells), possibly allowing the osteoblasts (bone-building cells) to build up bone mass. A clinical trial reported in 2001 that it was ''not'' effective in prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. A double-blind study reveals that ipriflavone might be effective on reducing tinnitus on otosclerosis sufferers. Ipriflavone has been described as a phytoestrogen. However, this is incorrect, as the drug does not bind to or activate the estrogen receptor and shows no estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women. The drug prevents bone loss via mechanisms that are distinct from those of estrogen Estrogen or oestrogen is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eptotermin Alfa
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 or BMP7 (also known as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BMP7'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. Like other members of the bone morphogenetic protein family of proteins, it plays a key role in the transformation of mesenchymal cells into bone and cartilage. It is inhibited by noggin and a similar protein, chordin, which are expressed in the Spemann-Mangold Organizer. BMP7 may be involved in bone homeostasis. It is expressed in the brain, kidneys and bladder. BMP7 induces the phosphorylation of SMAD1 and SMAD5, which in turn induce transcription of numerous osteogenic genes. It has been demonstrated that BMP7 treatment is sufficient to induce all of the genetic markers of osteoblast differentiation in many cell types. Role in vertebrate development The role of BMP7 in mammalian kidney development is through induction of MET of the metanephrogenic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibotermin Alfa
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. Function BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic proteins, plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. It is involved in the hedgehog pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, and in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. It is also involved in cardiac cell differentiation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Like many other proteins from the BMP family, BMP-2 has been demonstrated to potently induce osteoblast differentiation in a variety of cell types. BMP-2 may be involved in white adipogenesis and may have metabolic effects. Interactions Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been shown to interact with BMPR1A. Clinical use and complications Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is shown to stimulate the production of bone. Recombinant human protein (rhBMP-2) is currently available for orthopaedic usage in the United States. Implantation of BMP-2 is performed using a vari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfacalcidol
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive. Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone levels than calcitriol, however alfacalcidol has significant effects on the immune system, including regulatory T cells. It is considered to be a more useful form of vitamin D supplementation, mostly due to much longer half-life and lower kidney load. It is the most commonly prescribed vitamin D metabolite for patients with end stage renal disease, given that impaired renal function alters the ability to carry out the second hydroxylation step required for the formation of the physiologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Alfacalcidol is an active vitamin D3 metabolite, and therefore does not require the second hydroxylation step in the kidney. It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1978. Trade names Pharmaceutical trade nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
