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Auguste Dreyfus
Auguste Dreyfus (28 June 1827 – 25 May 1897) was a French businessman who made his fortune by financing the Peruvian trade in guano. Dreyfus joined a small textile trading firm set up by three of his elder brothers and moved to Lima, Peru to act as their local representative. He became involved in the guano trade, and in 1869 signed a major contract with the Peruvian government that gave him a monopoly over exports of Peruvian guano to Europe. With this he controlled the largest source of Peruvian national income. The Peruvian government let Dreyfus act as their agent in managing their existing debt and floating new loans used for railway construction. The government ran into increasing financial difficulties. These were compounded by a war with Chile between 1879 and 1883 in which they lost their key guano-producing province. A lengthy series of lawsuits followed between the creditors whose loans were secured by guano deposits and the governments of Peru and Chile. The Dreyfus t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wissembourg
Wissembourg (; South Franconian German, South Franconian: ''Weisseburch'' ; German: ''Weißenburg'' ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Bas-Rhin Departments of France, department in Grand Est in northeastern France. It is situated on the little river Lauter (Rhine), Lauter close to the border between France and Germany approximately north of Strasbourg and west of Karlsruhe. Wissembourg was a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the department until 2015. The name ''Wissembourg'' is a French language, Gallicized version of ''Weißenburg (Weissenburg)'' in German language, German meaning "white castle". The Latin place-name, sometimes used in ecclesiastical sources, is ''Sebusium''. The town was annexed by France after Peace of Westphalia, 1648 but then incorporated into German empire, Germany in Treaty of Frankfurt (1871), 1871. It was returned to France in Treaty of Versailles, 1919, but reincorporated back into Nazi Germany, Germany in Battle of France, 1940. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphaels Bank
R. Raphael & Sons Limited, trading as Raphaels Bank, was a small UK-based independent bank that provided prepaid and credit card services, personal savings products, consumer credit, and a multi-currency ATM network. It was established in 1787 by Dutchman Raphael Raphael who moved to London at the start of the Napoleonic Wars. The bank was owned by the Raphaels family until 1983 and was owned by the Lenlyn Holdings plc starting in 2004. It went into liquidation in October 2020. History R Raphael & Sons was founded by Dutchman Raphael Raphael, in 1787. Raphael built up a considerable wealth during the Napoleonic wars, and later diversified the business to include stockbroking, foreign banking and bullion broking. Successive generations of the Raphael family moved into public share issues, raising loans for European governments, and transactions in American railway stocks in Europe. In 1890, Raphael's was a major contributor to the Bank of England fund to rescue Barings Bank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jouars-Pontchartrain Château
Jouars-Pontchartrain is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is approximately 35 kilometres from Paris. This city is famous for the Château de Pontchartrain. Geography The town of Jouars-Pontchartrain is located 35 km west of Paris, 18 km west of Versailles and 22 km from Rambouillet, on a buttress which delimits the western end of the plain of Versailles and at the foot from which begins the plain of Montfort-l'Amaury. Its territory is irrigated by the Mauldre whose south-north oriented course follows the eastern limit of the town and receives in the park of the Château de Pontchartrain the Élancourt brook, a diversion of which feeds its pond. This brook, oriented east-west, is enlarged a little upstream by the Maurepas brook which joins it at Chennevières. Hamlets of the municipality The commune comprises seven hamlets: * Pontchartrain, in the north of the municipal territory, heart of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Drumont
Édouard Adolphe Drumont (3 May 1844 – 5 February 1917) was a French antisemitic journalist, author and politician. He initiated the Antisemitic League of France in 1889, and was the founder and editor of the newspaper ''La Libre Parole''. After spending years of research, he synthesised three major types of antisemitism. The first type was traditional Catholic attitudes toward the alien " Christ killers" augmented by vehement antipathy toward the French Revolution. The second type was hostility toward capitalism. The third type was so-called scientific racism, based on the argument that races have fixed characteristics, and asserting that Jews have negative characteristics. Drumont's biographer, Grégoire Kauffmann, places Drumont within the counter-revolutionary tradition of Louis Veuillot, Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet, and anti-modern Catholicism. Socialist leader Jean Jaurès stated that "all the ideas and arguments of Drumont were taken from certain clerical oppone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Grévy
François Judith Paul Grévy (15 August 1807 – 9 September 1891), known as Jules Grévy (), was a French people, French lawyer and politician who served as President of France from 1879 to 1887. He was a leader of the Opportunist Republicans, Moderate Republicans, and given that his predecessors were Monarchism in France, monarchists who tried without success to restore the French monarchy, Grévy is considered the first real Republicanism, republican president of France. Born in a small town in the Jura (department), Jura department, Grévy moved to Paris where he initially followed a career in law before becoming a republican activist. He began his political career after the French Revolution of 1848, as a member of the National Assembly (France), National Assembly of the French Second Republic, where he became known for his opposition to Napoleon III, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and as a supporter of lesser authority for the executive branch. During the 1851 French coup d'éta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hervé De Lyrot
Hervé de Lyrot (26 May 1885 - 21 June 1956) was a French banker and politician, descended from François de Lyrot de La Patouillère. During World War II he chose to go into exile in England and the United States rather than remain in Vichy France. Leon Hervé Charles de Lyrot was born on 26 May 1885 in Montmorency, Val-d'Oise. He inherited the title of Count. He made his career in banking. Hervé de Lyrot married Emilie De Villahermose. His wife was the daughter of Auguste Dreyfus, who had made his fortune in the Peruvian guano trade, and Luisa Gonzales Obregon, marquise de Villa Hermosa. Their son, Count Alain Herve de Lyrot, was a reporter and correspondent for the '' New York Herald Tribune'', spokesman for the French Ministry of Information, and then held various jobs related to publication. In 1930 Hervé de Lyrot founded a chair of French at the Catholic University of Lima. Hervé de Lyrot entered politics in 1932, when he ran for parliament on an anti-cartelist Republic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Dreyfus Gonzalez
Édouard Vincent Joseph Dreyfus González de Orbegoso, 4th count of Premio Real (1876–1941) was a French Catholic businessman of Jewish descent, a lawyer, painter and writer, who was also an amateur composer under the pseudonym of Jean Dora. Édouard's grandfather Édouard Dreyfus (1788–1866) was a Jewish shopkeeper in Wissembourg, who moved to Paris. His father, Auguste Dreyfus (1827–1897) had ventured to Peru where he became rich from trading in guano and converted to Catholicism. He married twice, his first wife died in Peru, the second time, again in Peru, he married Luisa María González de Orbegoso, Marquise of Villa Hermosa, who was the mother of Édouard. Édouard graduated as Bachelor of Law (1897), Bachelor of Maritime Law (1897), then Doctor of Law (1903). He married on 16 March 1907, Anne-Hélène de Talleyrand-Périgrod (1877–1945) and had a son, Luis María Archibaldo, who never officially received the title of Count of Premio Real. Paintings * ''Young Japa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso XIII Of Spain
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. Alfonso XIII's upbringing and public image were closely linked to the military estate, often presenting himself as a soldier-king. His effective reign started four years after the so-called 1898 Disaster, with various social factions projecting their expectations of national regeneration upon him. Similarly to other European monarchs of his time, he played an important political role, entailing a highly controversial use of his constitutional executive powers. His wedding with Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg in 1906 was marked by a regicide attempt, from which he escaped unha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis José De Orbegoso
Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada-Galindo, de Burutarán y Morales (August 25, 1795 – February 5, 1847), an aristocratic Peruvian soldier and politician, served as the 5th President of Peru as well as the first President of North Peru. This was a time of profound social instability and continuing civil war which led his government to coexist with that of Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, and later with Felipe Santiago Salaverry. Orbegoso was born in Chuquizongo, Huamachuco, on August 25, 1795. His parents were Justo de Orbegoso y Burutarán and Francisca Moncada-Galindo y Morales, 4th countess of Olmos. Orbegoso was therefore the 5th count of Olmos. He participated with José de San Martín in the war for independence and in the war against Gran Colombia during the government of José de La Mar. After the collapse of Agustín Gamarra's first government, Orbegoso was elected president in 1833, winning over Pedro Pablo Bermúdez, whom Gamarra had preferred as his successor. During h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callao
Callao () is a Peruvian seaside city and Regions of Peru, region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region, which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao. Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards, the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and the Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the Spanish America, colonial era. Central Callao is about west of the Historic Centre of Lima. History El Callao was founded by Spanish colonists in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535). It soon became the main port for Spanish commerce in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific. The origin of its name is unknown; both Amerindian (particularly Yunga language (Peru), Yunga, or Coastal Peruvian) and Spanish sources are credited, but it is certain that it was known by that name since 1550. Other sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau By Nadar
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation of Aramaic כיפא (''Kefa),'' the nickname Jesus gave to apostle Simon Bar-Jona, referred in English as Saint Peter. Pierre is also found as a surname. People with the given name * Abbé Pierre, Henri Marie Joseph Grouès (1912–2007), French Catholic priest who founded the Emmaus Movement * Monsieur Pierre, Pierre Jean Philippe Zurcher-Margolle (c. 1890–1963), French ballroom dancer and dance teacher * Pierre (footballer), Lucas Pierre Santos Oliveira (born 1982), Brazilian footballer * Pierre, Baron of Beauvau (c. 1380–1453) * Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre (1845–1919) * Pierre, marquis de Fayet (died 1737), French naval commander and Governor General of Saint-Domingue * Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois (1895–1964), father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Ancón
The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón District, Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Pacific and to stabilise post-bellum relations between them. Under the treaty's terms, Chile gained control over Tarapacá Province (Peru), Tarapacá. Chile was also to retain the conquered provinces of Tacna Province, Tacna and Arica Province (Peru), Arica for ten years, after which their fate was to be decided by a plebiscite, which was never held.Egaña, Rafael (1900) ''The Tacna and Arica question. Historical antecedents.--Diplomatic action. Present state of the affair'' (translated from the Spanish edition by Edwin C. Reed) Barcelona Printing Office, Santiago, Chile, The Chilean–Peruvian territorial dispute, Tacna–Arica question would only be settled in 1929, through the mediation of the United States under President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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