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ASV Codar
ASV Codar (from ) is an Arabic typeface developed by . It was designed as a simplified typeface, with one vowels as their own characters. ASV Codar was first released in two versions: a "pure" version with only 84 characters, and a "total" version with 23 additional characters. History Ahmed Lakhdar Ghazal first filed for a patent for his project in France in 1954. He submitted his idea to the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo in 1958, but it was rejected. ASV Codar was first released in two versions: a "pure" version with only 84 characters, and a "total" version with 23 additional characters. In 1958, when Lakhdar Ghazal's was serving as both general secretary of Morocco's National Commission for UNESCO and head of the Fundamental Education section of the Moroccan , ASV Codar gained the support of the Moroccan government, which employed it in its first national campaign against illiteracy. In 1960, the Moroccan government created the Institute for Studies and Resear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Script
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it or a script directly derived from it, and the third-most by number of users (after the Latin and Chinese scripts). The script was first used to write texts in Arabic, most notably the Quran, the holy book of Islam. With the religion's spread, it came to be used as the primary script for many language families, leading to the addition of new letters and other symbols. Such languages still using it are: Persian (Farsi/Dari), Malay ( Jawi), Uyghur, Kurdish, Punjabi (Shahmukhi), Sindhi, Balti, Balochi, Pashto, Lurish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Rohingya, Somali and Mandinka, Mooré among others. Until the 16th century, it was also used for some Spanish texts, and—prior to the language reform in 1928—it was the writing system of Turkish. The script is written from right to left in a cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Diacritics
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, which include: consonant pointing known as (), and supplementary diacritics known as (). The latter include the vowel marks termed (; singular: , '). The Arabic script is a modified abjad, where short consonants and long vowels are represented by letters but short vowels and consonant length are not generally indicated in writing. ' is optional to represent missing vowels and consonant length. Modern Arabic is always written with the ''i‘jām''—consonant pointing, but only religious texts, children's books and works for learners are written with the full ''tashkīl''—vowel guides and consonant length. It is however not uncommon for authors to add diacritics to a word or letter when the grammatical case or the meaning is deemed otherwise ambiguous. In addition, classical works and historic documents rendered to the general public are often rendered with the full ''tashkīl'', to compensate for the gap in understanding resulting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Lakhdar Ghazal
Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the verb (''ḥameda'', "to thank or to praise"), non-past participle (). Lexicology As an Arabic name, it has its origins in a Quranic prophecy attributed to Jesus in the Quran which most Islamic scholars concede is about Muhammad. It also shares the same roots as Mahmud, Muhammad and Hamed. In its transliteration, the name has one of the highest number of spelling variations in the world. Though Islamic scholars attribute the name Ahmed to Muhammed, the verse itself is about a Messenger named Ahmed, whilst Muhammed was a Messenger-Prophet. Some Islamic traditions view the name Ahmad as another given name of Muhammad at birth by his mother, considered by Muslims to be the more esoteric name of Muhammad and central to understanding his nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academy Of The Arabic Language In Cairo
The Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo () is a language academy for Arabic created in Cairo, Egypt in 1932 by Fuad I of Egypt. It publishes Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (''The Great Dictionary'') and (''The Intermediary Dictionary''), two of the most important dictionaries of the Arabic language. Name It was founded as the Royal Academy for the Arabic Language ( ''majma' al-lughah al'arabiyyah al-malaki'') in 1932. In 1938, it became the Fu'ad I Academy for the Language. After the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and the end of the monarchy, it became the Academy of the Arabic Language. Background The academy's first permanent secretary, , chronicled in an article entitled istory of the Academy(), published in the first issue of the academy's journal () in 1934, the attempts of Arab men of letters to establish a regulatory institution for the Arabic language—none of which was successful. The Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo was born out of ideas and movements of late 19th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Commissions For UNESCO
National Commissions for UNESCO are national organizations that were established by Member States of UNESCO and which are the only such bodies in the whole UN system. T The national commissions were established under Article VII of the Constitution of the UNESCO by UNESCO member countries on a permanent basis, and are associated with the government bodies of the member countries. Currently, there are 198 such National Commissions. History During the Cold War different national commissions in different Balkan states initiated counter-hegemonic cultural rapprochement and cooperation between isolationist Albania, Warsaw Pact countries of Bulgaria and Romania, NATO member states of Greece, Turkey and Non-Aligned Yugoslavia when in 1963 in Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For Studies And Research On Arabization
The Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization (, or ) is an institute dedicated to Arabization in Rabat, Morocco created by decree January 14, 1960. History In 1960, the Moroccan government created the Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization at Mohammed V University for the development and modernization of Arabic, with Lakhdar Ghazal as its director. Its first congress was held in 1961 in Rabat. In 1967, the Arab League entrusted the Institute for Studies and Research on Arabization with coordinating efforts to enrich Arabic with developing scientific terminologies and to standardize the Arabization of such concepts in the Arab region. In 1975, an agreement with Morocco's and UNESCO provided funding for Lakhdar Ghazal's ASV Codar typography project. The administration of Prime Minister Saadeddine Othmani made the Institute part of the Mohammed V University in 2020. This move came after controversy arose from an attempt to place it along with the Royal Institut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed V University
Mohammed V University (, french: Université Mohammed-V de Rabat), in Rabat, Morocco, was founded in 1957 under a royal decree ( Dahir). It is the first modern university in Morocco after the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez. History The university was founded in 1957. It is named for Mohammed V, the former King of Morocco who died in 1961. In 1993, it was divided into two independent universities: Mohammed V University at Agdal and Mohammed V University at Souissi. In September 2014 the two universities merged into one, known as Mohammed V University, but maintaining the two campuses. The university has 18 total colleges as of 2020. Alumni * Mohammed Abed Al Jabri, Moroccan academic and philosopher; he graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1967 and a PhD in 1970. *Rafik Abdessalem, Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali, received a B.A. in philosophy from Mohammed V University.Sana AjmiRafik Abdessalem, ''Tunisia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It has 193 member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental and private sector. Headquartered at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field offices and 199 national commissions that facilitate its global mandate. UNESCO was founded in 1945 as the successor to the League of Nations's International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.English summary). Its constitution establishes the agency's goals, governing structure, and operating framework. UNESCO's founding mission, which was shaped by the Second World War, is to advance peace, sustainable development and human rights by facilitating collaboration and dialogue among nations. It pursues this objective t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Typefaces
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal written medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
