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Austromusotima Camptozonale
''Austromusotima camptozonale'', the climbing maidhair pyralid moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to Australia, but attempts have been made to introduce it to southern Florida as a biological control agent for Old World climbing fern. The wingspan is about 10 mm. The larvae feed on ''Lygodium microphyllum ''Lygodium microphyllum'' (commonly known as, variously, climbing maidenhair fern, Old World climbing fern, small-leaf climbing fern, or snake fern) is a climbing fern originating in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia. It is ...'', '' Lygodium japonicum'' and '' Lygodium palmatum''. References External linksEfforts to establish a foliage-feeding moth, Austromusotima camptozonale, against Lygodium microphyllum in Florida, considered in the light of a retrospective review of establishment success of weed biocontrol agents
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George Hampson
Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist. Hampson studied at Charterhouse School and Exeter College, Oxford. He travelled to India to become a tea-planter in the Nilgiri Hills of the Madras presidency (now Tamil Nadu), where he became interested in moths and butterflies. When he returned to England he became a voluntary worker at the Natural History Museum, where he wrote ''The Lepidoptera of the Nilgiri District'' (1891) and ''The Lepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon'' (1893) as parts 8 and 9 of ''Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera of the British Museum''. He then commenced work on ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths'' (four volumes, 1892–1896). Albert C. L. G. Günther offered him a position as assistant at the museum in March 1895, and, after succeeding to his baronetcy A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, ...
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Moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well establishe ...
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Crambidae
The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies include brightly coloured and patterned insects which rest in wing-spread attitudes. In many classifications, the Crambidae have been treated as a subfamily of the Pyralidae or snout-moths. The principal difference is a structure in the tympanal organs called the praecinctorium, which joins two tympanic membranes in the Crambidae, and is absent from the Pyralidae. The latest review by Munroe and Solis, in Kristensen (1999), retains the Crambidae as a full family. The family currently comprises 15 subfamilies with altogether 10,347 species in over 1,000 genera. Systematics *subfamilia incertae sedis **''Conotalis'' Hampson, 1919 **''Exsilirarcha'' Salmon & Bradley, 1956 *Subfamily Acentropinae Stephens, 1836 *Subfamily Crambinae Latreille, ...
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ...
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Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba; it is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Spanning , Florida ranks 22nd in area among the 50 states, and with a population of over 21 million, it is the third-most populous. The state capital is Tallahassee, and the most populous city is Jacksonville. The Miami metropolitan area, with a population of almost 6.2 million, is the most populous urban area in Florida and the ninth-most populous in the United States; other urban conurbations with over one million people are Tampa Bay, Orlando, and Jacksonville. Various Native American groups have inhabited Florida for at least 14,000 years. In 1513, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León became the first k ...
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Austromusotima Camptozonale2
''Austromusotima'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Austromusotima camptozonale ''Austromusotima camptozonale'', the climbing maidhair pyralid moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to Australia, but attempts have been made to introduce it to southern Florida as a biological control agent for Old World climbi ...'' (Hampson, 1897) *'' Austromusotima metastictalis'' (Hampson, 1917) References Musotiminae Crambidae genera {{Musotiminae-stub ...
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Austromusotima Camptozonale3
''Austromusotima'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Species *''Austromusotima camptozonale ''Austromusotima camptozonale'', the climbing maidhair pyralid moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to Australia, but attempts have been made to introduce it to southern Florida as a biological control agent for Old World climbi ...'' (Hampson, 1897) *'' Austromusotima metastictalis'' (Hampson, 1917) References Musotiminae Crambidae genera {{Musotiminae-stub ...
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Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stood at and owned one of the largest wingspans at . Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design and anima ...
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Lygodium Microphyllum
''Lygodium microphyllum'' (commonly known as, variously, climbing maidenhair fern, Old World climbing fern, small-leaf climbing fern, or snake fern) is a climbing fern originating in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia. It is an invasive weed in Florida where it invades open forest and wetland areas. The type specimen was collected in the vicinity of Nabúa, on the island of Luzon in the Philippines by Luis Née. Distribution ''Lygodium microphyllum'' is native to much of tropical Africa and South Africa; tropical Asia, including China, Ryukyu Islands of Japan; Australia; Fiji, the Mariana Islands and Caroline Islands. ''Lygodium microphyllum'' has become naturalized in the Caribbean and South Florida. Effects on the environment ''Lygodium microphyllum'' causes problems in the environments where it is invasive. The plant damages wetland ecosystems, harming endangered species. The ferns ability to grow up and over trees and shrubs and to form dense ...
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Lygodium Japonicum
''Lygodium japonicum'' is a species of fern that is known by the common names vine-like fern and Japanese climbing fern. It is native to eastern Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, Korea, southeastern Asia, and India, and eastern Australia. The fern is present in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico as an introduced species.Munger, Gregory T. 2005''Lygodium'' spp.In: Fire Effects Information System, nline U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Retrieved 11-07-2011. Description This fern produces a creeping stem from which grow very long leaves, the longest exceeding . The leaves have rachises, which are vine-like and may climb other vegetation. What appear to be individual leaves sprouting from the twining rachis are actually leaflets, which are smaller segments from the main leaf. There are two types of leaflets, sterile and fertile. The sterile frond has lance-shaped segments. The fertile frond ...
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Lygodium Palmatum
''Lygodium palmatum'' is the only species of its genus native to North America. Unlike most species in the genus, this one, called the American climbing fern (or Hartford fern, after Hartford, Connecticut), is extremely hardy in temperate zones. This fern is on endangered or threatened species lists in several states. It requires constant moisture, high light levels, and intensely acid soil to thrive. Its range is essentially Appalachian, ranging from New England down through the Appalachians, Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ... and Appalachian plateaus into the American south. References *Lellinger, David B. ''A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern Allies of the United States & Canada''. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1985. External links * ...
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Musotiminae
Musotiminae is a subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1884 Genera *'' Aeolopetra'' *''Albusambia'' *'' Ambia'' (= ''Metathyrida'' , ''Metathyridia'' ) *'' Austromusotima'' *'' Baeoptila'' *'' Barisoa'' *''Cilaus'' *'' Drosophantis'' *'' Elachypteryx'' *'' Eugauria'' *'' Lygomusotima'' *''Malleria'' *''Midilambia'' *'' Musotima'' (= ''Musotina'' ) *'' Neomusotima'' *'' Neurophyseta'' (= ''Cymoriza'' , ''Cymorrhiza'' , ''Neurophysetis'' , ''Omphaloptera'' ) *'' Odilla'' *''Panotima'' *''Parthenodes'' *''Siamusotima'' *'' Thysanoidma'' *''Undulambia'' (= ''Ambia albitesselalis'' ) *''Uthinia'' *''Yoshiyasua ''Yoshiyasua'' is a grass moth genus (family Crambidae) of subfamily Musotiminae. Some authors have placed it in the snout moth family (Pyralidae), where all grass moths were once also included, but this seems to be in error. The genus contains ...'' (= ''Melanochroa'' ) References * , 1998: The Scopari ...
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