Austrochilus
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Austrochilus
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...: *'' Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *'' Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *'' Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Franckei
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argen ...'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *'' Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *'' Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Schlingeri
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *''Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *''Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *''Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *''Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *''Austrochilus parwis ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopar ...'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Parwis
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *''Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *''Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *''Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *''Austrochilus newtoni ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopar ...'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Newtoni
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *''Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *''Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *''Austrochilus melon ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopar ...'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Melon
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *''Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *''Austrochilus manni ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopar ...'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Manni
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *''Austrochilus franckei ''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina: *''Austrochilus forsteri ''Austrochilus ...'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *'' Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilus Forsteri
''Austrochilus'' is a genus of South American cribellate araneomorph spiders in the family Austrochilidae, first described by H. Zapfe in 1955. Species it contains seven species in Chile and Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...: *'' Austrochilus forsteri'' Grismado, Lopardo & Platnick, 2003 – Chile *'' Austrochilus franckei'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile, Argentina *'' Austrochilus manni'' Gertsch & Zapfe, 1955 ( type) – Chile *'' Austrochilus melon'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus newtoni'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile *'' Austrochilus parwis'' Michalik & Wunderlich, 2017 – Chile *'' Austrochilus schlingeri'' Platnick, 1987 – Chile References Araneomorphae genera Austrochilidae Spiders of South America {{Austrochilidae-stub ...
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Austrochilidae
Austrochilidae is a small spider family with nine species in two genera. ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' are endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina. Taxonomy , two genera are placed in the family Austrochilidae: ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'', found in Chile and Argentina. The taxonomic placement of these genera has varied. In 1968, Lehtinen synonymized ''Austrochilus'' and ''Thaida'' under the latter name, placing the genus in a family he called "Thaididae". However, the family name "Thaididae" is preoccupied, being first used for a family of gastropods in 1887. A single family was accepted by Forster ''et al''. in 1987, under the name "Austrochilidae". Molecular phylogenetic studies agree in placing the two genera as basal members of the Araneomorphae, although the precise details and the family placement are not yet agreed. Phylogeny One hypothesis for the phylogeny of the genera placed in the family is shown below (Austrochilidae g ...
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Cribellum
Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or outer layer. In certain groups of spider species, so-called cribellate spiders, the cribellum is a silk spinning organ. Unlike the usual spinnerets of spiders, the cribellum consists of one or more plates covered in thousands of tiny spigots, tiny holes that hardly project from the surface, in contrast to the elongated spigots that project from spinnerets. These minute spigots produce extremely fine fibers, merely tens of nanometres thick, which are combed out by the spider's calamistrum, producing silk with a woolly texture. The fibers are so small in diameter that they are strongly subject to Van der Waals forces. In addition, the fibres have a surface that absorbs waxes from the epicuticle of insect prey on contact. This creates a po ...
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Willis J
Willis may refer to: Places United States * Willis, Florida, an unincorporated community * Willis, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Willis, Kansas, a city * Willis, Michigan, an unincorporated community * Willis, Nebraska, an unincorporated community * Willis, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * Willis, Texas, a city * Willis, Floyd County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Willis, Russell County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Willis River, a tributary of the James River in Virginia Elsewhere * Willis, Grenada, a town * Willis Island, Coral Sea Islands Territory, Australia * Willis Islands, South Georgia Islands Arts and entertainment Works * ''Giselle'' or ''The Willis'', a ballet (in the ballet, the Willis are a group of supernatural women) * ''Le Villi'' (''The Willis'' or ''The Fairies''), an opera-ballet composed by Giacomo Puccini * ''Willis'' (album), by The Pietasters Fictional characters * Willis Jackson (character), in the 1970s-1980s Am ...
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Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types.
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Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica. The earliest recorded human prese ...
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