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Avar (other)
Avar(s) or AVAR may refer to: Peoples and states * Avars (Caucasus), a modern Northeast Caucasian-speaking people in the North Caucasus, Dagestan, Russia **Avar language, the modern Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Avars of the North Caucasus, Dagestan, Russia ** Avar Khanate, a former country of the Caucasus Avars * Pannonian Avars, a medieval nomadic people who lived in Central and Eastern Europe of probable East Asian Steppe origin ** Avar Khaganate, a former country of the Pannonian Avars * Rouran Khaganate, a state of nomadic Mongolian tribes from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century, possibly linked with the Pannonian Avars Settlements in Iran * Avar, Qazvin * Avar, Razavi Khorasan * Avar, Tehran In science and technology * Avar (animation variable), a variable in computer-generated imagery * Avar(), symbol for asymptotic variance, in statistics * Allan variance, a statistical measure of frequency stability * Trade name for dermatological drugs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avars (Caucasus)
The Avars, also known as ''Maharuls'' ( Avar: , , "mountaineers") are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group. The Avars are the largest of several ethnic groups living in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The Avars reside in the North Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Alongside other ethnic groups in the North Caucasus region, the Avars live in ancient villages located approximately 2,000 m above sea level. The Avar language spoken by the Caucasian Avars belongs to the family of Northeast Caucasian languages. Sunni Islam has been the prevailing religion of the Avars since the 13th century. Ethnonyms According to 19th-century Russian historians, the Avars' neighbors usually referred to them as Tavlins (''tavlintsy''). This is an exonym. Vasily Potto wrote that those to the south usually knew them as Tavlins (''tavlintsy''). Potto wrote, "The words in different languages have the same meaning... fmountain dwellers rhighlanders."''В. А. Потто.'Кавка ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar (animation Variable)
An avar or animation variable (or hinge) is a variable controlling the position of part of an animated object, such as a character. The character "Woody" in the Disney•Pixar film ''Toy Story'' (1995) uses 712 avars (212 on his face alone). Successive sets of avars control all movement of the character from frame to frame. In development, they are used to define the junctions of a stick model. Later, they are incorporated into a full wire frame model or a model built of polygons. Finally, surfaces are added, requiring a lengthy process of rendering to produce the final scene. There are several ways of generating the avar values. Motion capture uses a real person acting out the part, tracked by a video camera. ''Toy Story'' uses no motion capture, manual control by a skilled animator can produce effects not easily carried out by a human actor. See also * Animation * Animation database * Computer generated imagery * Computer animation * Pixar Pixar Animation Studios (c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avari (Middle-earth)
In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, the Elves or Quendi are a sundered (divided) people. They awoke at Cuiviénen on the continent of Middle-earth, where they were divided into three tribes: Minyar (the Firsts), Tatyar (the Seconds) and Nelyar (the Thirds). After some time, they were summoned by Oromë to live with the Valar in Valinor, on Aman. That summoning and the Great Journey that followed split the Elves into two main groups (and many minor ones), which were never fully reunited. Tolkien stated that the stories were made to create a world for his elvish languages, not the reverse. The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey writes that ''The Silmarillion'' derived from the linguistic relationship between the two languages, Quenya and Sindarin, of the divided Elves. The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger states that Tolkien used the Indo-European type of proto-language as his model. In her view, the sundering of the Elves reflects the progressive decline and fall in Middle-earth from its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Average Value At Risk
Expected shortfall (ES) is a risk measure—a concept used in the field of financial risk measurement to evaluate the market risk or credit risk A credit risk is risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and increased ... of a portfolio. The "expected shortfall at q% level" is the expected return on the portfolio in the worst q\% of cases. ES is an alternative to value at risk that is more sensitive to the shape of the tail of the loss distribution. Expected shortfall is also called conditional value at risk (CVaR), average value at risk (AVaR), expected tail loss (ETL), and superquantile. ES estimates the risk of an investment in a conservative way, focusing on the less profitable outcomes. For high values of q it ignores the most profitable but unlikely possibilities, while for small values of q it focuses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Video Assistant Referee
The video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official in association football who reviews decisions made by the referee. The assistant video assistant referee (AVAR) is a current or former referee appointed to assist the VAR in the video operation room. The responsibilities of the AVAR include watching the live action on the field while the VAR is undertaking a "check" or a "review", to keep a record of reviewable incidents, and to communicate the outcome of a review to broadcasters. Following extensive trialling in a number of major competitions, VAR was formally written into the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB) on March 3, 2018. Operating under the philosophy of "minimal interference, maximum benefit", the VAR system seeks to provide a way for "clear and obvious errors" and "serious missed incidents" to be corrected. Procedure There are four categories of decisions that can be reviewed. * Goal/no goal – attacking team commits an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfonamide (medicine)
Sulfonamide is a functional group (a part of a molecule) that is the basis of several groups of drugs, which are called sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs. The original antibacterial sulfonamides are synthetic (nonantibiotic) antimicrobial agents that contain the sulfonamide group. Some sulfonamides are also devoid of antibacterial activity, e.g., the anticonvulsant sultiame. The sulfonylureas and thiazide diuretics are newer drug groups based upon the antibacterial sulfonamides. Allergies to sulfonamides are common. The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions to sulfa antibiotics is approximately 3%, close to penicillin; hence medications containing sulfonamides are prescribed carefully. Sulfonamide drugs were the first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically, and paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine. Function In bacteria, antibacterial sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Variance
The Allan variance (AVAR), also known as two-sample variance, is a measure of frequency stability in clock A clock or a timepiece is a device used to measure and indicate time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day, the lunar month and the ...s, oscillators and amplifiers. It is named after David W. Allan and expressed mathematically as \sigma_y^2(\tau). The Allan deviation (ADEV), also known as sigma-tau, is the square root of the Allan variance, \sigma_y(\tau). The ''M-sample variance'' is a measure of frequency stability using ''M'' samples, time ''T'' between measurements and observation time \tau. ''M''-sample variance is expressed as :\sigma_y^2(M, T, \tau). The Allan variance is intended to estimate stability due to noise processes and not that of systematic errors or imperfections such as frequency drift or temperature effects. The Allan variance and Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar()
In statistics, the delta method is a result concerning the approximate probability distribution for a function of an asymptotically normal statistical estimator from knowledge of the limiting variance In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its population mean or sample mean. Variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbe ... of that estimator. History The delta method was derived from propagation of error, and the idea behind was known in the early 19th century. Its statistical application can be traced as far back as 1928 by Truman Lee Kelley, T. L. Kelley. A formal description of the method was presented by J. L. Doob in 1935. Robert Dorfman also described a version of it in 1938. Univariate delta method While the delta method generalizes easily to a multivariate setting, careful motivation of the technique is more easily demonstrated in univariate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar, Tehran
Nam Avar ( fa, ناماور, also Romanized as Nām Āvar and Nimewar; also known as Āvar) is a village in Shahrabad Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni .... At the 2006 census, its population was 274, in 76 families. References Populated places in Firuzkuh County {{Firuzkuh-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar Language
Avar (, , "language of the mountains" or , , "Avar language"), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately 1 million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia. Geographic distribution It is spoken mainly in the western and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zaqatala regions of north-western Azerbaijan. Some Avars live in other regions of Russia. There are also small communities of speakers living in the Russian republics of Chechnya and Kalmykia; in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Jordan, and the Marmara Sea region of Turkey. It is spoken by about 762,000 people worldwide. UNESCO classifies Avar as vulnerable to extinction. Status It is one of six literary languages of Dagestan, where it is spoken not only by the Avar, but also serves as the language of communication between different ethnic groups. Dialec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar, Razavi Khorasan
Ivar ( fa, ايور, also Romanized as Īvar; also known as Avar and Ewar) is a village in Barkuh Rural District, Kuhsorkh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni .... At the 2006 census, its population was 2,627, in 668 families. References External links Populated places in Kuhsorkh County {{RazaviKhorasan-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avar, Qazvin
Adar ( fa, ادار, also Romanized as Ādār; also known as Adād and Āvār) is a village in Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Central District, Avaj County, Qazvin Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni .... At the 2006 census, its population was 388, in 82 families. References {{Portal, Iran Populated places in Avaj County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
