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Avtar Singh Jouhl
Avtar Singh Jouhl (2 November 1937 – 8 October 2022) was a British anti-racism campaigner, national president of the Indian Workers' Association (IWA), foundry worker and trade union lecturer. His work campaigning to end the racial segregation in drinking establishments in Smethwick, West Midlands drew the attention of Malcolm X who visited the town, on 12 February 1965, and was taken to a segregated pub, the Blue Gates, with Jouhl and Indian activists to witness where non-white customers were forced to drink in separate rooms. Jouhl worked at the Smethwick foundries as a moulder's mate before becoming a shop steward. He was furious to learn he and other South Asian workers were paid less than half their white counterparts for the same dangerous, hot work. He acted as a welfare worker and saw the need for collective action to end the colour bar and to end the use of separate toilets for white and non-white workers in these factories. Jouhl played a role in the 1984–85 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jandiala
Jandiala is a village in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising .... Jandiala is a village in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. Jandiala is also known as Jandiala Manjki, (A part of a small area known as Manjki region). Jandiala is a big village as compared to the surrounding villages. Jandiala is located at the centre of a circle with its curvature passing through many major towns such as Nakodar (14Km), Jalandhar (20Km), Phagwara (14Km), Goraya (12Km), Phillaur(21Km) and Nurmahal (8Km) The village Jandiala now looks like a city. There were mandis of dozens of surrounding villages. As a result, the municipality was formed by the British government in the third quarter of the nineteenth century, but due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jute
Jute is a long, soft, shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from flowering plants in the genus ''Corchorus'', which is in the mallow family Malvaceae. The primary source of the fiber is ''Corchorus olitorius'', but such fiber is considered inferior to that derived from ''Corchorus capsularis''. "Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber used to make burlap, hessian, or gunny cloth. Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses. Jute fibers are composed primarily of plant materials cellulose and lignin. Jute fiber falls into the bast fiber category (fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax ( linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fiber is ''raw jute''. The fibers are off-white to brown and 1–4 meters (3–13 feet) long. Jute is also called the "golden fiber" for its color an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm X Plaque
Malcolm, Malcom, Máel Coluim, or Maol Choluim may refer to: People * Malcolm (given name), includes a list of people and fictional characters * Clan Malcolm * Maol Choluim de Innerpeffray, 14th-century bishop-elect of Dunkeld Nobility * Máel Coluim, Earl of Atholl, Mormaer of Atholl between 1153/9 and the 1190s * Máel Coluim, King of Strathclyde, 10th century * Máel Coluim of Moray, Mormaer of Moray 1020–1029 * Máel Coluim (son of the king of the Cumbrians), possible King of Strathclyde or King of Alba around 1054 * Malcolm I of Scotland (died 954), King of Scots * Malcolm II of Scotland, King of Scots from 1005 until his death * Malcolm III of Scotland, King of Scots * Malcolm IV of Scotland, King of Scots * Máel Coluim, Earl of Angus, the fifth attested post 10th-century Mormaer of Angus * Máel Coluim I, Earl of Fife, one of the more obscure Mormaers of Fife * Maol Choluim I, Earl of Lennox, Mormaer * Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife, Mormaer * Maol Choluim II, Earl of Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Blue Gates
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitchells & Butlers Brewery
Mitchells & Butlers Brewery was formed when Henry Mitchell's old Crown Brewery (founded in Smethwick in 1866) merged with William Butler's Brewery (also founded in Smethwick in 1866) in 1898. Henry Mitchell had moved to the Cape Hill site in 1879 and this became the company's main brewing site. It had its own railway network, connected to the national railway system from 1907–1962, via the Harborne line. Various acquisitions included Holder's Brewers, who owned Birmingham's Midland Brewery, in 1919. The company merged with Bass in 1961. With the brand under ownership of Coors Brewers, the brewery closed in 2002 with production switched to Burton upon Trent. The brewery was undergoing demolition in 2005. The site is now a housing estate, although the Mitchell & Butler war memorial, built in 1920, has been retained and restored. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirley Joshi,
Shirley may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Shirley'' (novel), an 1849 novel by Charlotte Brontë * ''Shirley'' (1922 film), a British silent film * ''Shirley'' (2020 film), an American film * ''Shirley'' (album), a 1961 album by Shirley Bassey * "Shirley" (song), a 1958 song by John Fred and the Playboys * ''Shirley'' (TV series), a 1979 TV series People *Shirley (name), a given name and a surname *Shirley (Danish singer) (born 1976) *Shirley (Dutch singer) (born 1946), Dutch singer and pianist Places United Kingdom *Shirley, Derbyshire, England * Shirley, New Forest, a location near Bransgore in Hampshire *Shirley, Southampton, a district of Southampton, Hampshire, England *Shirley, London, in Croydon *Shirley, West Midlands, England United States *Shirley, Arkansas *Shirley, Illinois *Shirley, Indiana *Shirley, Maine *Shirley, Massachusetts, a New England town **Shirley (CDP), Massachusetts, the main village in the town *Shirley, Minnesota *Shirley, Missouri *Shirley, Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagmohan Joshi
Jagmohan Malhotra (25 September 1927 – 3 May 2021), known by the mononym Jagmohan, was an Indian civil servant and politician. After working with the Indian National Congress, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 1995. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Delhi and Goa, as the 5th Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, and for three terms as Member of Parliament for New Delhi. In the cabinet, he served as Union Minister for Urban Development and Tourism. Early life Jagmohan Malhotra was born in a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family to Amir Chand and Dropadi Devi on 25 September 1927 in Hafizabad, British India. He got married in 1957 to Uma, who came to be known as Uma Jagmohan. Career Jagmohan admired Georges-Eugene Haussmann. Jagmohan first gained notoriety during his stint as vice-chairman of the Delhi Development Authority in the mid 1970s. During this time he grew close to Sanjay Gandhi, who functioned as an informal advisor to his mother, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rationing
Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. Rationing controls the size of the ration, which is one's allowed portion of the resources being distributed on a particular day or at a particular time. There are many forms of rationing, although rationing by price is most prevalent. Rationing is often done to keep price below the market clearing, market-clearing price determined by the process of supply and demand in an free market, unfettered market. Thus, rationing can be complementary to incomes policies, price controls. An example of rationing in the face of rising prices took place in the various countries where there was rationing of gasoline during the 1973 energy crisis. A reason for setting the price lower than would clear the market may be that there is a shortage, which would drive the market price very high. High prices, especially in the case of necessities, are undesirable with regard to those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Race
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered "black" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned compared to other populations. It is most commonly used for people of sub-Saharan African ancestry and the indigenous peoples of Oceania, though it has been applied in many contexts to other groups, and is no indicator of any close ancestral relationship whatsoever. Indigenous African societies do not use the term ''black'' as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures. The term "black" may or may not be capitalized. The '' AP Stylebook'' changed its guide to capitalize the "b" in ''black'' in 2020. The '' ASA Style Guide'' says that the "b" should not be capitalized. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka.", "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjabis
The Punjabis ( Punjabi: ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ; romanised as Panjābīs), are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group associated with the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. They generally speak Standard Punjabi or various Punjabi dialects on both sides. The ethnonym is derived from the term ''Punjab'' (Five rivers) in Persian to describe the geographic region of the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, where five rivers Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, and Sutlej merge into the Indus River, in addition of the now-vanished Ghaggar. The coalescence of the various tribes, castes and the inhabitants of the Punjab region into a broader common "Punjabi" identity initiated from the onset of the 18th century CE. Historically, the Punjabi people were a heterogeneous group and were subdivided into a number of clans called '' biradari'' (literally meaning "brotherhood") or ''tribes'', with each person bound t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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