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Atypoidea
Atypoidea is a clade of mygalomorph spiders, one of the two main groups into which the mygalomorphs are divided (the other being Avicularioidea). It has been treated at the rank of superfamily. It contains five families of spiders: * Atypidae * Antrodiaetidae Antrodiaetidae, also known as folding trapdoor spiders or folding-door spiders, is a small spider family related to atypical tarantulas. They are found almost exclusively in the western and midwestern United States, from California to Washington ... * Mecicobothriidae * Hexurellidae * Megahexuridae Spiders from atypoid families live in burrows and use silk to build many different types of burrow entrance constructs, including purse webs, trapdoors, funnel-and-sheet webs, turrets and silken collars. Phylogeny The following cladogram illustrates the relationships between atypoid mygalomorph spiders based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses of Hedin et al (2019). References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to them forming trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs. Description This group of spiders comprises mostly heavy-bodied, stout-legged spiders including tarantulas, Australian funnel-web spiders, mouse spiders, and various families of spiders commonly called trapdoor spiders. Like the " primitive" suborder of spiders Mesothelae, they have two pairs of book lungs, and downward-pointing chelicerae. Because of this, the two groups were once believed to be closely related. Later it was realized that the common ancestors of all spiders had these features (a state known as symplesiomorphy). Following the branching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avicularioidea
Avicularioidea is a clade of mygalomorph spiders, one of the two main clades into which mygalomorphs are divided (the other being the Atypoidea). It has been treated at the rank of superfamily. Taxonomy The division of the Mygalomorphae into two clades, Atypoidea and Avicularioidea, has been established in many studies. Avicularioidea has been treated as a superfamily (at one time including all mygalomorph spiders), although other authors have placed superfamilies, such as Theraphosoidea, within Avicularioidea. The name is based on the family name "Aviculariidae", a junior synonym of Theraphosidae, ultimately deriving from the genus ''Avicularia''. The Atypoidea retain some vestiges of abdominal segmentation in the form of dorsal tergites; the Avicularioidea lack these. Relationships within the Avicularioidea are not settled . Some established families have been shown not to be monophyletic. In 2018, the family Hexathelidae was split up, and three new families created within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecicobothrium
''Mecicobothrium'' is a genus of dwarf tarantulas first described by Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg in 1882. These spiders have three tarsal claws. The cephalic groove (fovea) is longitudinal. The abdomen has plates. The male palpal bulb lies in a long modified final joint. The posterior lateral spinnerets are very long, with the last joint whiplike. Species , the genus contained only two species: * '' Mecicobothrium baccai'' Lucas et al., 2006 — Brazil * ''Mecicobothrium thorelli ''Mecicobothrium thorelli'' is a spider in the family Mecicobothriidae, native to Argentina and Uruguay. It was first described in 1882 by Holmberg. The Specific name (zoology), specific name ''thorelli'' honours Tamerlan Thorell. The species is ...'' Holmberg, 1882 — Argentina, Uruguay References Mygalomorphae Mygalomorphae genera Taxa named by Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg {{Mygalomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antrodiaetus
''Antrodiaetus'' is a genus of American and Japanese folding trapdoor spiders first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. The name is a combination of the Greek "antrodiaitos" (αντροδιαιτος), meaning "living in caves", "antron" (αντρον), meaning "cave", and "diaita (διαιτα), meaning "way of life, dwelling". Species the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: *'' Antrodiaetus apachecus'' Coyle, 1971 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus ashlandensis'' Cokendolpher, Peck & Niwa, 2005 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus cerberus'' Coyle, 1971 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus coylei'' Cokendolpher, Peck & Niwa, 2005 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus effeminatus'' Cokendolpher, Peck & Niwa, 2005 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus hageni'' (Chamberlin, 1917) — USA *'' Antrodiaetus lincolnianus'' (Worley, 1928) — USA *'' Antrodiaetus metapacificus'' Cokendolpher, Peck & Niwa, 2005 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus microunicolor'' Hendrixson & Bond, 2005 — USA *'' Antrodiaetus montanus'' (Chamberlin & I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexura
''Hexura'' is a genus of American folding trapdoor spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1884. it contains two species, found in the United States: '' H. picea'' and '' H. rothi''. Originally placed with Mecicobothriidae, it was moved to Antrodiaetidae in 2019. See also * List of Antrodiaetidae species This page lists all described genera and species of the spider family Antrodiaetidae. , the World Spider Catalog accepts 41 species in 2 genera: ''Aliatypus'' ''Aliatypus'' Smith, 1908 * '' Aliatypus aquilonius'' Coyle, 1974 — USA * '' Aliat ... References Antrodiaetidae Mygalomorphae genera Spiders of the United States Spiders of Canada {{Mygalomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliatypus
''Aliatypus'' is a genus of North American folding trapdoor spiders first described by C. P. Smith in 1908. They resemble members of Ctenizidae in morphology and behavior, but this is due to convergent evolution rather than direct relation. They are most closely related to members of '' Antrodiaetus'', which build collar doors. It is likely that the shift from using collar doors to using trapdoors is what allowed them to survive in hot, dry conditions where their closest relatives could not. Often found in roadside banks or ravines, they build a burrow perpendicular to the surface with a wafer-like trapdoor entrance to catch prey. Burrows are often clustered together, sometimes quite densely in more favorable positions. They are native to the western United States, where the complex landscape creates pockets of isolated species limited to small regions. As one of the most abundant genera of trapdoor spiders in California, it is argued that their sedentary lifestyle and limited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megahexura
''Megahexura'' is a genus of spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...s with the sole species ''Megahexura fulva''. It is the only genus in the family Megahexuridae. Native to the United States, the spiders build an exposed sheet web with a funnel-shaped retreat in holes and crevices along ravine banks. References Monotypic Mygalomorphae genera Mygalomorphae {{Mygalomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphodros
''Sphodros'' is a genus of North American purseweb spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1835. It was considered a synonym of ''Atypus'' until 1980. Species it contains seven species in the United States, Canada, and Mexico: *'' Sphodros abboti'' Walckenaer, 1835 ( type) – Southern Georgia, Northern Florida *''Sphodros atlanticus'' Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Eastern and Central United States *''Sphodros coylei'' Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – South Carolina, Virginia *''Sphodros fitchi'' Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Iowa *''Sphodros niger'' ( Hentz, 1842) – Canada, Northeastern United States (south to Tennessee and east to Kansas) *''Sphodros paisano'' Gertsch & Platnick, 1980 – Southeastern Texas, Mexico *''Sphodros rufipes ''Sphodros rufipes'', sometimes called the red legged purseweb spider, is a Mygalomorphae, mygalomorph spider from the southern United States, though it has been photographed as far nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atypus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of Atypidae, atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsingeri'') in the USA. Only three of the described species occur in Europe: ''A. piceus'', ''A. affinis'', and ''A. muralis''. Peasants in the southern Carpathian Mountains used to cut up tubes built by ''Atypus'' and cover wounds with the inner lining. It reportedly facilitated healing, and even connected with the skin. This is believed to be due to antiseptic properties of spider silk (which is made of protein). Identification features They are three-clawed, medium to large spiders with eight eyes. They have six spinneret (spider), spinnerets with the median spinneret truncated. The prolateral sides of the maxillae are elongated. The cephalic side of the cephalothorax is elevated. They have large chelicerae with long and thin fangs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calommata
''Calommata'' is a genus of purseweb spiders first described by Hippolyte Lucas in 1837. Species it contains sixteen species: *'' Calommata fulvipes'' (Lucas, 1835) ( type) – Indonesia (Java, Sumatra) *'' Calommata hangzhica'' F. Li & Xu, 2022 – China *'' Calommata jinggangica'' F. Li & Xu, 2022 – China *'' Calommata megae'' Fourie, Haddad & Jocqué, 2011 – Zimbabwe *'' Calommata meridionalis'' Fourie, Haddad & Jocqué, 2011 – South Africa *'' Calommata namibica'' Fourie, Haddad & Jocqué, 2011 – Namibia *'' Calommata obesa'' Simon, 1886 – Thailand *'' Calommata pichoni'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' Calommata signata'' Karsch, 1879 – China, Korea, Japan *'' Calommata simoni'' Pocock, 1903 – West, Central, East Africa *'' Calommata sundaica'' (Doleschall Carl Ludwig Doleschall ( hu, Doleschall Lajos; sk, Karol Ľudovít Doležal; born 15 July 1827 – died 26 February 1859) was born in Vág-Újhely, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Nové Mesto nad V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypochilidae
Lampshade spiders, family Hypochilidae, are among the most primitive of araneomorph spiders. There are two genera and twelve species currently recognized. Like mygalomorphs, most hypochilids have two pairs of book lungs, but like araneomorphs they have intersecting fangs, with the exception of some species which have chelicerae in an angle that is neither orthognathous or labidognathous. These long-legged spiders build typical "lampshade" style webs under overhangs and in caves. In the United States the fauna is primarily associated with the Appalachian, Rocky and California Mountains. Ten of the known species are found in these ranges, all in the genus ''Hypochilus''. The genus ''Ectatosticta'' is found in China. In one analysis, the Hypochilidae are a sister clade to the Neocribellatae, which contains all other spider species in the Araneomorphae (Coddington & Levi, 1991, p. 576). A more recent study groups them with the Haplogynae. , p. 1766. Species '' Ectatosticta' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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