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Authorship
An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created''." Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work, i.e. the author. If more than one person created the work (i.e., multiple authors), then a case of joint authorship takes place. The copyright laws are have minor differences in various jurisdictions across the United States. The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as "a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of 'original works of authorship.'" Legal significance of authorship Holding the title of "author" over any "literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, rcertain other intellectual works" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Authorship
Academic authorship of journal articles, books, and other original works is a means by which academics communicate the results of their scholarly work, establish priority for their discoveries, and build their reputation among their peers. Authorship is a primary basis that employers use to evaluate academic personnel for employment, promotion, and tenure. In academic publishing, authorship of a work is claimed by those making intellectual contributions to the completion of the research described in the work. In simple cases, a solitary scholar carries out a research project and writes the subsequent article or book. In many disciplines, however, collaboration is the norm and issues of authorship can be controversial. In these contexts, authorship can encompass activities other than writing the article; a researcher who comes up with an experimental design and analyzes the data may be considered an author, even if she or he had little role in composing the text describing the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghostwriter
A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are officially credited to another person as the author. Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, memoirs, magazine articles, or other written material. Memoir ghostwriters often pride themselves in "disappearing" when impersonating others since such disappearance signals the quality of their craftsmanship. In music, ghostwriters are often used to write songs, lyrics, and instrumental pieces. Screenplay authors can also use ghostwriters to either edit or rewrite their scripts to improve them. Usually, there is a confidentiality clause in the contract between the ghostwriter and the credited author that obligates the former to remain anonymous. Sometimes the ghostwriter is acknowledged by the author or publisher for their writing services, euphemistically called a "researcher" or "resea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint Authorship
Joint authorship of a copyrightable work is when two or more persons contribute enough to the work to be the author of that work. In the case of joint authorship, the authors share the copyright in the work with each other. International conventions Article 7bis of the states the term of protection for works of joint authorship and extends the general terms of protection provided unde Article 7 to works of joint authorship, under the condition that the term of copyright protection must be measured from the death of the last surviving author. But the Berne Convention doesn’t define wha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auteur
An auteur (; , 'author') is an artist with a distinctive approach, usually a film director whose filmmaking control is so unbounded but personal that the director is likened to the "author" of the film, which thus manifests the director's unique style or thematic focus. As an unnamed value, auteurism originated in French film criticism of the late 1940s, and derives from the critical approach of André Bazin and Alexandre Astruc, whereas American critic Andrew Sarris in 1962 called it auteur theory. Yet the concept first appeared in French in 1955 when director François Truffaut termed it ''policy of the authors'', and interpreted the films of some directors, like Alfred Hitchcock, as a body revealing recurring themes and preoccupations. American actor Jerry Lewis directed his own 1960 film ''The Bellboy'' via sweeping control, and was praised for "personal genius." By 1970, the New Hollywood era emerged with studios granting directors broad leeway. Pauline Kael argued, howev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lead Author
In academic publishing, the lead author or first author is the first named author of a publication such as a research article or audit. Academic authorship standards vary widely across disciplines. In many academic subjects, including the natural sciences, computer science and electrical engineering, the lead author of a research article is typically the person who carried out the research and wrote and edited the paper. The list of trailing co-authors reflects, typically, diminishing contributions to the work reported in the manuscript. Sometimes, journals require statements detailing each author's contributions to be included in each publication. In other disciplines (such as mathematics) however, authors are typically listed alphabetically rather than by contribution. The proportion of multi-author papers has increased in recent decades, reflecting increasingly complex multi-investigator research projects, as well as the "publish or perish" culture of academic performance eva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu (; 1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields (e.g. anthropology, media and cultural studies, education, popular culture, and the arts). During his academic career he was primarily associated with the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris and the Collège de France. Bourdieu's work was primarily concerned with the dynamics of power in society, especially the diverse and subtle ways in which power is transferred and social order is maintained within and across generations. In conscious opposition to the idealist tradition of much of Western philosophy, his work often emphasized the corporeal nature of social life and stressed the role of practice and embodiment in social dynamics. Building upon and criticizing the theories of Kar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Novelists
Well-known authors of novels, listed by country: ''See also'': Lists of authors, List of poets, List of playwrights, List of short story authors Afghanistan * Aliyeh Ataei (born 1981) *Khaled Hosseini (born 1965) Albania * Dritero Agolli (1931–2017) *Ismail Kadare (born 1936) *Fatos Kongoli (born 1944) *Faik Konitza (1875–1942) *Migjeni (1911–1938) * Haki Stermilli (1895–1953) *Jakov Xoxa (1923–1979) Algeria *Marguerite Taos Amrouche (1913–1976) *Rachid Boudjedra (born 1941) *Albert Camus (1913–1960) *Mohammed Dib (1920–2003) *Tahar Djaout (1954–1993) *Assia Djebar (1936–2015) *Frantz Fanon (1925–1961), originally from Martinique *Mouloud Feraoun (1913–1962) *Mouloud Mammeri (1917–1989) *Rachid Mimouni (1945–1995) *Ahlam Mostaghanemi (born 1953) *Leïla Sebbar (born 1941) *Kateb Yacine (1929–1989) Roman Empire, Ancient Latin authors *Apuleius (c. 124–c. 170) *Petronius (c. 27–66) Angola *José Eduardo Agualusa (born 1960) *Sousa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Poets
This is an alphabetical list of internationally notable poets. A Ab–Ak *Aarudhra (1925–1968), Indian Telugu poet, born Bhagavatula Sadasiva Sankara Sastry * Jonathan Aaron (born 1941), US poet * Chris Abani (born 1966), Nigerian poet * Henry Abbey (1842–1911), US poet *Eleanor Hallowell Abbott (1872–1958), US poet and fiction writer * Siôn Abel (fl. 18th c.), Welsh balladeer *Lascelles Abercrombie (1881–1938), English poet and literary critic * Arthur Talmage Abernethy (1872–1956), US journalist, minister, scholar; first North Carolina Poet Laureate * Sam Abrams (born 1935), US poet, editor and critic * Seth Abramson (born 1976), US poet * Kosta Abrašević (1879–1898), Serbian poet *Dannie Abse (1923–2014), Welsh poet in English *Kathy Acker (1947–1997), US experimental novelist, punk poet and playwright *Diane Ackerman (born 1948), US author, poet and naturalist * Duane Ackerson (1942–2020), US writer of speculative poetry and fiction *Milton Acorn (1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Writers
The following are lists of writers: Alphabetical indices A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z Lists by genre Top of page Lists by language (non-English) Top of page Lists by ethnicity or nationality Top of page Lists of women writers and works Main list * Women writers: (A-L), (M-Z) By country Other lists of women writers Top of page Lists by publisher * List of Alfred A. Knopf authors * List of Minerva Press authors Top of page See also * Lists of books * List of literary awards External links * * "Poets & Writers Directory."''Poets & Writers'' "Authors A-Z."''The Guardian'' "Browse By Author."''Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composition (language)
The term composition (from Latin ''com-'' "with" and ''ponere'' "to place") as it refers to writing, can describe writers' decisions about, processes for designing, and sometimes the final product of, a document. In original use, it tended to describe practices concerning the development of oratorical performances, and eventually essays, narratives, or genres of imaginative literature, but since the mid-20th century emergence of the field of composition studies, its use has broadened to apply to any composed work: print or digital, alphanumeric or multimodal. Elements of composition Theoretical and applied studies in narratology, rhetoric, and composition studies have identified elements like the following as relevant to processes of composing language. This list is neither exclusive nor sequential: *Outline, the organisations of thoughts and/or ideas which is used to determine organisational technique *Plot, the course or arrangement of events *Theme, the unifying subject or id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professional Writing
Professional writing as an activity is writing for reward or as a profession; as a product or object, professional writing is any form of written communication produced in a workplace environment or context that enables employees to, for example, communicate effectively among themselves, help leadership make informed decisions, advise clients, comply with federal, state, or local regulatory bodies, bid for contracts, etc. For example, in a business office, a memorandum (abbrev. memo) can be used to provide a solution to a problem, make a suggestion, or convey information. Other forms of professional writing commonly generated in the workplace include email, letters, reports, and instructions. In seeking to inform, persuade, instruct, stimulate debate, or encourage action from recipients, skilled professional writers make adjustments to different degrees of shared context, e.g., from a relatively accessible style useful for unsolicited contact letter to prospective clients to a technic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributive Writing
Distributive writing is the collective authorship (or distributed authorship) of texts. This further requires both a definition of ''collective'' and ''texts'', where collective means a connected group of individuals and texts are inscribed symbols chained together to achieve a larger meaning than isolated symbols. This places emphasis on texts being represented as writings. This could be written words, iconic symbology (e.g., graffiti), computer programming languages ( C/C++, Java, Perl, etc.), meta-level mark-up (HTML, XML, SVG, PostScript), and their derivative works. Also, not to be excluded are all the above in various languages. Further, to define texts, we must also have an interpreter for the texts. For computer programming languages, we have a compiler, for writings we have written words interpreted by our mental faculties, and for meta-level mark-up there are web browsers, printers to interpret postscript, and various software applications which turn textual represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
