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Axiality (other)
Axiality may refer to: *Axiality (geometry), a measure of the axial symmetry of a two-dimensional shape *Axiality and rhombicity in mathematics, measures of the directional symmetry of a three-dimensional tensor *Axiality, a principle behind the art and poetry of George Quasha *Axiality in architecture, organization around a strong central axis, especially in the architecture of cathedrals and great churches and Beaux-Arts architecture See also *Axial (other) Axial may refer to: * one of the Anatomical terms of location#Other directional terms, anatomical directions describing relationships in an animal body * In geometry: :* a geometric term of location :* an axis of rotation * In chemistry, referring ...
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Axiality (geometry)
In the geometry of the Euclidean plane, axiality is a measure of how much axial symmetry a shape has. It is defined as the ratio of areas of the largest axially symmetric subset of the shape to the whole shape. Equivalently it is the largest fraction of the area of the shape that can be covered by a mirror reflection of the shape (with any orientation). A shape that is itself axially symmetric, such as an isosceles triangle, will have an axiality of exactly one, whereas an asymmetric shape, such as a scalene triangle, will have axiality less than one. Upper and lower bounds showed that every convex set has axiality at least 2/3.. Erratum, . This result improved a previous lower bound of 5/8 by . The best upper bound known is given by a particular convex quadrilateral, found through a computer search, whose axiality is less than 0.816. For triangles and for centrally symmetric convex bodies, the axiality is always somewhat higher: every triangle, and every centrally symmetric conve ...
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Axiality And Rhombicity
In physics and mathematics, axiality and rhombicity are two characteristics of a symmetric second-rank tensor in three-dimensional Euclidean space, describing its directional asymmetry. Let ''A'' denote a second-rank tensor in R3, which can be represented by a 3-by-3 matrix. We assume that ''A'' is symmetric. This implies that ''A'' has three real eigenvalues, which we denote by A_, A_ and A_. We assume that they are ordered such that :A_ \le A_ \le A_. The axiality of ''A'' is defined by : \Delta A =2 A_-(A_+A_). \, The rhombicity is the difference between the smallest and the second-smallest eigenvalue: : \delta A = A_-A_. \, Other definitions of axiality and rhombicity differ from the ones given above by constant factors which depend on the context. For example, when using them as parameters in the irreducible spherical tensor expansion, it is most convenient to divide the above definition of axiality by and that of rhombicity by . Applications The description of physical in ...
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George Quasha
George Quasha (born 1942) is an American artist and poet who works across media, exploring language, sculpture, drawing, video art, sound and music, installation, and performance. He lives and works in Barrytown, New York. Early life Quasha was born on July 14, 1942 in White Plains, New York and grew up in Florida. Work His ''axial stones'' are delicately balanced sculptures of two (occasionally three) stones positioned one upon another at the most precarious point discovered. "Axial" refers to the invisible axis that comes into focus at the moment of precarious balance. In addition to ''axial stones'', Quasha has created ''axial drawings'', executed with two hands simultaneously; ''axial drumming/music,'' non-metrical pulsation-based rhythm arising from interaction of instruments, sounds, surfaces; and ''axial poems,'' discovering points of charged variability in actual language use and bringing about a self-actualizing process. For his video installation work ''art is: Spe ...
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Architecture Of Cathedrals And Great Churches
The architecture of cathedrals and great churches is characterised by the buildings' large scale and follows one of several branching traditions of form, function and style that derive ultimately from the Early Christian architectural traditions established in Late Antiquity during the Christianization of the Roman Empire. Cathedrals, collegiate churches, and monastic churches like those of abbeys and priories, often have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches. They also tend to display a higher level of contemporary architectural style and the work of accomplished craftsmen, and occupy a status both ecclesiastical and social that an ordinary parish church rarely has. Such churches are generally among the finest buildings locally and a source of regional pride. Many are among the world's most renowned works of architecture. These include St Peter's Basilica, Notre-Dame de Paris, Cologne Cathedral, Salisbury Cathedral, Antwerp Cathedral, ...
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Beaux-Arts Architecture
Beaux-Arts architecture ( , ) was the academic architectural style taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, particularly from the 1830s to the end of the 19th century. It drew upon the principles of French neoclassicism, but also incorporated Renaissance and Baroque elements, and used modern materials, such as iron and glass. It was an important style in France until the end of the 19th century. History The Beaux-Arts style evolved from the French classicism of the Style Louis XIV, and then French neoclassicism beginning with Style Louis XV and Style Louis XVI. French architectural styles before the French Revolution were governed by Académie royale d'architecture (1671–1793), then, following the French Revolution, by the Architecture section of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Academy held the competition for the Grand Prix de Rome in architecture, which offered prize winners a chance to study the classical architecture of antiquity in Rome. The formal neoclassicism ...
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