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Athenian Constitution
Constitution of the Athenians (Greek: ''Athenaion politeia'') may refer to either of two ancient treatises on the subject of the government of Athens: * Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle), a treatise on the Athenian constitution written by Aristotle or one of his students * Constitution of the Athenians (Pseudo-Xenophon), a treatise preserved under the name of Xenophon, though not actually by him It may also refer to the following historical constitutional and legal codes under which Athens was governed at various periods: * Draconian constitution, the code of laws in Athens written by Draco in the last quarter of the seventh century BC * Solonian constitution, the constitution implemented in Athens by Solon in the early sixth century BC * Areopagite constitution The Areopagite constitution is the modern name for a period in ancient Athens described by Aristotle in his '' Constitution of the Athenians''. According to that work, the Athenian political scene was dominated, be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Athenians (Aristotle)
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these principles are written down into a single document or set of legal documents, those documents may be said to embody a ''written constitution''; if they are encompassed in a single comprehensive document, it is said to embody a ''codified constitution''. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a notable example of an ''uncodified constitution''; it is instead written in numerous fundamental Acts of a legislature, court cases or treaties. Constitutions concern different levels of organizations, from sovereign countries to companies and unincorporated associations. A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. Within states, a constitution define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Athenians (Pseudo-Xenophon)
The "Constitution of the Athenians" ( grc-gre, Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία, ''Athenaion Politeia''), also known as "On the Athenian State", is a short treatise on the government and society of classical Athens. It was preserved amongst the minor works of Xenophon, though the scholarly consensus is that he did not write it. Its date and authorship have been the subject of much dispute. The treatise discusses the organisation of the Athenian government, focusing particularly on the relationship between Athens' democracy and its status as a naval power. Authorship Though the treatise was once attributed to Xenophon, amongst whose works it was preserved, it is now taken not to have been his work. The author of the work is sometimes referred to as the Old Oligarch – a name first used by Gilbert Murray. Scholars disagree on the author's political views. Though most see the work as sincere and the author as genuinely oligarchic, some have seen the work as an intellectual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draconian Constitution
The Draconian constitution, or Draco's code, was a written law code enforced by Draco in Athens near the end of the 7th century BC; its composition started around 621 BC. It was written in response to the unjust interpretation and modification of oral law by Athenian aristocrats. As most societies in Ancient Greece codified basic law during the mid-seventh century BC, Athenian oral law was manipulated by the aristocracy until the emergence of Draco's code. Around 621 BC the people of Athens commissioned Draco to devise a written law code and constitution, giving him the title of the first legislator of Athens. The literate could read the code at a central location accessible to anyone. This enactment of a rule of law was an early manifestation of Athenian democracy. Background The need for written laws began with the unequal access to legal knowledge of the aristocracy as compared with the general populace; the established laws of Athens were inefficiently formulated in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solonian Constitution
The Solonian constitution was created by Solon in the early 6th century BC. At the time of Solon the Athenian State was almost falling to pieces in consequence of dissensions between the parties into which the population was divided. Solon wanted to revise or abolish the older laws of Draco. He promulgated a code of laws embracing the whole of public and private life, the salutary effects of which lasted long after the end of his constitution. Under Solon's reforms, all debts were abolished and all debt-slaves were freed. The status of the ''hectemoroi'' (the "one-sixth workers"), who farmed in an early form of serfdom, was also abolished. These reforms were known as the ''Seisachtheia''. Solon's constitution reduced the power of the old aristocracy by making wealth rather than birth a criterion for holding political positions, a system called ''timokratia'' (timocracy). Citizens were also divided based on their land production: pentacosiomedimnoi, hippeis, zeugitae, and thetes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
