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Astraeus Hygrometricus
''Astraeus hygrometricus'', commonly known as the hygroscopic earthstar, the barometer earthstar, or the false earthstar, is a species of fungus in the family Diplocystaceae. Young specimens resemble a puffball when unopened. In maturity, the mushroom displays the characteristic Earthstar fungus, earthstar shape that is a result of the outer layer of fruit body tissue splitting open in a star-like manner. The false earthstar is an mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal species that grows in association with various trees, especially in sandy soils. ''A. hygrometricus'' was previously thought to have a cosmopolitan distribution, though it is now thought to be restricted to Southern Europe, and ''Astraeus'' are common in temperate and tropical regions. Its common names refer to the fact that it is hygroscopic (water-absorbing), and can open up its rays to expose the spore sac in response to increased humidity, and close them up again in drier conditions. The rays have an irregularly cra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pers
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Pers may refer to: * Pers, Cantal, France, a commune near Aurillac * Pers, Deux-Sèvres, France, a commune near Poitiers * ''Pers.'', taxonomic author abbreviation for mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon *Persian language PERS may refer to: * Personal Emergency Response System See also * * * Person (other) * Perse (other) * Per (other) Per is a Latin preposition which means "through" or "for each", as in per capita. Per or PER may also refer to: Places * IOC country code for Peru * Pér, a village in Hungary * Chapman code for Perthshire, historic county in Scotland Math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastrum
''Geastrum'' (orthographical variant ''Geaster'') is a genus of puffball-like mushrooms in the family Geastraceae. Many species are known commonly as earthstars. The name, which comes from ''geo'' meaning ''earth'' and meaning ''star'', refers to the behavior of the outer peridium. At maturity, the outer layer of the fruiting body splits into segments which turn outward creating a star-like pattern on the ground. The inner peridium is called a spore sac. In some species, the outer peridium splits from a middle layer, causing the spore sac to arch off the ground. If the outer peridium opens when wet and closes when dry, it is described as hygroscopic. In some species, the inner peridium is borne on a stalk or pedicel. The columella is a column-like clump of sterile tissue found inside the inner peridium. The network of fertile tissue inside the inner peridium, the capillitium, arises from the columella And is where basidia and basidiospores are produced. The mouth in most species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia (basidiomycetes) or paraphyses (ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes. * In puffballs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Hendrik Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a German mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in South Africa at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immigrant Pomeranian father and Dutch mother. His mother died soon after he was born; at the age of thirteen his father (who died a year later) sent him to Europe for his education. Education Initially studying theology at Halle, at age 22 (in 1784) Persoon switched to medicine at Leiden and Göttingen. He received a doctorate from the "Kaiserlich-Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher" in 1799. Later years He moved to Paris in 1802, where he spent the rest of his life, renting an upper floor of a house in a poor part of town. He was apparently unemployed, unmarried, poverty-stricken and a recluse, although he corresponded with botanists throughout Europe. Because of his financial difficulties, Persoon agreed to do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice. Activity is generally dosage-dependent. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only must be active against a target, but also possess the appropriate ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Telleriae
''Astraeus telleriae'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as new to science in 2013, it is found in the Mediterranean region, from southern Spain to Greece. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ... honours Spanish mycologist Maria Teresa Telleria. References External links * Boletales Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of Europe Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Smithii
''Astraeus smithii'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. It was described as new to science in 2013. The specific epithet honors American mycologist Alexander H. Smith Alexander Hanchett Smith (December 12, 1904 – December 12, 1986) was an American mycologist known for his extensive contributions to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher fungi, especially the agarics. Early life Smith, born in Crandon, Wis .... The fungus is found in the central and northern United States, where it grows on the ground at forest edges and open areas. References External links * Boletales Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of the United States Fungi without expected TNC conservation status Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Morganii
''Astraeus morganii'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. The fungus is found in the central to southern United States, extending southwards to Mexico. It is closely related to '' Astraeus pteridis'', but has smaller fruit bodies and larger spores. The specific epithet honors American botanist Andrew Price Morgan Andrew Price Morgan (27 October 1836 – 19 October 1907) was an American debater. He investigated the flora of the Miami Valley in Ohio. While his interest included flowering plants, as noted by his ''Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio'', his speci .... References External links * Boletales Fungi described in 2013 Fungi of North America Fungus species {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Pteridis
''Astraeus pteridis'', commonly known as the giant hygroscopic earthstar, is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. It was described by American mycologist Cornelius Lott Shear in 1902 under the name ''Scleroderma pteridis''. Sanford Myron Zeller transferred it to ''Astraeus'' in a 1948 publication. It is found in North America. ''A. pteridis'' was previously frequently confused with the supposedly cosmopolitan '' A. hygrometricus'', now shown to be found only in Europe. Distribution A molecular phylogenetic study from 2013 resulted in the application of the name ''A. pteridis'' to the larger ''Astraeus'' found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ''A. pteridis'' has also been found in the Canary Islands, Madeira, and Argentina, which share historical connections to Lusitania. It may be widely distributed or have been translocated. Morphology ''A. pteridis'' closely resembles ''A. hygrometricus'', though it is larger, reaching 5 to 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Odoratus
''Astraeus odoratus'' ( th, เห็ดเผาะหนัง; ''Het pho nang'' เห็ดเผาะหนัง, ''Het pho'' เห็ดเผาะ, or ''Het nang'' เห็ดหนัง, the latter meaning "skin mushroom") is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as a new species in 2004, it was originally found in the Thai highlands growing in sandy or laterite-rich soil in dry lowland dipterocarp forests. The species is found in Southeast Asia. Description Fruit bodies begin as brownish spheres or flattened spheres, partially submerged in the earth. The outer tissue layer, the exoperidium, splits open in a star-like fashion into 3–9 rays. The rays are hygroscopic, spreading out when moist and curling inward when dry. The fully expanded fruit body measures up to in diameter. Fresh fruit bodies have an odor similar to moist soil. The spores are spherical, covered with spines, and measure 7.5–15.2 µm. The ornamentation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astraeus Asiaticus
''Astraeus asiaticus'' is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. Described as a new species in 2007, it was originally found in north and northeastern areas of Thailand, where it grows in sandy or laterite-rich soil in dry lowland dipterocarp forests. The species has a wide distribution in Asia. See also *''Astraeus odoratus ''Astraeus odoratus'' ( th, เห็ดเผาะหนัง; ''Het pho nang'' เห็ดเผาะหนัง, ''Het pho'' เห็ดเผาะ, or ''Het nang'' เห็ดหนัง, the latter meaning "skin mushroom") is a spe ...'' References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Astraeus Asiaticus Boletales Fungi described in 2007 Fungi of Asia Fungus species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms. These relationships are determined by Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference methods that focus on observed heritable traits, such as DNA sequences, protein amino acid sequences, or morphology. The result of such an analysis is a phylogenetic tree—a diagram containing a hypothesis of relationships that reflects the evolutionary history of a group of organisms. The tips of a phylogenetic tree can be living taxa or fossils, and represent the "end" or the present time in an evolutionary lineage. A phylogenetic diagram can be rooted or unrooted. A rooted tree diagram indicates the hypothetical common ancestor of the tree. An unrooted tree diagram (a network) makes no assumption about the ancestral line, and does ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
