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ATC Code D04
D04A Antipruritics, including antihistamines, anesthetics, etc. D04AA Antihistamines for topical use :D04AA01 Thonzylamine :D04AA02 Mepyramine :D04AA03 Thenalidine :D04AA04 Tripelennamine :D04AA09 Chloropyramine :D04AA10 Promethazine :D04AA12 Tolpropamine :D04AA13 Dimetindene :D04AA14 Clemastine :D04AA15 Bamipine :D04AA16 Pheniramine :D04AA22 Isothipendyl :D04AA32 Diphenhydramine :D04AA33 Diphenhydramine methylbromide :D04AA34 Chlorphenoxamine D04AB Anesthetics for topical use :D04AB01 Lidocaine :D04AB02 Cinchocaine :D04AB03 Oxybuprocaine :D04AB04 Benzocaine :D04AB05 Quinisocaine :D04AB06 Tetracaine :D04AB07 Pramocaine :QD04AB51 Lidocaine, combinations D04AX Other antipruritics :D04AX01 Doxepin References {{Antipruritics ATC codes, D04 Antipruritics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipruritic
Antipruritics, abirritants, or anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: ''pruritus'') often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle. It can also be caused by chronic kidney disease and related conditions. Abirritants consist of a large group of drugs belonging to different classes with varying mechanisms to treat itch. They may work either directly or indirectly to relieve itch, and evidence on their effectiveness varies from one class to another. Some alternative medicines are also used to treat itch. Side effects of abirritants also vary depending on the class of the drug. Even before the emergence of modern evidence-based medicine, abirritants have already been used in many civilizations, but practices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isothipendyl
Isothipendyl is a 1st generation H1 antagonist (antihistamine) and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic. It is nowadays scarcely used in the 1st line relief of allergies due to the anticholinergic side effect of somnolence but does have some limited use through topical application in the relief of insect bites and related itching (pruritus). See also * Promethazine *Prothipendyl Prothipendyl (brand names Dominal, Timovan, Tolnate), also known as azaphenothiazine or phrenotropin, is an anxiolytic, antiemetic, and antihistamine of the azaphenothiazine group which is marketed in Europe and is used to treat anxiety and agi ... References H1 receptor antagonists Pyridobenzthiazines {{dermatologic-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doxepin
Doxepin is a medication falling in the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) class used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and insomnia. For label updates seFDA index page for NDA 022036/ref> For hives it is a less preferred alternative to antihistamines. It has a mild to moderate benefit for sleeping problems. It is used as a cream (pharmaceutical), cream for itchiness due to atopic dermatitis or lichen simplex chronicus. For label updates seFDA index page for NDA 020126/ref> Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, and blurry vision. Serious side effects may include increased risk of suicide in those under the age of 25, mania, and urinary retention. A antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, withdrawal syndrome may occur if the dose is rapidly decreased. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not generally recommended. Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Although how it works for treating depression remain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pramocaine
Pramocaine (INN and BAN, also known as pramoxine or pramoxine HCI) is a topical anesthetic discovered at Abbott Laboratories in 1953 and used as an antipruritic. During research and development, pramocaine hydrochloride stood out among a series of alkoxy aryl alkamine ethers as an especially good topical local anesthetic agent. Pharmacologic study revealed it to be potent and of low acute and subacute toxicity, well tolerated by most mucous membranes and of a low sensitizing index in humans. Like other local anesthetics, pramocaine decreases the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions, blocking both initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Depolarization and repolarization of excitable neural membranes is thus inhibited, leading to numbness. Use Topical anesthetics are used to relieve pain and itching caused by conditions such as sunburn or other minor burns, insect bites or stings, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and minor cuts and scratches. The popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracaine
Tetracaine, also known as amethocaine, is an ester local anesthetic used to numb the eyes, nose, or throat. It may also be applied to the skin before starting an intravenous (injection) to decrease pain from the procedure. Typically it is applied as a liquid to the area. Onset of effects when used in the eyes is within 30 seconds and last for less than 15 minutes. Common side effects include a brief period of burning at the site of use. Allergic reactions may uncommonly occur. Long-term use is generally not recommended as it may slow healing of the eye. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. Tetracaine is in the ester-type local anesthetic family of medications. It works by blocking the sending of nerve impulses. Tetracaine was patented in 1930 and came into medical use in 1941. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines Medical uses A systematic review investigated tetracaine for use in emergency departments, especially for star ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinisocaine
Quinisocaine (INN) or dimethisoquin (BAN and USAN) is a topical anesthetic used as an antipruritic Antipruritics, abirritants, or anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: ''pruritus'') often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those .... Synthesis The Henry reaction between phthalaldehydic acid (2-Formylbenzoic acid) 19-67-5(1) and 1-nitropentane 28-05-7occurs by a mechanism that involves a hydroxy acid (2). Expulsion of water then gives (3). Reduction of the nitro group via catalytic hydrogenation leads to the amineCID:158569430(4). Treatment of that amine with sodium hydroxide leads to ring opening of the lactone ring to the intermediary amino acid (5). This cyclises spontaneously to the lactam so that the product isolated from the reaction mixture is in fact the isoquinoline derivativeCID:154188092(7). Dehydration by means of strong acid gives 3-Butylisocarbos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzocaine
Benzocaine, sold under the brand name Orajel amongst others, is an ester local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever or in cough drops. It is the active ingredient in many over-the-counter anesthetic ointments such as products for oral ulcers. It is also combined with antipyrine to form A/B otic drops to relieve ear pain and remove earwax. In the US, products containing benzocaine for oral application are contraindicated in children younger than two years old. In the European Union, the contraindication applies to children under 12 years of age. It was first synthesised in 1890 in Germany and approved for medical use in 1902. Medical uses Benzocaine is indicated to treat a variety of pain-related conditions. It may be used for: * Local anesthesia of oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes (sore throat, cold sores, mouth ulcers, toothache, sore gums, denture irritation)AHFS Drug Information 2007. McEvoy GK, ed. Benzocaine. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Healt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxybuprocaine
Oxybuprocaine (INN), also known as benoxinate or BNX, is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine is sold by Novartis under the brand names Novesine or Novesin. Safety for use in pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Uses * In ophthalmology in order to numb the surface of the eye (the outermost layers of the cornea and conjunctiva) for the following purposes:Drugs.comMinims Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride 0.4%/ref> ** in order to perform a contact/applanation tonometry, ** for small operations, ** in order to remove small foreign objects from the uppermost layer of the cornea or conjunctiva; * in otolaryngology for numbing the mucous membranes of the nostrils and pharynx, for diagnostic purposes and small operations, * for numbing the mucous membranes of bronchi, for example in bronchoscopy, Pharmacokinetics Anaesthesia starts with a latency of 30 to 50 seconds and lasts for about 10 to 30 minutes, dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinchocaine
Cinchocaine (INN/ BAN) or dibucaine (USAN) is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. It is sold under the brand names Cincain, Nupercainal, Nupercaine and Sovcaine. Medical use Cinchocaine is the active ingredient in some topical hemorrhoid creams such as Proctosedyl. It is also a component of the veterinary drug Somulose, used for euthanasia of horses and cattle. Physical properties Cinchocaine is relatively insoluble in alkaline aqueous solutions. See also * Dibucaine number Dibucaine, also known as cinchocaine, is an amino amide local anesthetic. When administered to humans intravenously, it is capable of inhibiting the plasma cholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase) enzyme. The dibucaine number is used to differentiate ... References Further reading * * * * Local anesthetics Quinolines Phenol ethers Carboxamides Diethyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lidocaine
Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia. When used for local anaesthesia or in nerve blocks, lidocaine typically begins working within several minutes and lasts for half an hour to three hours. Lidocaine mixtures may also be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes to numb the area. It is often used mixed with a small amount of adrenaline (epinephrine) to prolong its local effects and to decrease bleeding. If injected intravenously, it may cause cerebral effects such as confusion, changes in vision, numbness, tingling, and vomiting. It can cause low blood pressure and an irregular heart rate. There are concerns that injecting it into a joint can cause problems with the cartilage. It appears to be generally safe for use in pregnancy. A lower dose may be required in those with liver problems. It is generally safe to use in those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorphenoxamine
Chlorphenoxamine (Phenoxene) is an antihistamine and anticholinergic used as an antipruritic and antiparkinsonian agent. It is an analog of diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an antihistamine and sedative mainly used to treat allergies, insomnia, and symptoms of the common cold. It is also less commonly used for tremor in parkinsonism, and nausea. It is taken by mouth, injected into .... References H1 receptor antagonists Chlorobenzenes Ethers Dimethylamino compounds {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenhydramine Methylbromide
Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an antihistamine and sedative mainly used to treat allergies, insomnia, and symptoms of the common cold. It is also less commonly used for tremor in parkinsonism, and nausea. It is taken by mouth, injected into a vein, injected into a muscle, or applied to the skin. Maximal effect is typically around two hours after a dose, and effects can last for up to seven hours. Common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination and an upset stomach. Its use is not recommended in young children or the elderly. There is no clear risk of harm when used during pregnancy; however, use during breastfeeding is not recommended. It is a first generation H1-antihistamine and ethanolamine and works by blocking certain effects of histamine, which produces its antihistamine and sedative effects. Diphenhydramine is also a potent anticholinergic, which means it also works as a deliriant at higher than recommended doses as a result. Its sedative and deliriant effe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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